{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3037046488","doi":"https://doi.org/10.36103/ijas.v47i2.586","title":"ROLE OF PROLINE ACID IN IMPROVING SUNFLOWER YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENTS UNDER DEFICIT CONDITIONS WATER","display_name":"ROLE OF PROLINE ACID IN IMPROVING SUNFLOWER YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENTS UNDER DEFICIT CONDITIONS WATER","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-04-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3037046488","doi":"https://doi.org/10.36103/ijas.v47i2.586","mag":"3037046488"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.36103/ijas.v47i2.586","doi":"https://doi.org/10.36103/ijas.v47i2.586","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.36103/ijas.v47i2.586","pdf_url":"http://jcoagri.uobaghdad.edu.iq/index.php/intro/article/download/586/480","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764746166","display_name":"IRAQI JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES","issn_l":"0075-0530","issn":["0075-0530","2410-0862"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","poland-20","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319170","host_organization_name":"University of Baghdad","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319170"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Baghdad"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IRAQI JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"http://jcoagri.uobaghdad.edu.iq/index.php/intro/article/download/586/480","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5097393364","display_name":"Abass Alag","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135120706","display_name":"University of Baghdad","ror":"https://ror.org/007f1da21","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135120706"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Abass & Alag","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Field Crops -Coll. of Agric. -Univ. of Baghdad"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Field Crops -Coll. of Agric. -Univ. of Baghdad","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135120706"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5097393364"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135120706"],"apc_list":{"value":200,"currency":"USD","value_usd":200},"apc_paid":{"value":200,"currency":"USD","value_usd":200},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"47","issue":"2","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12742","display_name":"Sunflower and Safflower Cultivation","score":0.9887999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12742","display_name":"Sunflower and Safflower Cultivation","score":0.9887999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11404","display_name":"Irrigation Practices and Water Management","score":0.008899999782443047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10014","display_name":"Plant Stress Responses and Tolerance","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sunflower","display_name":"sunflower","score":0.9729999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deficit-irrigation","display_name":"deficit irrigation","score":0.890999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-use-efficiency","display_name":"water use efficiency","score":0.9269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seed-yield","display_name":"seed yield","score":0.8899999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/yield-components","display_name":"yield components","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relative-water-content","display_name":"relative water content","score":0.7879999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leaf-nitrogen-content","display_name":"leaf nitrogen content","score":0.7080000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/100-seed-weight","display_name":"100-seed weight","score":0.8560000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-saving","display_name":"water saving","score":0.34200000762939453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drought-stress-mitigation","display_name":"drought stress mitigation","score":0.5059999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plant-growth-regulators","display_name":"plant growth regulators","score":0.6539999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/foliar-application","display_name":"foliar application","score":0.5040000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relative-water-deficit","display_name":"relative water deficit","score":0.33899998664855957}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144938864","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927286","display_name":"Randomized block design","level":2,"score":0.8224190473556519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779197568","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423986","display_name":"Sunflower","level":2,"score":0.7758551836013794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168741863","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q777671","display_name":"Sowing","level":2,"score":0.6882269382476807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88862950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11453","display_name":"Irrigation","level":2,"score":0.5863845348358154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779815552","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484583","display_name":"Proline","level":3,"score":0.5347994565963745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134121241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899301","display_name":"Yield (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.5085409879684448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75639521","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1283519","display_name":"Field experiment","level":2,"score":0.4827251136302948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.4685678780078888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137660486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q732240","display_name":"Growing season","level":2,"score":0.463054895401001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776325102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2551340","display_name":"Water-use efficiency","level":3,"score":0.4251849353313446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144027150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48803","display_name":"Horticulture","level":1,"score":0.3919329047203064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3767879605293274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.3131922483444214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C515207424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8066","display_name":"Amino