{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3037726991","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijagr.2020070104","title":"Mapping Gated Communities","display_name":"Mapping Gated Communities","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-06-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3037726991","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijagr.2020070104","mag":"3037726991"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4018/ijagr.2020070104","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijagr.2020070104","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijagr.2020070104","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S23159541","display_name":"International Journal of Applied Geospatial Research","issn_l":"1947-9654","issn":["1947-9654","1947-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","poland-20","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320424","host_organization_name":"IGI Global","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320424"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IGI Global"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Applied Geospatial Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068675643","display_name":"Zia Salim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7323-1414","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7323-1414"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142934699","display_name":"California State University, Fullerton","ror":"https://ror.org/02avqqw26","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142934699"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zia Salim","raw_affiliation_strings":["California State University, Fullerton, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"California State University, Fullerton, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142934699"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5068675643"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142934699"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8179,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78814568,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"3","first_page":"48","last_page":"67"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10757","display_name":"Geographic Information Systems Studies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3305","display_name":"Geography, Planning and Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10757","display_name":"Geographic Information Systems Studies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3305","display_name":"Geography, Planning and Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12698","display_name":"3D Modeling in Geospatial Applications","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11479","display_name":"Smart Cities and Technologies","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gated-communities","display_name":"gated communities","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/volunteered-geographic-information","display_name":"volunteered geographic information","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-quality","display_name":"data quality","score":0.8790000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/positional-accuracy","display_name":"positional accuracy","score":0.9850000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attribute-accuracy","display_name":"attribute accuracy","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-structure","display_name":"urban structure","score":0.7379999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-distribution","display_name":"spatial distribution","score":0.6100000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bahrain","display_name":"Bahrain","score":0.578000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-south","display_name":"Global South","score":0.6919999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-scarce-regions","display_name":"data-scarce regions","score":0.6050000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-fragmentation","display_name":"urban fragmentation","score":0.4830000102519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/socioeconomic-polarization","display_name":"socioeconomic polarization","score":0.5709999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/residential-segregation","display_name":"residential segregation","score":0.6589999794960022}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.7528297901153564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57380593","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q933625","display_name":"Volunteered geographic information","level":2,"score":0.7495418787002563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147077947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1515895","display_name":"Socioeconomic status","level":3,"score":0.5347985625267029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191015642","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132459","display_name":"Fragmentation (computing)","level":2,"score":0.48457038402557373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.4736441373825073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148383697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1781695","display_name":"Regional science","level":1,"score":0.469326913356781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197352329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1093434","display_name":"Citizen science","level":2,"score":0.4310363531112671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3987366","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6658164","display_name":"Livelihood","level":3,"score":0.4208540916442871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.4162939190864563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26271046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187097","display_name":"Economic geography","level":1,"score":0.3300721049308777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.17399799823760986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.17032384872436523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.13247156143188477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.12240689992904663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.07505017518997192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118518473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Agriculture","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4018/ijagr.2020070104","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijagr.2020070104","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijagr.2020070104","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S23159541","display_name":"International