{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3036788934","doi":"https://doi.org/10.25007/ajnu.v9n2a525","title":"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 (\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629)","display_name":"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 (\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629)","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-06-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3036788934","doi":"https://doi.org/10.25007/ajnu.v9n2a525","mag":"3036788934"},"language":"ar","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.25007/ajnu.v9n2a525","doi":"https://doi.org/10.25007/ajnu.v9n2a525","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.25007/ajnu.v9n2a525","pdf_url":"https://journals.nawroz.edu.krd/index.php/ajnu/article/download/525/422","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195848","display_name":"Academic Journal of Nawroz University","issn_l":"2520-789X","issn":["2520-789X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210146391","host_organization_name":"Nawroz University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210146391"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Academic Journal of Nawroz University","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://journals.nawroz.edu.krd/index.php/ajnu/article/download/525/422","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074710230","display_name":"Ahmad N. Taha","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I6033180","display_name":"University of Duhok","ror":"https://ror.org/02g07ds81","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I6033180"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmad N. Taha","raw_affiliation_strings":["\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u0647\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0631\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u0647\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0631\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6033180"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045209960","display_name":"Faris Ali Jangeer","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210146391","display_name":"Nawroz University","ror":"https://ror.org/04gp75d48","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210146391"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Faris Ali Jangeer","raw_affiliation_strings":["\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0632\u060c \u0627\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0632\u060c \u0627\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210146391"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.10235186,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"2","first_page":"1","last_page":"1"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11003","display_name":"Disability Rights and Representation","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11003","display_name":"Disability Rights and Representation","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14259","display_name":"Legal Rights and Human Rights","score":0.0008999999845400453,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13170","display_name":"Discrimination and Equality Law","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/people-with-disabilities","display_name":"people with disabilities","score":0.8080000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disability-law","display_name":"disability law","score":0.47999998927116394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iraqi-legislation","display_name":"Iraqi law","score":0.722000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/international-human-rights-treaties","display_name":"human rights treaties","score":0.7440000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/civil-and-political-rights","display_name":"civil and political rights","score":0.8309999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-social-and-cultural-rights","display_name":"economic, social and cultural rights","score":0.9100000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/legal-gaps","display_name":"legislative gaps","score":0.4569999873638153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iraq","display_name":"Iraq","score":0.5320000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kurdistan-region","display_name":"Iraqi Kurdistan","score":0.7450000047683716}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.25805091857910156}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.25007/ajnu.v9n2a525","doi":"https://doi.org/10.25007/ajnu.v9n2a525","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.25007/ajnu.v9n2a525","pdf_url":"https://journals.nawroz.edu.krd/index.php/ajnu/article/download/525/422","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195848","display_name":"Academic Journal of Nawroz University","issn_l":"2520-789X","issn":["2520-789X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210146391","host_organization_name":"Nawroz University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210146391"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Academic Journal of Nawroz University","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.25007/ajnu.v9n2a525","doi":"https://doi.org/10.25007/ajnu.v9n2a525","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.25007/ajnu.v9n2a525","pdf_url":"https://journals.nawroz.edu.krd/index.php/ajnu/article/download/525/422","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210195848","display_name":"Academic Journal of Nawroz University","issn_l":"2520-789X","issn":["2520-789X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210146391","host_organization_name":"Nawroz University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210146391"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Academic Journal of Nawroz University","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9629999995231628,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"},{"score":0.8046000003814697,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"},{"score":0.4000000059604645,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3036788934.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3036788934.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3083552617","https://openalex.org/W4396736883","https://openalex.org/W7216926484","https://openalex.org/W4380354143","https://openalex.org/W4280538071","https://openalex.org/W4401188372","https://openalex.org/W4390845090","https://openalex.org/W7117473526","https://openalex.org/W2985592167","https://openalex.org/W3039555453"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627\u064b":[0],"\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629":[1],"\u0630\u0648\u064a":[2,64,111,128],"\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a":[3,65,112,165,177],"\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629":[4,113,131,146],"\u0627\u0644\u0649":[5,57,155,184],"\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644":[6,46],"\u0639\u0644\u0649":[7,47,84,108,118],"\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631":[8],"\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u060c":[9],"\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629":[10],"\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627":[11],"\u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644":[12],"\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0645":[13],"\u0645\u0639":[14,53,99,137,194],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u060c":[15],"\u0648\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641":[16],"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0621":[17],"\u0639\u0646\u0647\u0645":[18],"\u0645\u0646":[19,23,38,51,80,122,186],"\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621":[20],"\u0627\u0635\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0645\u060c":[21],"\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0627":[22],"\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