acid","level":2,"score":0.09607276320457458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.36103/ijas.v47i2.586","doi":"https://doi.org/10.36103/ijas.v47i2.586","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.36103/ijas.v47i2.586","pdf_url":"http://jcoagri.uobaghdad.edu.iq/index.php/intro/article/download/586/480","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764746166","display_name":"IRAQI JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES","issn_l":"0075-0530","issn":["0075-0530","2410-0862"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","poland-20","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319170","host_organization_name":"University of Baghdad","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319170"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Baghdad"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IRAQI JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.36103/ijas.v47i2.586","doi":"https://doi.org/10.36103/ijas.v47i2.586","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.36103/ijas.v47i2.586","pdf_url":"http://jcoagri.uobaghdad.edu.iq/index.php/intro/article/download/586/480","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764746166","display_name":"IRAQI JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES","issn_l":"0075-0530","issn":["0075-0530","2410-0862"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","poland-20","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319170","host_organization_name":"University of Baghdad","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319170"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Baghdad"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IRAQI JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3037046488.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3037046488.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W299248738","https://openalex.org/W2046354919","https://openalex.org/W2069687969","https://openalex.org/W2125132110","https://openalex.org/W2130232713","https://openalex.org/W2159271912","https://openalex.org/W2183087824","https://openalex.org/W2346882642","https://openalex.org/W2970019879","https://openalex.org/W3009446854","https://openalex.org/W3092265883","https://openalex.org/W3094442004","https://openalex.org/W4252443526","https://openalex.org/W6894177648"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7214987935","https://openalex.org/W2745325827","https://openalex.org/W4295135454","https://openalex.org/W2898455477","https://openalex.org/W2147514370","https://openalex.org/W4220695594","https://openalex.org/W3108029144","https://openalex.org/W2080231435","https://openalex.org/W2526814492","https://openalex.org/W2883216931"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"field":[1],"study":[2,30],"was":[3,283],"conducted":[4],"during":[5],"the":[6,14,31,125,131,134,157,181,187,207,220,247,251,277,345,348],"spring":[7,174,224],"and":[8,37,49,85,107,128,161,168,175,217,231,295,315],"autumn":[9,176,237],"seasons":[10,177,200,258,309],"of":[11,17,22,27,33,39,53,69,82,90,103,130,142,154,183,186,209,246,262,268,272,338,347,354,370,383],"2014":[12],"at":[13],"experimental":[15],"farm":[16],"Field":[18],"Crop":[19],"Department,":[20],"College":[21],"Agriculture":[23],"(Abo-Ghraib)":[24],"-":[25],"University":[26],"Baghdad,":[28],"to":[29,138,274,278,367,380],"effect":[32,321],"Irrigation":[34,77,242],"deficiency":[35],"quantities":[36],"concentrations":[38,102,261],"Proline":[40,263,273,316,374],"acid":[41,101,264,317,375],"on":[42,322],"yield":[43,163,204,213,291,326],",":[44,87,170,228,234],"its":[45],"components,":[46],"water":[47,50,145,188,253,296,303,341,384],"consumptive":[48],"use":[51,254,297],"efficiency":[52,255,298],"sunflower":[54,371],"(Helianthus":[55],"annus":[56],"L.":[57],")":[58],"for":[59,133,173,198,214,223,236,256,307],"Luleo":[60],"hybrid.":[61],"Randomized":[62],"Complete":[63],"Block":[64],"Design":[65],"(RCBD)":[66],"in":[67,149,156,211,280,329,336,361,365],"arrangement":[68],"a":[70,96,113,260,319,358],"split-plot":[71],"with":[72,240,305,373,376],"three":[73],"replications":[74],"were":[75,93,110,226],"used.":[76],"treatments,":[78],"control":[79,91,126,132,221,248,306],"(depletion":[80],"50%":[81,88,139,216],"available":[83,355],"water)":[84,356],"60%":[86,129,245],"40%":[89,185,218],"treatment,":[92],"assigned":[94,111],"as":[95,112],"main":[97],"plots.":[98],"while":[99],"proline":[100],"0,":[104],"30,":[105],"60":[106,377],"90":[108],"mg.L-1":[109],"subplots.":[114],"The":[115],"results":[116],"showed":[117,318],"that":[118,335],"there":[119],"is":[120,191],"no":[121],"significant":[122,359],"differences":[123],"between":[124,313],"treatment":[127,222,243,369],"period":[135],"from":[136,219],"planting":[137],"flowering,":[140],"number":[141,153],"leaves,":[143,150],"relative":[144],"content,":[146],"nitrogen":[147],"concentration":[148],"fertilization":[151,281],"percentage,":[152],"seeds":[155,162,212,325],"head,100":[158],"seed":[159,286,290,363],"weight":[160],"reaching":[164],"3.90,":[165],"2.46":[166],"t.ha-1":[167,172,294],"3.78":[169],"2.41":[171],"respectively.":[178,259],"which":[179,190],"indicates":[180],"possibility":[182,368],"saving":[184],"consumption":[189],"estimated":[192],"1920.00,":[193],"2960.00":[194],"m3.":[195],"ha-1.":[196],"Season-1":[197],"two":[199,308],"respectively":[201,230,310],"without":[202,357],"any":[203],"reduction.":[205],"While":[206],"percentage":[208,282],"decline":[210],"treatments":[215,249],"season":[225,238],"14.61%":[227],"19.74%":[229],"21.95":[232],"%":[233,352],"33.33%":[235],"comparing":[239,304],"control.":[241],"40%,":[244],"gave":[250,276],"best":[252],"both":[257,330],"affect":[265],"significantly":[266,320],"most":[267],"studied":[269],"traits.":[270],"Increasing":[271],"60mg.L-1":[275],"increase":[279],"\u064870.2081.%":[284],"100":[285],"weight7.12":[287],"\u06487.52":[288],"gm,":[289],"3.75,":[292],"2.21":[293],"0.84":[299],"\u06480.29":[300],"kg":[301],"seed.m-3":[302],".The":[311],"interaction":[312],"irrigation":[314,340,350],"all":[323],"characteristics":[324],"components":[327],"traits":[328],"seasons.":[331],"We":[332],"therefore":[333],"recommend":[334],"case":[337],"limited":[339],"by":[342,344],"%60":[343],"need":[346],"full":[349],"(50":[351],"depletion":[353],"decrease":[360],"product":[362],"yield,":[364],"addition":[366],"plants":[372],"mg":[378],".L-1":[379],"improvement":[381],"capacity":[382],"stress.":[385]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2020-07-02T00:00:00"}