{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3037869352","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2020.bionlp-1.15","title":"BioMRC: A Dataset for Biomedical Machine Reading Comprehension","display_name":"BioMRC: A Dataset for Biomedical Machine Reading Comprehension","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3037869352","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2020.bionlp-1.15","mag":"3037869352"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/2020.bionlp-1.15","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2020.bionlp-1.15","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2020.bionlp-1.15","pdf_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/2020.bionlp-1.15.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407086806","display_name":"Workshop on Biomedical Language Processing (BioNLP)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 19th SIGBioMed Workshop on Biomedical Language Processing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/2020.bionlp-1.15.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001794274","display_name":"Dimitris Pappas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5784-0658","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5784-0658"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210098364","display_name":"Institute for Language and Speech Processing","ror":"https://ror.org/00z24kr14","country_code":"GR","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098364"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I73142707","display_name":"Athens University of Economics and Business","ror":"https://ror.org/03s262162","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I73142707"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dimitris Pappas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Informatics, Athens University of Economics and Business, Greece","Institute for Language and Speech Processing, Research Center 'Athena', Greece"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Informatics, Athens University of Economics and Business, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I73142707"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Language and Speech Processing, Research Center 'Athena', Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210098364"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049165584","display_name":"Petros Stavropoulos","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210098364","display_name":"Institute for Language and Speech Processing","ror":"https://ror.org/00z24kr14","country_code":"GR","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098364"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I73142707","display_name":"Athens University of Economics and Business","ror":"https://ror.org/03s262162","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I73142707"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Petros Stavropoulos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Informatics, Athens University of Economics and Business, Greece","Institute for Language and Speech Processing, Research Center 'Athena', Greece"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Informatics, Athens University of Economics and Business, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I73142707"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Language and Speech Processing, Research Center 'Athena', Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210098364"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069270736","display_name":"Ion Androutsopoulos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2969-0509","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2969-0509"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I73142707","display_name":"Athens University of Economics and Business","ror":"https://ror.org/03s262162","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I73142707"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ion Androutsopoulos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Informatics, Athens University of Economics and Business, Greece"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Informatics, Athens University of Economics and Business, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I73142707"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022489655","display_name":"Ryan McDonald","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I73142707","display_name":"Athens University of Economics and Business","ror":"https://ror.org/03s262162","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I73142707"]}],"countries":["GR","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ryan McDonald","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Informatics, Athens University of Economics and Business, Greece","Google Research"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Informatics, Athens University of Economics and Business, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I73142707"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google Research","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.4062,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":36,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94047619,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"140","last_page":"149"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11710","display_name":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","score":0.4683000147342682,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11710","display_name":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","score":0.4683000147342682,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.4092000126838684,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13702","display_name":"Machine Learning in Healthcare","score":0.02710000053048134,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-performance-comparison","display_name":"human performance comparison","score":0.675000011920929}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8067953586578369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127705205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5748245","display_name":"Heuristics","level":2,"score":0.7900855541229248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6163293719291687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.6084193587303162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.5855886340141296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5690358877182007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4606172740459442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.4108804762363434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.41074544191360474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/2020.bionlp-1.15","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2020.bionlp-1.15","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2020.bionlp-1.15","pdf_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/2020.bionlp-1.15.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407086806","display_name":"Workshop on Biomedical Language Processing (BioNLP)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 19th SIGBioMed Workshop on Biomedical Language Processing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2005.06376","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2005.06376","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2005.06376","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:3025059278","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://export.arxiv.org/pdf/2005.06376","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","raw_type":null},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2005.06376","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2005.06376","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2005.06376","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.18653/v1/2020.bionlp-1.15","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2020.bionlp-1.15","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2020.bionlp-1.15","pdf_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/2020.bionlp-1.15.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407086806","display_name":"Workshop on Biomedical Language Processing (BioNLP)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 19th SIGBioMed Workshop on Biomedical Language Processing","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3037869352.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3037869352.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1521626219","https://openalex.org/W1544827683","https://openalex.org/W1981208470","https://openalex.org/W2122402213","https://openalex.org/W2123579157","https://openalex.org/W2126209950","https://openalex.org/W2142016317","https://openalex.org/W2270070752","https://openalex.org/W2288995089","https://openalex.org/W2415755012","https://openalex.org/W2516196286","https://openalex.org/W2528904340","https://openalex.org/W2557764419","https://openalex.org/W2604748391","https://openalex.org/W2606964149","https://openalex.org/W2609826708","https://openalex.org/W2769851464","https://openalex.org/W2788363870","https://openalex.org/W2798935874","https://openalex.org/W2805973097","https://openalex.org/W2891113091","https://openalex.org/W2896457183","https://openalex.org/W2912924812","https://openalex.org/W2913352150","https://openalex.org/W2951534261","https://openalex.org/W2962809918","https://openalex.org/W2962985038","https://openalex.org/W2963323070","https://openalex.org/W2963341956","https://openalex.org/W2963506049","https://openalex.org/W2963748441","https://openalex.org/W2970771982","https://openalex.org/W2970986790","https://openalex.org/W3001393026"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2805973097","https://openalex.org/W3157876196","https://openalex.org/W3191581995","https://openalex.org/W4313887409","https://openalex.org/W3177067447","https://openalex.org/W3214229218","https://openalex.org/W4225298476","https://openalex.org/W7098379050","https://openalex.org/W6909029956","https://openalex.org/W3204256746"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"introduce":[1,91],"BIOMRC,":[2,53],"a":[3,92,134],"large-scale":[4],"clozestyle":[5],"biomedical":[6,85,114],"MRC":[7,41,95],"dataset.Care":[8],"was":[9],"taken":[10],"to":[11,15,82],"reduce":[12],"noise,":[13],"compared":[14,81],"the":[16,34,56,78,97,111,120],"previous":[17],"BIOREAD":[18,48],"dataset":[19,58,80,122],"of":[20,100,113],"Pappas":[21],"et":[22],"al.":[23],"(2018).Experiments":[24],"show":[25],"that":[26,38,43,55,66],"simple":[27],"heuristics":[28],"do":[29],"not":[30],"perform":[31,49,87],"well":[32],"on":[33,47,52,77],"new":[35,57,79,93,121],"dataset,":[36],"and":[37,84,132],"two":[39],"neural":[40],"models":[42],"had":[44],"been":[45],"tested":[46],"much":[50],"better":[51],"indicating":[54],"is":[59,69,74],"indeed":[60],"less":[61],"noisy":[62],"or":[63,109],"at":[64],"least":[65],"its":[67],"task":[68],"more":[70],"feasible.Non-expert":[71],"human":[72],"performance":[73],"also":[75,90,128],"higher":[76],"BIOREAD,":[83],"experts":[86,115],"even":[88],"better.We":[89],"BERT-based":[94],"model,":[96],"best":[98],"version":[99],"which":[101],"substantially":[102],"outperforms":[103],"all":[104],"other":[105],"methods":[106],"tested,":[107],"reaching":[108],"surpassing":[110],"accuracy":[112],"in":[116,124],"some":[117],"experiments.We":[118],"make":[119],"available":[123],"three":[125],"different":[126],"sizes,":[127],"releasing":[129],"our":[130],"code,":[131],"providing":[133],"leaderboard.":[135]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2020-07-02T00:00:00"}