{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3036061622","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2006.09663","title":"Extending the Machine Learning Abstraction Boundary: A Complex Systems Approach to Incorporate Societal Context","display_name":"Extending the Machine Learning Abstraction Boundary: A Complex Systems Approach to Incorporate Societal Context","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-06-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3036061622","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2006.09663","mag":"3036061622"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2006.09663","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2006.09663","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2006.09663","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2006.09663","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Martin, Donald","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martin, Donald","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019297976","display_name":"Vinodkumar Prabhakaran","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3329-2305","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3329-2305"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Prabhakaran, Vinodkumar","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008299209","display_name":"Jill Kuhlberg","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kuhlberg, Jill","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077833261","display_name":"Andrew Smart","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9816-7348","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9816-7348"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Smart, Andrew","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048272174","display_name":"William Samuel Isaac","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1297-5409","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1297-5409"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Isaac, William S.","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11810","display_name":"Complex Systems and Decision Making","score":0.0007999999797903001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithmic-fairness","display_name":"algorithmic fairness","score":0.9599999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-environment","display_name":"social environment","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/complex-adaptive-systems","display_name":"complex adaptive systems","score":0.9580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociotechnical-systems","display_name":"socio-technical systems","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mental-models","display_name":"mental models","score":0.5929999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/causal-theory","display_name":"causal theories","score":0.859000027179718}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124304363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q673661","display_name":"Abstraction","level":2,"score":0.8297717571258545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.7058966755867004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62354387","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875399","display_name":"Boundary (topology)","level":2,"score":0.6392233371734619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6176639795303345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.48072174191474915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188147891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147638","display_name":"Cognitive science","level":1,"score":0.3867523670196533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.38404908776283264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3233849108219147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.24490368366241455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.12124460935592651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1193687915802002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.07019984722137451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2006.09663","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2006.09663","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2006.09663","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2006.09663","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2006.09663","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2006.09663","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2006.09663","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2006.09663","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2006.09663","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.7390999794006348}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":94,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W39755625","https://openalex.org/W54348722","https://openalex.org/W85667410","https://openalex.org/W112537198","https://openalex.org/W162128149","https://openalex.org/W776174536","https://openalex.org/W1423289060","https://openalex.org/W1548301433","https://openalex.org/W1564370218","https://openalex.org/W1577507334","https://openalex.org/W1744787401","https://openalex.org/W1825507529","https://openalex.org/W1978246972","https://openalex.org/W1978612311","https://openalex.org/W1992597750","https://openalex.org/W1997549501","https://openalex.org/W2017204752","https://openalex.org/W2023961799","https://openalex.org/W2032986081","https://openalex.org/W2034354328","https://openalex.org/W2044929988","https://openalex.org/