{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3037577935","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frobt.2020.00091","title":"Interoperability Among Unmanned Maritime Vehicles: Review and First In-field Experimentation","display_name":"Interoperability Among Unmanned Maritime Vehicles: Review and First In-field Experimentation","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-07-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3037577935","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frobt.2020.00091","mag":"3037577935","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33501258","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7805912"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/frobt.2020.00091","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frobt.2020.00091","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frobt.2020.00091","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frobt.2020.00091/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2595095599","display_name":"Frontiers in Robotics and AI","issn_l":"2296-9144","issn":["2296-9144"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Robotics and AI","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frobt.2020.00091/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045093988","display_name":"Riccardo Costanzi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8600-1976","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8600-1976"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108290504","display_name":"University of Pisa","ror":"https://ror.org/03ad39j10","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Riccardo Costanzi","raw_affiliation_strings":["DII (Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione), Universit\u00e0 di Pisa, Pisa, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DII (Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione), Universit\u00e0 di Pisa, Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007622527","display_name":"Davide Fenucci","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0338-3428","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0338-3428"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197940685","display_name":"National Oceanography Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/00874hx02","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197940685"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Davide Fenucci","raw_affiliation_strings":["Marine Autonomous & Robotic Systems, National Oceanography Centre (NOC), Southampton, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Marine Autonomous & Robotic Systems, National Oceanography Centre (NOC), Southampton, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197940685"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005655028","display_name":"Vincenzo Manzari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7349-4089","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7349-4089"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108290504","display_name":"University of Pisa","ror":"https://ror.org/03ad39j10","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Vincenzo Manzari","raw_affiliation_strings":["CSSN (Centro di Supporto e Sperimentazione Navale), Italian Navy, La Spezia, Italy","DII (Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione), Universit\u00e0 di Pisa, Pisa, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CSSN (Centro di Supporto e Sperimentazione Navale), Italian Navy, La Spezia, Italy","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"DII (Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione), Universit\u00e0 di Pisa, Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079344282","display_name":"Michele Micheli","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1342391420","display_name":"NATO Centre for Maritime Research and Experimentation","ror":"https://ror.org/049z8cx69","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1342391420","https://openalex.org/I4210123720","https://openalex.org/I4210162703"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michele Micheli","raw_affiliation_strings":["NATO STO CMRE (Science & Technology Organization-Centre for Maritime Research and Experimentation), La Spezia, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NATO STO CMRE (Science & Technology Organization-Centre for Maritime Research and Experimentation), La Spezia, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1342391420"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030215845","display_name":"Luca Morlando","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1342391420","display_name":"NATO Centre for Maritime Research and Experimentation","ror":"https://ror.org/049z8cx69","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1342391420","https://openalex.org/I4210123720","https://openalex.org/I4210162703"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luca Morlando","raw_affiliation_strings":["NATO STO CMRE (Science & Technology Organization-Centre for Maritime Research and Experimentation), La Spezia, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NATO STO CMRE (Science & Technology Organization-Centre for Maritime Research and Experimentation), La Spezia, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1342391420"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061683289","display_name":"Daniele Sebino