{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3035848404","doi":null,"title":"Carbon Border Adjustment and Alternatives","display_name":"Carbon Border Adjustment and Alternatives","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-04-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3035848404","mag":"3035848404"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:ags:pugtwp:333210","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/333210/files/10216.pdf","pdf_url":"https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/333210/files/10216.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088133589","display_name":"Cecilia Bellora","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0058-1522","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0058-1522"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cecilia Bellora","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0058-1522","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062387197","display_name":"Lionel Fontagn\u00e9","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6450-3593","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6450-3593"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lionel Fontagn\u00e9","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6450-3593","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10471","display_name":"Climate Change Policy and Economics","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10471","display_name":"Climate Change Policy and Economics","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10438","display_name":"Energy, Environment, Economic Growth","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13756","display_name":"International Environmental Law and Policies","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2308","display_name":"Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carbon-border-adjustment","display_name":"border carbon adjustment","score":0.9860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climate-change-mitigation","display_name":"climate change mitigation","score":0.5820000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/paris-agreement","display_name":"Paris Agreement","score":0.6430000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nationally-determined-contributions","display_name":"Nationally Determined Contributions","score":0.9350000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climate-clubs","display_name":"climate clubs","score":0.5109999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wto-law-compatibility","display_name":"WTO law compatibility","score":0.5519999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emissions-trading","display_name":"emissions trading","score":0.6700000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emission-allowances","display_name":"emission allowances","score":0.5759999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-intensive-industries","display_name":"energy-intensive industries","score":0.6299999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eu-climate-policy","display_name":"EU climate policy","score":0.47999998927116394}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776459890","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3297812","display_name":"Club","level":2,"score":0.6492518186569214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47737302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167336","display_name":"Greenhouse gas","level":2,"score":0.6480919122695923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.5249543190002441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5247184038162231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132651083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942","display_name":"Climate change","level":2,"score":0.47699883580207825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18547055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47417","display_name":"International economics","level":1,"score":0.46735644340515137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204036174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909380","display_name":"Stock (firearms)","level":2,"score":0.46068695187568665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100405246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8348417","display_name":"Emissions trading","level":3,"score":0.4451005756855011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68189081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12748","display_name":"Fossil fuel","level":2,"score":0.43733906745910645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175605778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3299701","display_name":"Natural resource economics","level":1,"score":0.3937148451805115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.38468480110168457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155202549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178803","display_name":"International trade","level":1,"score":0.36711496114730835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1465016007423401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.09358707070350647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105702510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514","display_name":"Anatomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:ags:pugtwp:333210","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/333210/files/10216.pdf","pdf_url":"https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/333210/files/10216.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ageconsearch.umn.edu:333210","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/333210","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401616","display_name":"AgEcon Search (University of Minnesota, USA)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210120349","host_organization_name":"University of Minnesota Rochester","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120349"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/333210","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"mag:3035848404","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.gtap.agecon.purdue.edu/resources/download/10224.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","score":1.0,"display_name":"Climate action"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","score":0.5217000246047974,"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1498101655","https://openalex.org/W1546224588","https://openalex.org/W1574665050","https://openalex.org/W1936805547","https://openalex.org/W1970809343","https://openalex.org/W1974180313","https://openalex.org/W1983651079","https://openalex.org/W1984429637","https://openalex.org/W1985167097","https://openalex.org/W1998065976","https://openalex.org/W2014584868","https://openalex.org/W2073301859","https://openalex.org/W2073670345","https://openalex.org/W2078376148","https://openalex.org/W2086040868","https://openalex.org/W2094167659","https://openalex.org/W2115975507","https://openalex.org/W2153925835","https://openalex.org/W2162057064","https://openalex.org/W2169151322","https://openalex.org/W2183654375","https://openalex.org/W2255981911","https://openalex.org/W2624235498","https://openalex.org/W2766708440","https://openalex.org/W2944962469","https://openalex.org/W3122293143","https://openalex.org/W3123651773","https://openalex.org/W3124792966","https://openalex.org/W3125074174","https://openalex.org/W3125107276"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3086661082","https://openalex.org/W2944962469","https://openalex.org/W3008630322","https://openalex.org/W4412309283","https://openalex.org/W2754515114","https://openalex.org/W6999688487","https://openalex.org/W2808995948","https://openalex.org/W3162184297","https://openalex.org/W1983028458","https://openalex.org/W2048346872"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Countries":[0],"engaged":[1],"in":[2,114],"climate":[3,184],"change":[4],"mitigation":[5],"combine":[6],"different":[7,106,142],"instruments":[8],"ranging":[9],"from":[10,188],"environmental":[11],"regulations":[12],"to":[13,46,64,167,181],"cap-and-trade":[14],"systems.":[15],"In":[16],"the":[17,39,75,83,89,98,128,137,148,151,158,172,176,189],"absence":[18],"of":[19,32,41,61,79,85,92,127,133,136,144,150],"international":[20],"coordination,":[21],"by":[22,49,58,175,200],"reducing":[23],"their":[24],"emissions,":[25],"these":[26,80],"countries":[27,120,134,199],"however":[28],"displace":[29],"some":[30],"production":[31],"emitting":[33],"industries":[34],"(direct":[35],"effect)":[36],"and":[37,169],"depress":[38],"price":[40],"fossil":[42],"fuels":[43],"leading":[44],"indirectly":[45],"higher":[47],"emissions":[48,113],"non-constrained":[50],"countries.":[51],"The":[52],"direct":[53],"effect":[54],"can":[55],"be":[56],"addressed":[57],"free":[59],"allowances":[60],"emission":[62],"quotas":[63],"energy":[65],"intensive":[66],"industries,":[67],"or":[68],"tentatively":[69],"through":[70],"a":[71,115,122,145],"carbon":[72],"adjustment":[73],"at":[74,109,147,204],"border.":[76],"However,":[77],"none":[78],"strategies":[81],"relaxes":[82],"problem":[84],"indirect":[86],"leakages,":[87],"while":[88],"legal":[90],"consistency":[91],"Carbon":[93],"Border":[94],"Adjustments":[95],"(CBA)":[96],"with":[97,154],"WTO":[99],"law":[100],"is":[101,165],"questionable.":[102],"This":[103],"paper":[104],"investigates":[105],"policies":[107],"aiming":[108],"efficiently":[110],"curb":[111],"global":[112],"context":[116],"where":[117],"not":[118],"all":[119],"adopt":[121],"cooperative":[123],"behavior.":[124],"Taking":[125],"stock":[126],"unconditional":[129],"Nationally":[130],"Determined":[131],"Contributions":[132],"member":[135],"Paris":[138,177],"Agreement,":[139],"we":[140],"compare":[141],"modalities":[143],"CBA":[146,164],"border":[149],"EU":[152],"27":[153],"alternative":[155],"approaches":[156],"like":[157],"Nordhaus-type":[159],"Club.":[160,185],"We":[161],"conclude":[162],"that":[163],"difficult":[166],"implement":[168],"hardly":[170,196],"reduces":[171],"leakages":[173],"induced":[174],"agreement,":[178],"as":[179],"opposed":[180],"an":[182],"ambitious":[183],"Although":[186],"optimal":[187],"social":[190],"planner":[191],"perspective":[192],"such":[193],"Club":[194],"would":[195],"attract":[197],"large":[198],"applying":[201],"moderate":[202],"tariffs":[203],"its":[205],"borders.":[206]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2020-06-25T00:00:00"}