629":[24],"\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645":[25],"\u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644":[26,97],"\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0645":[27],"\u0648\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645\u060c":[28],"\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627":[29],"\u064a\u062a\u0645":[30],"\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627":[31],"\u0639\u0646":[32,143],"\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642":[33],"\u0633\u0646":[34],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a":[35,73,115,138],"\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629":[36],"\u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c":[37],"\u0627\u062c\u0644":[39],"\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642":[40],"\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629":[41],"\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629":[42],"\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627":[43],"\u0627\u0644\u0627":[44],"\u0648\u0647\u064a":[45],"\u0642\u062f\u0631":[48],"\u0648\u0644\u0648":[49],"\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a":[50],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u062a":[52],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646":[54],"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u064a\u0646.":[55],"\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0627\u064b":[56],"\u0630\u0644\u0643":[58],"\u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644":[59],"\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b":[60,154],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645":[61],"\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a":[62],"\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642":[63,102],"\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u060c":[66,166],"\u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643":[67],"\u0628\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f":[68],"\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642":[69,110],"\u0647\u0630\u0647":[70,202],"\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0629":[71,203],"\u0648\u0641\u0642":[72,114],"\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630\u0629":[74],"\u0641\u064a":[75,157,168,204],"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642":[76,205],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a":[77],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0643\u0648\u0643":[78],"\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c":[79],"\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644":[81,123],"\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0637":[82],"\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621":[83],"\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a":[85],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f":[86],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629":[87],"\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643":[88],"\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646":[89],"\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646":[90],"\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0644":[91],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0631":[92],"\u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c":[93],"\u0648\u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646":[94],"\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635":[95],"\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629":[96],"\u064a\u0646\u0633\u062c\u0645":[98],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631":[100],"\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629":[101,145],"\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646.":[103],"\u0648\u0628\u0645\u0627":[104],"\u0627\u0646":[105],"\u0628\u062d\u062b\u0646\u0627":[106],"\u064a\u0646\u0635\u0628":[107],"\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f":[109],"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c":[116],"\u0641\u0633\u0646\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f":[117],"\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c":[119],"\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a":[120],"\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646":[121],"\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644":[124],"\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635":[125,191],"\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646":[126],"\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629":[127],"\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0629":[129],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a":[130],"\u0631\u0642\u0645":[132],"(38)":[133],"\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629":[134],"2013\u060c":[135],"\u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627":[136],"\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649":[139],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629":[140],"\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u060c":[141],"\u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627":[142],"\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a":[144],"\u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643":[147],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a":[148],"\u0627\u0646\u0636\u0645\u062a":[149],"\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627":[150],"\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629":[151],"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642.":[152],"\u064a\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0645":[153],"\u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646\u060c":[156],"\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644":[158],"\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0646":[159],"\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642":[160],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629":[161],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629":[162],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629":[163],"\u0644\u0630\u0648\u064a":[164,176],"\u0623\u0645\u0627":[167],"\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a":[169],"\u062a\u0645":[170],"\u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635\u0647":[171],"\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642":[172],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629":[173],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629":[174],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629":[175],"\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629.":[178],"\u0648\u0641\u064a":[179],"\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0645":[180],"\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644":[181],"\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0627\u0646":[182],"\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644":[183],"\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629":[185],"\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a":[187],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a":[188],"\u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627":[189],"\u064a\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d":[190],"\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629":[192],"\u062a\u0646\u0633\u062c\u0645":[193],"\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a":[195],"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631":[196],"\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b":[197],"\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642":[198],"\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629":[199],"\u0648\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629":[200],"\u0628\u062d\u0642":[201],"\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645":[206],"\u0643\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646.":[207]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-07T09:51:55.459714","created_date":"2020-06-25T00:00:00"}