W2059261907","https://openalex.org/W2059484155","https://openalex.org/W2061544835","https://openalex.org/W2068883935","https://openalex.org/W2071605668","https://openalex.org/W2088461543","https://openalex.org/W2089198100","https://openalex.org/W2089328301","https://openalex.org/W2091312940","https://openalex.org/W2093044782","https://openalex.org/W2099387734","https://openalex.org/W2114570931","https://openalex.org/W2115325640","https://openalex.org/W2116904636","https://openalex.org/W2119092499","https://openalex.org/W2119203777","https://openalex.org/W2127148641","https://openalex.org/W2129924773","https://openalex.org/W2131416923","https://openalex.org/W2134805717","https://openalex.org/W2136649349","https://openalex.org/W2139743733","https://openalex.org/W2140624267","https://openalex.org/W2141042444","https://openalex.org/W2141452617","https://openalex.org/W2146177553","https://openalex.org/W2156313615","https://openalex.org/W2157050842","https://openalex.org/W2157800154","https://openalex.org/W2161144991","https://openalex.org/W2161186183","https://openalex.org/W2162040794","https://openalex.org/W2169589185","https://openalex.org/W2199101053","https://openalex.org/W2206994836","https://openalex.org/W2245352322","https://openalex.org/W2476155142","https://openalex.org/W2502901258","https://openalex.org/W2517199338","https://openalex.org/W2529251251","https://openalex.org/W2530395818","https://openalex.org/W2540627216","https://openalex.org/W2543774860","https://openalex.org/W2588195918","https://openalex.org/W2624319794","https://openalex.org/W2726816714","https://openalex.org/W2739194080","https://openalex.org/W2784198807","https://openalex.org/W2788169366","https://openalex.org/W2788481061","https://openalex.org/W2799209423","https://openalex.org/W2890440562","https://openalex.org/W2892038960","https://openalex.org/W2896833840","https://openalex.org/W2897978524","https://openalex.org/W2899136066","https://openalex.org/W2903571680","https://openalex.org/W2913700606","https://openalex.org/W2921120102","https://openalex.org/W2922258799","https://openalex.org/W2922926028","https://openalex.org/W2923772269","https://openalex.org/W2937400655","https://openalex.org/W2945776595","https://openalex.org/W2954659823","https://openalex.org/W2962753953","https://openalex.org/W2964060106","https://openalex.org/W2988934653","https://openalex.org/W2992319600","https://openalex.org/W2995382404","https://openalex.org/W3119115034","https://openalex.org/W3125306662","https://openalex.org/W7162453816"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2897154134","https://openalex.org/W3024029620","https://openalex.org/W4380364048","https://openalex.org/W6925598015","https://openalex.org/W6980742349","https://openalex.org/W4406786051","https://openalex.org/W4394650867","https://openalex.org/W7119496807","https://openalex.org/W6998622860","https://openalex.org/W2958293758"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Machine":[0],"learning":[1],"(ML)":[2],"fairness":[3,44,130],"research":[4],"tends":[5],"to":[6,91,123,132,210],"focus":[7],"primarily":[8],"on":[9,12],"mathematically-based":[10],"interventions":[11],"often":[13],"opaque":[14],"algorithms":[15],"or":[16],"models":[17,27,36,64,157],"and/or":[18],"their":[19],"immediate":[20],"inputs":[21,61],"and":[22,40,62,96,111,120,158,166,184,227],"outputs.":[23],"Such":[24],"oversimplified":[25],"mathematical":[26],"abstract":[28],"away":[29],"the":[30,59,63,78,93,125,164,194,212,223],"underlying":[31],"societal":[32,55,73,99,114,134,213],"context":[33,56,74,115,214],"where":[34],"ML":[35,81,129,195],"are":[37,219],"conceived,":[38],"developed,":[39],"ultimately":[41],"deployed.":[42],"As":[43],"itself":[45],"is":[46],"a":[47,66,104,145,150,181,202],"socially":[48],"constructed":[49],"concept":[50],"that":[51,54,116,153],"originates":[52],"from":[53],"along":[57],"with":[58,201],"model":[60,110],"themselves,":[65],"lack":[67],"of":[68,72,80,98,113,128,193,204,225],"an":[69],"in-depth":[70],"understanding":[71],"can":[75,221],"easily":[76],"undermine":[77],"pursuit":[79],"fairness.":[82],"In":[83],"this":[84],"paper,":[85],"we":[86,102,137,173],"outline":[87],"three":[88],"new":[89],"tools":[90],"improve":[92,222],"comprehension,":[94],"identification":[95],"representation":[97],"context.":[100,135],"First,":[101],"propose":[103],"complex":[105],"adaptive":[106],"systems":[107,207,218],"(CAS)":[108],"based":[109,176],"definition":[112],"will":[117],"help":[118],"researchers":[119],"product":[121,196],"developers":[122],"expand":[124],"abstraction":[126],"boundary":[127],"work":[131],"include":[133],"Second,":[136],"introduce":[138],"collaborative":[139],"causal":[140,160],"theory":[141],"formation":[142],"(CCTF)":[143],"as":[144,180],"key":[146],"capability":[147],"for":[148,169,187],"establishing":[149],"sociotechnical":[151,217],"frame":[152],"incorporates":[154],"diverse":[155],"mental":[156],"associated":[159],"theories":[161],"in":[162],"modeling":[163],"problem":[165],"solution":[167],"space":[168],"ML-based":[170,229],"products.":[171,230],"Finally,":[172],"identify":[174],"community":[175],"system":[177],"dynamics":[178],"(CBSD)":[179],"powerful,":[182],"transparent":[183],"rigorous":[185],"approach":[186],"practicing":[188],"CCTF":[189],"during":[190],"all":[191],"phases":[192],"development":[197,224],"process.":[198],"We":[199],"conclude":[200],"discussion":[203],"how":[205],"these":[206],"theoretic":[208],"approaches":[209],"understand":[211],"within":[215],"which":[216],"embedded":[220],"fair":[226],"inclusive":[228]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2020-06-25T00:00:00"}