Journal of Applied Geospatial Research","issn_l":"1947-9654","issn":["1947-9654","1947-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","poland-20","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320424","host_organization_name":"IGI Global","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320424"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IGI Global"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Applied Geospatial Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:igg:jagr00:v:11:y:2020:i:3:p:48-67","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://services.igi-global.com/resolvedoi/resolve.aspx?doi=10.4018/IJAGR.2020070104","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":1.0,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.4074000120162964,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.7400000095367432,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":88,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W290644847","https://openalex.org/W777747778","https://openalex.org/W1209444485","https://openalex.org/W1420421247","https://openalex.org/W1534282016","https://openalex.org/W1558966814","https://openalex.org/W1567900972","https://openalex.org/W1581541037","https://openalex.org/W1605774547","https://openalex.org/W1615350071","https://openalex.org/W1787125913","https://openalex.org/W1870353999","https://openalex.org/W1894564341","https://openalex.org/W1966348805","https://openalex.org/W1970730971","https://openalex.org/W1978169902","https://openalex.org/W1984504891","https://openalex.org/W1984604541","https://openalex.org/W1986252627","https://openalex.org/W1991336845","https://openalex.org/W1996664937","https://openalex.org/W2000390665","https://openalex.org/W2003055848","https://openalex.org/W2004665453","https://openalex.org/W2005975109","https://openalex.org/W2006480939","https://openalex.org/W2007151360","https://openalex.org/W2010026981","https://openalex.org/W2010119112","https://openalex.org/W2010857000","https://openalex.org/W2017403812","https://openalex.org/W2018354678","https://openalex.org/W2018463030","https://openalex.org/W2021848375","https://openalex.org/W2022318905","https://openalex.org/W2022664803","https://openalex.org/W2026172046","https://openalex.org/W2028968979","https://openalex.org/W2030773894","https://openalex.org/W2033995895","https://openalex.org/W2035563469","https://openalex.org/W2036747237","https://openalex.org/W2039530979","https://openalex.org/W2042713681","https://openalex.org/W2046726472","https://openalex.org/W2055238680","https://openalex.org/W2056720185","https://openalex.org/W2060692873","https://openalex.org/W2063935068","https://openalex.org/W2064946811","https://openalex.org/W2077124009","https://openalex.org/W2077780421","https://openalex.org/W2119819453","https://openalex.org/W2122767884","https://openalex.org/W2125104580","https://openalex.org/W2126891102","https://openalex.org/W2129236002","https://openalex.org/W2170122838","https://openalex.org/W2198234513","https://openalex.org/W2202958134","https://openalex.org/W2208484583","https://openalex.org/W2235606432","https://openalex.org/W2260167017","https://openalex.org/W2286780582","https://openalex.org/W2318785535","https://openalex.org/W2366340722","https://openalex.org/W2395601471","https://openalex.org/W2412667021","https://openalex.org/W2460507874","https://openalex.org/W2524288337","https://openalex.org/W2531193013","https://openalex.org/W2549412929","https://openalex.org/W2576955511","https://openalex.org/W2586673608","https://openalex.org/W2608257556","https://openalex.org/W2764035779","https://openalex.org/W2767688083","https://openalex.org/W2793186846","https://openalex.org/W2801883033","https://openalex.org/W2803317350","https://openalex.org/W2809633258","https://openalex.org/W2888938733","https://openalex.org/W2946749442","https://openalex.org/W2951857602","https://openalex.org/W3042449702","https://openalex.org/W3105046162","https://openalex.org/W3124276395","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2749184699","https://openalex.org/W2003383289","https://openalex.org/W2809633258","https://openalex.org/W2560018148","https://openalex.org/W2366340722","https://openalex.org/W4281614533","https://openalex.org/W2800040625","https://openalex.org/W2110939730","https://openalex.org/W4200002061","https://openalex.org/W607596727"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"widespread":[1],"proliferation":[2],"of":[3,6,23,31,54,60,65,69,75,93,100,106],"different":[4],"types":[5],"volunteered":[7],"geographic":[8],"information":[9],"(VGI)":[10],"is":[11,14,43],"noteworthy":[12],"as":[13,132],"its":[15],"potential":[16,131],"application":[17],"to":[18],"urban":[19,76,83,137],"studies.":[20],"However,":[21],"questions":[22,116],"data":[24,134],"quality":[25,64],"still":[26],"remain.":[27],"In":[28],"some":[29],"parts":[30],"the":[32,58,63,86,104],"Middle":[33],"East,":[34],"gated":[35,55,79,107],"communities":[36,56,108],"have":[37],"proliferated":[38],"rapidly,":[39],"but":[40],"relatively":[41,97],"little":[42],"known":[44],"about":[45,117],"their":[46],"extent":[47],"or":[48],"spatial":[49],"distribution.":[50],"This":[51],"case":[52],"study":[53],"in":[57,71,81,140],"state":[59],"Bahrain":[61],"assesses":[62],"Wikimapia,":[66],"a":[67,110,133],"form":[68],"VGI,":[70],"accurately":[72],"identifying":[73],"elements":[74],"structure":[77],"(e.g.,":[78],"communities)":[80],"an":[82],"context":[84],"from":[85,112],"Global":[87],"South.":[88],"Wikimapia":[89],"demonstrated":[90],"high":[91,98],"levels":[92,99],"positional":[94],"accuracy":[95],"and":[96,121,142],"attribute":[101],"accuracy.":[102],"Identifying":[103],"locations":[105],"provides":[109],"foundation":[111],"which":[113],"other":[114],"research":[115],"segregated":[118],"housing,":[119],"fragmentation,":[120],"socioeconomic":[122],"polarization":[123],"can":[124],"be":[125],"addressed.":[126],"These":[127],"results":[128],"highlight":[129],"Wikimapia's":[130],"source":[135],"for":[136],"research,":[138],"particularly":[139],"data-poor":[141],"non-Western/Northern":[143],"contexts.":[144]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-01T08:54:57.152042","created_date":"2020-07-02T00:00:00"}