{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3036302244","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2514/1.j059428","title":"Controlling Flow Separation on a Thick Airfoil Using Backward Traveling Waves","display_name":"Controlling Flow Separation on a Thick Airfoil Using Backward Traveling Waves","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-06-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3036302244","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2514/1.j059428","mag":"3036302244"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2514/1.j059428","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2514/1.j059428","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2514/1.j059428","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S53336109","display_name":"AIAA Journal","issn_l":"0001-1452","issn":["0001-1452","1081-0102","1533-385X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-1","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315709","host_organization_name":"American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315709"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AIAA Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015258377","display_name":"Amir Akbarzadeh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5033-0329","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5033-0329"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91045830","display_name":"Texas A&M University","ror":"https://ror.org/01f5ytq51","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. M. Akbarzadeh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019737882","display_name":"Iman Borazjani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7940-3168","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7940-3168"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91045830","display_name":"Texas A&M University","ror":"https://ror.org/01f5ytq51","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"I. Borazjani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.7032,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":36,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89501419,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"58","issue":"9","first_page":"3799","last_page":"3807"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12007","display_name":"Plasma and Flow Control in Aerodynamics","score":0.9897000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12007","display_name":"Plasma and Flow Control in Aerodynamics","score":0.9897000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10360","display_name":"Fluid Dynamics and Turbulent Flows","score":0.0031999999191612005,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11096","display_name":"Aeroelasticity and Vibration Control","score":0.003000000026077032,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flow-separation-control","display_name":"flow separation control","score":0.9240000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/backward-traveling-waves","display_name":"backward traveling waves","score":0.7850000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/naca-0018-airfoil","display_name":"NACA 0018 airfoil","score":0.8809999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stall-suppression","display_name":"stall suppression","score":0.7620000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/standing-waves","display_name":"standing waves","score":0.6970000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lift-to-drag-ratio","display_name":"lift-to-drag ratio","score":0.8159999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shear-layer-instability","display_name":"shear layer instability","score":0.8730000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coherent-structures","display_name":"coherent structures","score":0.8539999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-reynolds-number-flow","display_name":"low Reynolds number flow","score":0.5680000185966492}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112124176","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4698744","display_name":"Airfoil","level":2,"score":0.8105968236923218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.7077654004096985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.633794367313385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180205008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159190","display_name":"Amplitude","level":2,"score":0.6091675162315369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5804382","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752034","display_name":"Stall (fluid mechanics)","level":2,"score":0.5867758393287659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182748727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178932","display_name":"Reynolds number","level":3,"score":0.5579193830490112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199956316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123300","display_name":"Standing wave","level":2,"score":0.49329251050949097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6260449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41364","display_name":"Wavelength","level":2,"score":0.49187254905700684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139002025","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3001212","display_name":"Lift (data mining)","level":2,"score":0.479744553565979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150486481","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q760106","display_name":"Lift coefficient","level":4,"score":0.47199395298957825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111582010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310811","display_name":"Relative wind","level":4,"score":0.46410879492759705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C527307","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q370906","display_name":"Angle of attack","level":3,"score":0.4635009169578552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77576233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1545856","display_name":"Flow separation","level":3,"score":0.43956103920936584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194147245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1076368","display_name":"Chord (peer-to-peer)","level":2,"score":0.4273390769958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.41667240858078003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72921944","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q206621","display_name":"Drag","level":2,"score":0.4161076247692108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.3165619671344757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13393347","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8424","display_name":"Aerodynamics","level":2,"score":0.2504415214061737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111603439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752193","display_name":"Boundary layer","level":2,"score":0.24299418926239014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196558001","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190132","display_name":"Turbulence","level":2,"score":0.16125768423080444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2514/1.j059428","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2514/1.j059428","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2514/1.j059428","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S53336109","display_name":"AIAA Journal","issn_l":"0001-1452","issn":["0001-1452","1081-0102","1533-385X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-1","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315709","host_organization_name":"American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315709"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AIAA Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G262517483","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1453982","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337390","funder_display_name":"Division of Chemical, Bioengineering, Environmental, and Transport Systems"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7093844836","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1905355","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337390","funder_display_name":"Division of Chemical, Bioengineering, Environmental, and Transport Systems"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337390","display_name":"Division of Chemical, Bioengineering, Environmental, and Transport Systems","ror":"https://ror.org/0471zv972"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":59,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W799120371","https://openalex.org/W1514397422","https://openalex.org/W1567515930","https://openalex.org/W1968605120","https://openalex.org/W2005136965","https://openalex.org/W2006244116","https://openalex.org/W2009081860","https://openalex.org/W2012473627","https://openalex.org/W2014546372","https://openalex.org/W2043877917","https://openalex.org/W2045811007","https://openalex.org/W2053989329","https://openalex.org/W2062534453","https://openalex.org/W2062712788","https://openalex.org/W2063417812","https://openalex.org/W2069143564","https://openalex.org/W2074447412","https://openalex.org/W2087512292","https://openalex.org/W2091824914","https://openalex.org/W2094740719","https://openalex.org/W2097100597","https://openalex.org/W2097857475","https://openalex.org/W2102911857","https://openalex.org/W2115170172","https://openalex.org/W2118025229","https://openalex.org/W2120926062","https://openalex.org/W2121604987","https://openalex.org/W2128098791","https://openalex.org/W2130763803","https://openalex.org/W2134322152","https://openalex.org/W2139411638","https://openalex.org/W2159167401","https://openalex.org/W2165445380","https://openalex.org/W2169649025","https://openalex.org/W2171576824","https://openalex.org/W2171770663","https://openalex.org/W2220943411","https://openalex.org/W2229410536","https://openalex.org/W2316795697","https://openalex.org/W2316970154","https://openalex.org/W2326085874","https://openalex.org/W2326418407","https://openalex.org/W2500355910","https://openalex.org/W2555375835","https://openalex.org/W2570086923","https://openalex.org/W2657997908","https://openalex.org/W2735307687","https://openalex.org/W2765492568","https://openalex.org/W2775569720","https://openalex.org/W2811343426","https://openalex.org/W2888638861","https://openalex.org/W2903975947","https://openalex.org/W2951860945","https://openalex.org/W2979222405","https://openalex.org/W2980713245","https://openalex.org/W2994835195","https://openalex.org/W3007764117","https://openalex.org/W3009897953","https://openalex.org/W4236960545"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4206673605","https://openalex.org/W4317634718","https://openalex.org/W4407216052","https://openalex.org/W3119096684","https://openalex.org/W7151829795","https://openalex.org/W2911605773","https://openalex.org/W4391301263","https://openalex.org/W3184114128","https://openalex.org/W4313474371","https://openalex.org/W3126215624"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Large-eddy":[0],"simulations":[1,69],"(LESs)":[2],"of":[3,20,29,68],"low-Reynolds-number":[4],"flow":[5,14,90,115],"over":[6,116],"a":[7,72,77,92,101,150],"NACA0018":[8],"airfoil":[9,118],"are":[10,56],"performed":[11],"to":[12,133],"investigate":[13],"control":[15],"at":[16,149],"the":[17,38,46,114,117,129,134,137,142,155,161,170,176],"stall":[18],"angle":[19],"attack":[21],"(15":[22],"deg)":[23],"by":[24],"low-amplitude":[25,177],"surface":[26],"waves":[27,148],"(actuations)":[28],"different":[30],"types":[31],"(backward/forward":[32],"traveling":[33,50,61,74,124,139,147],"and":[34,62,87,100,164],"standing":[35,63,121],"waves)":[36],"on":[37],"airfoil\u2019s":[39],"suction":[40],"side.":[41],"It":[42],"is":[43,82,97,106],"found":[44],"that":[45,71],"backward":[47,73,138],"(toward":[48],"downstream)":[49],"waves,":[51],"inspired":[52],"from":[53,128,160],"aquatic":[54],"swimmers,":[55],"more":[57],"effective":[58],"than":[59],"forward":[60,123],"wave":[64,75,125,140],"actuations.":[65],"The":[66],"results":[67],"show":[70],"with":[76,119,175],"reduced":[78],"frequency":[79],"(,":[80,95,104],"where":[81,96,105],"frequency;":[83],",":[84,88,153],"chord":[85],"length;":[86],"free":[89],"velocity),":[91],"nondimensional":[93,102],"wavelength":[94],"dimensional":[98,107],"wavelength),":[99],"amplitude":[103,152],"amplitude)":[108],"can":[109],"suppress":[110],"stall.":[111],"In":[112],"contrast,":[113],"either":[120],"or":[122],"actuations":[126],"separates":[127],"leading":[130],"edge":[131],"similar":[132],"baseline.":[135],"Consequently,":[136],"creates":[141,165],"highest":[143],"lift-to-drag":[144],"ratio.":[145],"For":[146],"higher":[151],"however,":[154],"shear":[156],"layer":[157],"becomes":[158],"unstable":[159],"actuation":[162],"point":[163],"periodic":[166],"coherent":[167],"structures.":[168],"Therefore,":[169],"lift":[171],"coefficient":[172],"decreases":[173],"compared":[174],"case.":[178]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-31T08:31:51.225901","created_date":"2020-06-25T00:00:00"}