{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3036838244","doi":null,"title":"Practice tests: do they work? Can they work better?","display_name":"Practice tests: do they work? Can they work better?","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3036838244","mag":"3036838244"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:doras.dcu.ie:24448","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7460-7759>,","pdf_url":"https://doras.dcu.ie/24448/1/Karakolidis%20et%20al%20%282017%29_Practice%20Tests.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401511","display_name":"Dublin City University Open Access Institutional Repository (Dublin City University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I42934936","host_organization_name":"Dublin City University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I42934936"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doras.dcu.ie/24448/1/Karakolidis%20et%20al%20%282017%29_Practice%20Tests.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066449710","display_name":"Anastasios Karakolidis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7460-7759","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7460-7759"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anastasios Karakolidis","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7460-7759","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Michael O\u2019Leary","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael O\u2019Leary","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055732034","display_name":"Darina Scully","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6076-717X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6076-717X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Darina Scully","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10467","display_name":"Psychometric Methodologies and Testing","score":0.4375,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10467","display_name":"Psychometric Methodologies and Testing","score":0.4375,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13853","display_name":"Teacher Education and Assessments","score":0.20890000462532043,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12884","display_name":"Educational Assessment and Pedagogy","score":0.19470000267028809,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/practice-tests","display_name":"practice tests","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/certification-tests","display_name":"certification tests","score":0.5569999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exam-preparation-materials","display_name":"exam preparation materials","score":0.7639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test-specifications","display_name":"test specifications","score":0.5730000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test-planning","display_name":"test planning","score":0.3479999899864197}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46304622","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q374814","display_name":"Certification","level":2,"score":0.8109406232833862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781234862","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6543077","display_name":"Licensure","level":2,"score":0.7567652463912964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.7160344123840332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.6321613192558289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776505523","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4785468","display_name":"Plan (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.4657728374004364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4535353183746338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776034101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1509347","display_name":"Commission","level":2,"score":0.44999703764915466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.42305970191955566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.3424417972564697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.34189701080322266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.21859607100486755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1755809783935547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.17537984251976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.13485723733901978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:doras.dcu.ie:24448","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7460-7759>,","pdf_url":"https://doras.dcu.ie/24448/1/Karakolidis%20et%20al%20%282017%29_Practice%20Tests.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401511","display_name":"Dublin City University Open Access Institutional Repository (Dublin City University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I42934936","host_organization_name":"Dublin City University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I42934936"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:http://www.rian.ie/187818/","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://doras.dcu.ie/24448/","pdf_url":"http://doras.dcu.ie/24448/","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400033","display_name":"Arrow@dit (Dublin Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210144925","host_organization_name":"Technological University Dublin","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144925"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Karakolidis, Anastasios ORCID: 0000-0002-7460-7759 <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7460-7759>, O'Leary, Michael ORCID: 0000-0002-6771-904X <https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6771-904X> and Scully, Darina (2017) Practice tests: do they work? Can they work better? CLEAR Exam Review, 25 (1). pp. 12-16. ISSN 1076-8025","raw_type":"Other"},{"id":"mag:3036838244","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://doras.dcu.ie/24448/","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:doras.dcu.ie:24448","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7460-7759>,","pdf_url":"https://doras.dcu.ie/24448/1/Karakolidis%20et%20al%20%282017%29_Practice%20Tests.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401511","display_name":"Dublin City University Open Access Institutional Repository (Dublin City University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I42934936","host_organization_name":"Dublin City University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I42934936"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3036838244.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3036838244.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W192680528","https://openalex.org/W1849019617","https://openalex.org/W1978792960","https://openalex.org/W1997706747","https://openalex.org/W2011059286","https://openalex.org/W2013390606","https://openalex.org/W2056938988","https://openalex.org/W2084802167","https://openalex.org/W2092354893","https://openalex.org/W2097156545","https://openalex.org/W2113476238","https://openalex.org/W2133705455","https://openalex.org/W2141212527","https://openalex.org/W2143805697","https://openalex.org/W2315021718","https://openalex.org/W2510406269"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3082471213","https://openalex.org/W3025770084","https://openalex.org/W2945316150","https://openalex.org/W2953433830","https://openalex.org/W4240546307","https://openalex.org/W7170235110","https://openalex.org/W2399891784","https://openalex.org/W628501182","https://openalex.org/W7100567317","https://openalex.org/W2407449487"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Within":[0],"the":[1,30,61,64,87,122,144,179,185,203],"diverse":[2],"field":[3],"of":[4,9,23,29,63,83,97,218],"certification":[5,32],"and":[6,18,33,101,133,156,220],"licensure,":[7],"millions":[8],"tests":[10,35,40,43,93,114,120,158,164],"are":[11,58,74,94,134,150,197],"administered":[12],"each":[13],"year":[14],"by":[15,184],"non-governmental":[16],"bodies":[17],"state":[19],"agencies.":[20],"A":[21],"perusal":[22],"relevant":[24],"websites":[25],"suggests":[26],"that":[27,124,187],"most":[28],"major":[31],"licensure":[34],"have":[36,159],"associated":[37],"sample\\nitems,":[38],"practice":[39,163,219],"and/or":[41],"preparatory":[42],"(prep":[44],"tests)":[45],"either":[46,166],"in":[47,60,103,210],"hard":[48],"copy":[49],"or":[50,177,181,193],"online":[51],"available":[52],"to":[53,77,108,128,136,160,213,215],"potential":[54],"candidates.":[55],"All":[56],"three":[57],"described":[59],"standards":[62],"National":[65],"Commission":[66],"for":[67,143,169,175,183,201],"Certifying":[68],"Agencies":[69],"(NCCA,":[70],"2016).":[71],"Sample":[72],"items":[73,85,100,149],"offered":[75,168],"simply":[76],"give\\npotential":[78],"test":[79,88,111,130],"candidates":[80,138],"an":[81],"idea":[82],"what":[84],"on":[86,121],"may":[89],"look":[90],"like.":[91],"Practice":[92],"made":[95],"up":[96],"numerous":[98],"sample":[99,148],"may,":[102],"some":[104],"instances,":[105],"be":[106,116,161,167],"constructed":[107,127],"match":[109,129],"a":[110,140],"plan.":[112],"Prep":[113],"can":[115,165],"distinguished":[117],"from":[118],"practices":[119],"basis":[123],"they":[125],"are\\nalways":[126],"specifications":[131],"closely,":[132],"used":[135,209],"provide":[137],"with":[139],"predicted":[141],"score":[142],"real":[145],"test.":[146],"While":[147],"usually":[151],"provided":[152],"at":[153],"no":[154],"cost":[155],"prep":[157],"purchased,":[162],"free":[170],"(often":[171],"by\\nthe":[172],"organisation":[173],"responsible":[174],"setting":[176],"administering":[178],"test1\\n)":[180],"charged":[182],"entities":[186],"developed":[188],"them":[189],"(the":[190],"certification/licencing":[191],"authority2":[192],"other":[194],"organisations3).\\nThese":[195],"distinctions":[196],"worth":[198],"noting;":[199],"however,":[200],"simplicity,":[202],"general":[204],"term":[205],"\u2018practice":[206],"tests\u2019":[207],"is":[208],"this":[211],"paper":[212],"refer":[214],"various":[216],"types":[217],"preparation":[221],"materials.":[222]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2020-06-25T00:00:00"}