{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3039220183","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en13133407","title":"Electrical Generation of a Ground-Level Solar Thermoelectric Generator: Experimental Tests and One-Year Cycle Simulation","display_name":"Electrical Generation of a Ground-Level Solar Thermoelectric Generator: Experimental Tests and One-Year Cycle Simulation","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-07-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3039220183","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en13133407","mag":"3039220183"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/en13133407","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en13133407","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en13133407","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/13/13/3407/pdf?version=1593683062","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S198098182","display_name":"Energies","issn_l":"1996-1073","issn":["1996-1073"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Energies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/13/13/3407/pdf?version=1593683062","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047738467","display_name":"Eduard Massaguer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5485-1327","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5485-1327"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I251424209","display_name":"Universitat de Girona","ror":"https://ror.org/01xdxns91","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I251424209"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Eduard Massaguer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering and Industrial Construction, University of Girona, c/Universitat de Girona 4, 17003 Girona, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5485-1327","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering and Industrial Construction, University of Girona, c/Universitat de Girona 4, 17003 Girona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I251424209"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022161699","display_name":"A. Massaguer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5124-0993","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5124-0993"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I251424209","display_name":"Universitat de Girona","ror":"https://ror.org/01xdxns91","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I251424209"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Albert Massaguer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering and Industrial Construction, University of Girona, c/Universitat de Girona 4, 17003 Girona, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering and Industrial Construction, University of Girona, c/Universitat de Girona 4, 17003 Girona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I251424209"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025644927","display_name":"Eudald Ball\u00f3","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I251424209","display_name":"Universitat de Girona","ror":"https://ror.org/01xdxns91","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I251424209"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eudald Ball\u00f3","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering and Industrial Construction, University of Girona, c/Universitat de Girona 4, 17003 Girona, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering and Industrial Construction, University of Girona, c/Universitat de Girona 4, 17003 Girona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I251424209"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088757157","display_name":"I.R. C\u00f3zar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7159-5908","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7159-5908"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I251424209","display_name":"Universitat de Girona","ror":"https://ror.org/01xdxns91","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I251424209"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ivan Ruiz C\u00f3zar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering and Industrial Construction, University of Girona, c/Universitat de Girona 4, 17003 Girona, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering and Industrial Construction, University of Girona, c/Universitat de Girona 4, 17003 Girona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I251424209"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088516528","display_name":"Toni Pujol","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7013-2867","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7013-2867"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I251424209","display_name":"Universitat de Girona","ror":"https://ror.org/01xdxns91","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I251424209"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Toni Pujol","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering and Industrial Construction, University of Girona, c/Universitat de Girona 4, 17003 Girona, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7013-2867","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering and Industrial Construction, University of Girona, c/Universitat de Girona 4, 17003 Girona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I251424209"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016307837","display_name":"L. Montoro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2801-408X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2801-408X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I251424209","display_name":"Universitat de Girona","ror":"https://ror.org/01xdxns91","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I251424209"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lino Montoro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering and Industrial Construction, University of Girona, c/Universitat de Girona 4, 17003 Girona, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering and Industrial Construction, University of Girona, c/Universitat de Girona 4, 17003 Girona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I251424209"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065692479","display_name":"M. Comamala","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6973-7738","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6973-7738"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I251424209","display_name":"Universitat de Girona","ror":"https://ror.org/01xdxns91","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I251424209"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mart\u00ed Comamala","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering and Industrial Construction, University of Girona, c/Universitat de Girona 4, 17003 Girona, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6973-7738","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering and Industrial Construction, University of Girona, c/Universitat de Girona 4, 17003 Girona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I251424209"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5022161699","https://openalex.org/A5047738467"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I251424209"],"apc_list":{"value":1800,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1901},"apc_paid":{"value":1800,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1901},"fwci":0.2801,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.49669363,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"13","first_page":"3407","last_page":"3407"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10440","display_name":"Advanced Thermoelectric Materials and Devices","score":0.9404000043869019,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10440","display_name":"Advanced Thermoelectric Materials and Devices","score":0.9404000043869019,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10905","display_name":"Solar Thermal and Photovoltaic Systems","score":0.01720000058412552,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12442","display_name":"Thermal Radiation and Cooling Technologies","score":0.009200000204145908,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solar-thermoelectric-generator","display_name":"solar thermoelectric generator","score":0.9520000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermoelectric-modules","display_name":"thermoelectric modules","score":0.7440000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/off-grid-power-generation","display_name":"off-grid power generation","score":0.7599999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-temperature","display_name":"soil temperature","score":0.9539999961853027}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C423512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q383973","display_name":"Electricity generation","level":3,"score":0.7177519798278809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.7071025967597961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149277555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16491","display_name":"Daylight","level":2,"score":0.6643140316009521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117127486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11569191","display_name":"Thermoelectric