{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3036719675","doi":null,"title":"Modelling helium markets.","display_name":"Modelling helium markets.","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-08-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3036719675","mag":"3036719675"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:3036719675","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://iifiir.org/fr/fridoc/23860","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306512699","display_name":"ICR 2007. Refrigeration Creates the Future. Proceedings of the 22<sup>nd </sup>IIR International Congress of Refrigeration.","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ICR 2007. Refrigeration Creates the Future. Proceedings of the 22<sup>nd </sup>IIR International Congress of Refrigeration.","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008892394","display_name":"Zhiming Cai","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiming Cai","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111378238","display_name":"Richard H. Clarke","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richard H. Clarke","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Nicholas Ward","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2792-8082","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2792-8082"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nicholas Ward","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2792-8082","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.63918503,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13190","display_name":"Engineering and Environmental Studies","score":0.4050000011920929,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2103","display_name":"Fuel Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13190","display_name":"Engineering and Environmental Studies","score":0.4050000011920929,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2103","display_name":"Fuel Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11810","display_name":"Complex Systems and Decision Making","score":0.16429999470710754,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12639","display_name":"Global Energy and Sustainability Research","score":0.053300000727176666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/helium-resources","display_name":"helium resources","score":0.5839999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/helium-depletion","display_name":"helium depletion","score":0.6679999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/market-structure","display_name":"market structure","score":0.7009999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/system-dynamics-modeling","display_name":"system dynamics modeling","score":0.7549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/helium-shortage","display_name":"helium shortage","score":0.6520000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryogenic-engineering","display_name":"cryogenic engineering","score":0.5680000185966492}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C546029482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q560","display_name":"Helium","level":2,"score":0.8401788473129272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66204764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q219416","display_name":"Sustainability","level":2,"score":0.608884334564209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194051981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1337691","display_name":"Economic shortage","level":3,"score":0.4558199644088745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.33347588777542114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.17661544680595398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184779094","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26383","display_name":"Atomic physics","level":1,"score":0.1273956298828125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.07918071746826172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.07879313826560974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:3036719675","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://iifiir.org/fr/fridoc/23860","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306512699","display_name":"ICR 2007. Refrigeration Creates the Future. Proceedings of the 22<sup>nd </sup>IIR International Congress of Refrigeration.","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ICR 2007. Refrigeration Creates the Future. Proceedings of the 22<sup>nd </sup>IIR International Congress of Refrigeration.","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2779687896","https://openalex.org/W2025864410","https://openalex.org/W3080349416","https://openalex.org/W4411263109","https://openalex.org/W4243929431","https://openalex.org/W1991276567","https://openalex.org/W2318154021","https://openalex.org/W2493515301","https://openalex.org/W2772180925","https://openalex.org/W1574234804"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Currently,":[0],"natural":[1],"gas":[2],"is":[3,55,112],"the":[4,24,39,49,62,68,101,121,152,158],"only":[5],"economic":[6],"source":[7],"of":[8,28,41,52,70,86,123,154],"helium":[9,34,44,53,63,87,90,105,124,131,155],"supply.":[10],"Many":[11],"high":[12],"technology":[13],"industries":[14],"have":[15],"been":[16],"developing":[17],"new":[18],"commercial":[19],"applications,":[20],"which":[21,142],"depend":[22],"on":[23],"unique":[25],"physical":[26],"properties":[27],"helium,":[29],"thus":[30],"leading":[31],"to":[32,79,100,119,126,136,150],"ever-increasing":[33],"consumption":[35],"and":[36,65,93,96,114,135,140,148],"potentially":[37],"accelerating":[38],"depletion":[40],"finite":[42],"terrestrial":[43],"resources.":[45],"As":[46],"a":[47,56],"result,":[48],"long-term":[50,103],"sustainability":[51,122],"resources":[54,88],"key":[57],"issue":[58],"for":[59,67,75],"players":[60],"in":[61,157],"market":[64,94,132],"critical":[66],"development":[69],"helium-based":[71],"technologies":[72,92],"such":[73],"as,":[74],"instance,":[76],"those":[77],"related":[78],"cryo-engineering.":[80],"This":[81],"paper":[82],"presents":[83],"an":[84],"overview":[85],"constraints,":[89],"production":[91],"structure,":[95],"introduces":[97],"issues":[98],"central":[99],"wholesale":[102],"contracted":[104],"market.":[106],"A":[107],"system":[108],"dynamics":[109,133],"simulation":[110],"model":[111],"outlined,":[113],"it":[115],"will":[116],"be":[117,144],"used":[118],"investigate":[120],"resources,":[125],"provide":[127],"insights":[128],"into":[129],"future":[130],"behaviour,":[134],"propose":[137],"corresponding":[138],"policies":[139],"strategies":[141],"might":[143],"followed":[145],"by":[146],"helium-producers":[147],"helium-users":[149],"mitigate":[151],"risks":[153],"shortage":[156],"future.":[159]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-27T08:07:27.782135","created_date":"2020-06-25T00:00:00"}