Terracciano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3790-4508","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3790-4508"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108290504","display_name":"University of Pisa","ror":"https://ror.org/03ad39j10","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniele Terracciano","raw_affiliation_strings":["CSSN (Centro di Supporto e Sperimentazione Navale), Italian Navy, La Spezia, Italy","DII (Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione), Universit\u00e0 di Pisa, Pisa, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CSSN (Centro di Supporto e Sperimentazione Navale), Italian Navy, La Spezia, Italy","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"DII (Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione), Universit\u00e0 di Pisa, Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079569776","display_name":"Andrea Caiti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5780-3299","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5780-3299"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108290504","display_name":"University of Pisa","ror":"https://ror.org/03ad39j10","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrea Caiti","raw_affiliation_strings":["DII (Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione), Universit\u00e0 di Pisa, Pisa, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DII (Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione), Universit\u00e0 di Pisa, Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041907228","display_name":"Mirko Stifani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1653-5590","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1653-5590"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mirko Stifani","raw_affiliation_strings":["CSSN (Centro di Supporto e Sperimentazione Navale), Italian Navy, La Spezia, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CSSN (Centro di Supporto e Sperimentazione Navale), Italian Navy, La Spezia, Italy","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073084319","display_name":"Alessandra Tese\u00ef","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5733-0444","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5733-0444"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1342391420","display_name":"NATO Centre for Maritime Research and Experimentation","ror":"https://ror.org/049z8cx69","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1342391420","https://openalex.org/I4210123720","https://openalex.org/I4210162703"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alessandra Tesei","raw_affiliation_strings":["NATO STO CMRE (Science & Technology Organization-Centre for Maritime Research and Experimentation), La Spezia, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NATO STO CMRE (Science & Technology Organization-Centre for Maritime Research and Experimentation), La Spezia, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1342391420"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5005655028"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"],"apc_list":{"value":1900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1900},"apc_paid":{"value":1900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1900},"fwci":0.5266,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":29,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.47826087,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"91","last_page":"91"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":0.9843999743461609,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":0.9843999743461609,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11622","display_name":"Maritime Navigation and Safety","score":0.010499999858438969,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13382","display_name":"Robotics and Automated Systems","score":0.0026000000070780516,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interoperability","display_name":"interoperability","score":0.9390000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autonomous-underwater-vehicles","display_name":"autonomous underwater vehicles","score":0.6650000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-in-the-loop","display_name":"human-in-the-loop","score":0.7110000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communication-protocols","display_name":"communication protocols","score":0.9150000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustic-modem","display_name":"acoustic modem","score":0.8690000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/system-of-systems","display_name":"systems of systems","score":0.7039999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sea-trials","display_name":"sea trials","score":0.6600000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/naval-robotics","display_name":"naval robotics","score":0.3269999921321869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trust-in-autonomous-systems","display_name":"trust in autonomous