generator","level":3,"score":0.6319758892059326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98576551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q841798","display_name":"Electric potential energy","level":3,"score":0.5879474878311157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.5398625135421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63024428","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q552456","display_name":"Thermoelectric effect","level":2,"score":0.4512837529182434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40293303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27137","display_name":"Electric power","level":3,"score":0.44584596157073975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C541104983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40015","display_name":"Solar energy","level":2,"score":0.44309040904045105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91586092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757520","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","level":1,"score":0.4372149407863617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162725370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52643","display_name":"Daytime","level":2,"score":0.4197327494621277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.27352797985076904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.2712433934211731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.2341599464416504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.18804976344108582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.17630168795585632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.12944981455802917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.08372971415519714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.08243134617805481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/en13133407","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en13133407","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en13133407","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/13/13/3407/pdf?version=1593683062","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S198098182","display_name":"Energies","issn_l":"1996-1073","issn":["1996-1073"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Energies","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dnet:dugidocsuniv::282fe30e610d41fc76d552adc1e07641","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10256/18269","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402641","display_name":"LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Cient\u00edficas)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4383465926","host_organization_name":"LA Referencia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4383465926"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dugi-doc.udg.edu:10256/18269","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10256/18269","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401633","display_name":"Universitat de Girona Digital Repository (Universitat de Girona)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I251424209","host_organization_name":"Universitat de Girona","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I251424209"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Articles publicats (D-EMCI)","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:gam:jeners:v:13:y:2020:i:13:p:3407-:d:379409","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/13/13/3407/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:23f656984c5748ca976aa91106d355bf","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/23f656984c5748ca976aa91106d355bf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Energies, Vol 13, Iss 13, p 3407 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dugi-doc:10256/18269","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10256/18269","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401633","display_name":"Universitat de Girona Digital Repository (Universitat de Girona)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I251424209","host_organization_name":"Universitat de Girona","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I251424209"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/en13133407","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en13133407","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en13133407","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/13/13/3407/pdf?version=1593683062","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S198098182","display_name":"Energies","issn_l":"1996-1073","issn":["1996-1073"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Energies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"},{"display_name":"Climate action","score":0.685699999332428,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G529112495","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MPCUdG2016-4","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310750","funder_display_name":"Universitat de Girona"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310750","display_name":"Universitat de Girona","ror":"https://ror.org/01xdxns91"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3039220183.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3039220183.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1964204135","https://openalex.org/W1969035324","https://openalex.org/W1987742924","https://openalex.org/W1990230105","https://openalex.org/W2080994658","https://openalex.org/W2099853087","https://openalex.org/W2105733071","https://openalex.org/W2127015426","https://openalex.org/W2130308685","https://openalex.org/W2190428429","https://openalex.org/W2206391050","https://openalex.org/W2518646586","https://openalex.org/W2594758347","https://openalex.org/W2748128734","https://openalex.org/W2772622694","https://openalex.org/W2886747668","https://openalex.org/W2890937490","https://openalex.org/W2896355919","https://openalex.org/W2900560732","https://openalex.org/W2903667395","https://openalex.org/W2919272866","https://openalex.org/W2925128233","https://openalex.org/W2944451222","https://openalex.org/W2955893601","https://openalex.org/W2968079671","https://openalex.org/W2991653929","https://openalex.org/W2995075496","https://openalex.org/W2998063253","https://openalex.org/W3001776689","https://openalex.org/W3003849246","https://openalex.org/W3005957346","https://openalex.org/W3007242716","https://openalex.org/W3011843668","https://openalex.org/W3012031265","https://openalex.org/W3016622916","https://openalex.org/W3022353770","https://openalex.org/W3026775971","https://openalex.org/W3031398794"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4313647279","https://openalex.org/W2996022690","https://openalex.org/W4283789923","https://openalex.org/W3133295903","https://openalex.org/W7000442616","https://openalex.org/W2890937490","https://openalex.org/W2025534280","https://openalex.org/W4390842433","https://openalex.org/W288570680","https://openalex.org/W4323545842"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Solar":[0],"thermoelectric":[1,45],"generators":[2],"(STEGs)":[3],"are":[4],"a":[5,36,58,66,182],"promising":[6],"technology":[7],"to":[8,56,64,82],"harvest":[9],"energy":[10,76,87,101,120,135,153],"for":[11],"off-grid":[12],"applications.":[13],"A":[14],"wide":[15],"variety":[16],"of":[17,26,75,94,99,106,115,185],"STEG":[18,37],"designs":[19],"have":[20],"been":[21],"proposed":[22],"with":[23,181],"the":[24,71,104,107,113,116,127],"aim":[25],"providing":[27],"non-intermittent":[28],"electrical":[29,119,159],"generation.":[30],"Here,":[31],"we":[32],"designed":[33],"and":[34,48,146,165,170],"tested":[35],"0.5":[38],"m":[39],"long":[40],"formed":[41],"by":[42],"nine":[43],"commercial":[44],"generator":[46],"modules":[47],"located":[49],"at":[50,112],"ground":[51],"level.":[52],"Data":[53],"were":[54,140,167],"used":[55],"validate":[57],"numerical":[59],"model":[60],"that":[61],"was":[62,91,122,155,178],"employed":[63],"simulate":[65],"one-year":[67],"cycle.":[68],"Results":[69],"confirmed":[70],"very":[72],"high":[73],"variability":[74],"generation":[77,88,102,121,136,154],"during":[78,89,163],"daylight":[79,164],"time":[80],"due":[81],"weather":[83],"conditions.":[84,96],"By":[85],"contrast,":[86],"night":[90],"almost":[92],"independent":[93],"atmospheric":[95],"Annual":[97,174],"variations":[98],"nighttime":[100,166],"followed":[103],"trend":[105],"daily":[108],"averaged":[109,132],"soil":[110],"temperature":[111],"bottom":[114],"device.":[117],"Nighttime":[118],"5.4":[123],"times":[124],"smaller":[125],"than":[126],"diurnal":[128],"one":[129],"in":[130],"yearly":[131],"values.":[133],"Mean":[134,158],"values":[137,162],"per":[138],"day":[139],"587":[141],"J":[142,148],"d\u22121":[143,149],"(daylight":[144],"time)":[145],"110":[147],"(nighttime).":[150],"Total":[151],"annual":[152],"255":[156],"kJ.":[157],"output":[160,176],"power":[161,177],"13.4":[168],"mW":[169,180],"2.5":[171],"mW,":[172],"respectively.":[173],"mean":[175],"7.9":[179],"peak":[183],"value":[184],"79.8":[186],"mW.":[187]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2020-07-10T00:00:00"}