systems","score":0.6039999723434448}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20136886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749647","display_name":"Interoperability","level":2,"score":0.9098197221755981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7015505433082581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.5300058126449585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.4927530586719513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780149590","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7302742","display_name":"Reconfigurability","level":2,"score":0.4563397467136383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.41278374195098877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.3380182385444641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.317844033241272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1625666320323944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.1480366289615631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":8,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/frobt.2020.00091","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frobt.2020.00091","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frobt.2020.00091","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frobt.2020.00091/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2595095599","display_name":"Frontiers in Robotics and AI","issn_l":"2296-9144","issn":["2296-9144"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Robotics and AI","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:6735566","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC7805912","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:33501258","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33501258","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in robotics and AI","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7805912","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7805912/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Front Robot AI","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:nora.nerc.ac.uk:528486","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/528486/1/frobt-07-00091.pdf","pdf_url":"http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/528486/1/frobt-07-00091.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400758","display_name":"NERC Open Research Archive (Natural Environment Research Council)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I141816643","host_organization_name":"Natural Environment Research Council","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141816643"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Publication - Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arpi.unipi.it:11568/1051146","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frobt.2020.00091/full","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196265","display_name":"CINECA IRIS Institutial research information system (University of Pisa)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I108290504","host_organization_name":"University of Pisa","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:0ea57ba7bca243eaa00d778fcec24418","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/0ea57ba7bca243eaa00d778fcec24418","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Robotics and AI, Vol 7 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:zenodo.org:59802","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.openaccessrepository.it/record/59802","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402478","display_name":"INFM-OAR (INFN Catania)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210116497","host_organization_name":"Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Catania","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210116497"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/frobt.2020.00091","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frobt.2020.00091","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/frobt.2020.00091","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frobt.2020.00091/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2595095599","display_name":"Frontiers in Robotics and AI","issn_l":"2296-9144","issn":["2296-9144"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Robotics and AI","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3037577935.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3037577935.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":66,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W329220827","https://openalex.org/W1565303052","https://openalex.org/W1569495391","https://openalex.org/W1575265483","https://openalex.org/W1575887258","https://openalex.org/W1593960090","https://openalex.org/W1607802454","https://openalex.org/W1929264334","https://openalex.org/W1965543506","https://openalex.org/W1967167003","https://openalex.org/W1968069826","https://openalex.org/W1976726656","https://openalex.org/W1979589672","https://openalex.org/W1999008563","https://openalex.org/W2003033116","https://openalex.org/W2026227703","https://openalex.org/W2026491340","https://openalex.org/W2041135330","https://openalex.org/W2085851062","https://openalex.org/W2086743142","https://openalex.org/W2092079436","https://openalex.org/W2095618043","https://openalex.org/W2099048740","https://openalex.org/W2100704341","https://openalex.org/W2107737506","https://openalex.org/W2107989834","https://openalex.org/W2137489283","https://openalex.org/W2147434865","https://openalex.org/W2147539438","https://openalex.org/W2162201315","https://openalex.org/W2164367123","https://openalex.org/W2170191580","https://openalex.org/W2325976453","https://openalex.org/W2334883823","https://openalex.org/W2507516076","https://openalex.org/W2507772403","https://openalex.org/W2527970903","https://openalex.org/W2532430720","https://openalex.org/W2532988808","https://openalex.org/W2548449119","https://openalex.org/W2561909116","https://openalex.org/W2566021196","https://openalex.org/W2566622041","https://openalex.org/W2595092153","https://openalex.org/W2601194025","https://openalex.org/W2650017659","https://openalex.org/W2724476264","https://openalex.org/W2737470908","https://openalex.org/W2745894514","https://openalex.org/W2767535632","https://openalex.org/W2779635900","https://openalex.org/W2792504868","https://openalex.org/W2793794744","https://openalex.org/W2897477019","https://openalex.org/W2899670830","https://openalex.org/W2904754627","https://openalex.org/W2905345155","https://openalex.org/W2910960702","https://openalex.org/W2917340337","https://openalex.org/W2917546232","https://openalex.org/W2947699688","https://openalex.org/W4237353607","https://openalex.org/W4247201983","https://openalex.org/W4247455087","https://openalex.org/W4248779511","https://openalex.org/W6926311558"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4376139506","https://openalex.org/W7082972314","https://openalex.org/W2766410299","https://openalex.org/W2531296222","https://openalex.org/W3153346072","https://openalex.org/W4312553020","https://openalex.org/W7165893378","https://openalex.org/W4410607417","https://openalex.org/W2462204269","https://openalex.org/W7116907232"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Complex":[0],"maritime":[1],"missions,":[2],"both":[3,53],"above":[4],"and":[5,18,46,56,88,99,120,223,256,264,296,339],"below":[6],"the":[7,62,68,77,102,125,136,145,154,170,175,182,186,194,197,201,207,229,232,250,278,286,311,349],"surface,":[8],"have":[9],"traditionally":[10],"been":[11,242],"carried":[12],"out":[13],"by":[14,66,244,310,337],"manned":[15],"surface":[16],"ships":[17],"submarines":[19],"equipped":[20],"with":[21,135,160,220],"advanced":[22,298],"sensor":[23],"systems.":[24],"Unmanned":[25],"Maritime":[26,254],"Vehicles":[27],"(UMVs)":[28],"are":[29,111,172],"increasingly":[30],"demonstrating":[31],"their":[32,41,304],"potential":[33,351],"for":[34,94,139,169,253,277],"improving":[35],"existing":[36],"naval":[37],"capabilities":[38],"due":[39],"to":[40,64,113,268,301,347],"rapid":[42],"deployability,":[43],"easy":[44],"scalability,":[45],"high":[47,216],"reconfigurability,":[48],"offering":[49],"a":[50,79,151,215,221,235,270,289,330],"reduction":[51],"in":[52,107,180,200,280,285],"operational":[54],"time":[55],"cost.":[57],"In":[58,76,142,316],"addition,":[59],"they":[60],"mitigate":[61],"risk":[63],"personnel":[65],"leaving":[67],"man":[69],"far-from-the-risk":[70],"but":[71],"in-the-loop":[72],"of":[73,153,178,188,196,218,226,291,313,321,352],"decision":[74],"making.":[75],"long-term,":[78],"clear":[80],"interoperability":[81,146,179,189,211,240,279],"framework":[82,177],"between":[83],"unmanned":[84],"systems,":[85],"human":[86,198,314,342],"operators,":[87],"legacy":[89],"platforms":[90],"will":[91,324,344],"be":[92,133,345],"crucial":[93],"effective":[95],"joint":[96],"operations":[97],"planning":[98],"execution.":[100],"However,":[101],"present":[103],"multi-vendor":[104],"multi-protocol":[105],"solutions":[106,137],"multi-domain":[108],"UMVs":[109,191,248,323],"activities":[110],"hard":[112],"interoperate":[114],"without":[115],"common":[116],"mission":[117],"control":[118],"interfaces":[119],"communication":[121],"protocol":[122],"schemes.":[123],"Furthermore,":[124],"underwater":[126],"domain":[127],"presents":[128],"significant":[129],"challenges":[130],"that":[131,210],"cannot":[132],"satisfied":[134],"developed":[138],"terrestrial":[140],"networks.":[141],"this":[143],"paper,":[144,287],"topic":[147],"is":[148,212,307],"discussed":[149],"blending":[150],"review":[152,208],"technological":[155],"growth":[156],"from":[157,206,234],"2000":[158],"onwards":[159],"recent":[161],"authors'":[162],"in-field":[163,294],"experience;":[164],"finally,":[165],"important":[166],"research":[167],"directions":[168],"future":[171,297],"given.":[173],"Within":[174],"broad":[176],"general,":[181],"paper":[183],"focuses":[184],"on":[185],"aspect":[187],"among":[190],"not":[192],"neglecting":[193],"role":[195],"operator":[199],"loop.":[202],"The":[203],"picture":[204],"emerging":[205],"demonstrates":[209],"currently":[213],"receiving":[214],"level":[217],"attention":[219],"great":[222],"diverse":[224],"deal":[225],"effort.":[227],"Besides,":[228],"manuscript":[230],"describes":[231],"experience":[233,295],"sea":[236],"trial":[237],"exercise,":[238],"where":[239],"has":[241],"demonstrated":[243],"integrating":[245],"heterogeneous":[246],"autonomous":[247,322,354],"into":[249],"NATO":[251],"Centre":[252],"Research":[255],"Experimentation":[257],"(CMRE)":[258],"network,":[259],"using":[260],"different":[261],"robotic":[262],"middlewares":[263],"acoustic":[265],"modem":[266],"technologies":[267,299],"implement":[269],"multistatic":[271],"active":[272],"sonar":[273],"system.":[274],"A":[275],"perspective":[276],"marine":[281],"robotics":[282],"missions":[283],"emerges":[284],"through":[288],"discussion":[290],"current":[292],"capabilities,":[293],"unique":[300],"UMVs.":[302,355],"Nonetheless,":[303],"application":[305],"spread":[306],"slowed":[308],"down":[309],"lack":[312],"confidence.":[315],"fact,":[317],"an":[318],"interoperable":[319],"system-of-systems":[320],"require":[325],"operators":[326],"involved":[327],"only":[328],"at":[329],"supervisory":[331],"level.":[332],"As":[333],"trust":[334],"develops,":[335],"endorsed":[336],"stable":[338],"mature":[340],"interoperability,":[341],"monitoring":[343],"diminished":[346],"exploit":[348],"tremendous":[350],"fully":[353]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2016-08-23T00:00:00"}
