{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3034857372","doi":null,"title":"\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2005 (\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629)","display_name":"\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2005 (\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629)","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3034857372","mag":"3034857372"},"language":"ar","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs2.journalofbabylon.com:article/1254","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://journalofbabylon.com/index.php/JUBH/article/view/1254","pdf_url":"https://journalofbabylon.com/index.php/JUBH/article/download/1254/1006","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210203577","display_name":"Journal of University of Babylon for Humanities","issn_l":"2617-0906","issn":["2617-0906"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319176","host_organization_name":"University of Babylon","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319176"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Babylon"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2617-0906","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://journalofbabylon.com/index.php/JUBH/article/download/1254/1006","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085339312","display_name":"\u0645\u064a\u062b\u0645 \u063a\u0627\u0646\u0645 \u062c\u0628\u0631","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"\u0645\u064a\u062b\u0645 \u063a\u0627\u0646\u0645 \u062c\u0628\u0631","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5085339312"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.48780847,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"3","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14259","display_name":"Legal Rights and Human Rights","score":0.7705000042915344,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14259","display_name":"Legal Rights and Human Rights","score":0.7705000042915344,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12332","display_name":"Comparative constitutional jurisprudence studies","score":0.19449999928474426,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13659","display_name":"Ombudsman and Human Rights","score":0.005100000184029341,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-rights-protection","display_name":"human rights protection","score":0.8009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constitutional-guarantees","display_name":"constitutional guarantees","score":0.6349999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/2005-iraqi-constitution","display_name":"2005 Iraqi Constitution","score":0.8840000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/separation-of-powers","display_name":"separation of powers","score":0.9570000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rule-of-law","display_name":"rule of law","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constitutional-amendment","display_name":"constitutional amendment","score":0.5839999914169312}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.3286074995994568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.3128177523612976}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs2.journalofbabylon.com:article/1254","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://journalofbabylon.com/index.php/JUBH/article/view/1254","pdf_url":"https://journalofbabylon.com/index.php/JUBH/article/download/1254/1006","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210203577","display_name":"Journal of University of Babylon for Humanities","issn_l":"2617-0906","issn":["2617-0906"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319176","host_organization_name":"University of Babylon","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319176"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Babylon"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2617-0906","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a40a137cd4854a03aeea8e6a7a567afc","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a40a137cd4854a03aeea8e6a7a567afc","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of University of Babylon, Vol 26, Iss 3 (2017)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"mag:3034857372","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.iasj.net/iasj?func=article&aId=140188","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737731412","display_name":"Journal of University of Babylon for Pure and Applied Sciences","issn_l":"1992-0652","issn":["1992-0652","2312-8135"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319176","host_organization_name":"University of Babylon","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319176"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Babylon"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of University of Babylon for Pure and Applied Sciences","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs2.journalofbabylon.com:article/1254","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://journalofbabylon.com/index.php/JUBH/article/view/1254","pdf_url":"https://journalofbabylon.com/index.php/JUBH/article/download/1254/1006","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210203577","display_name":"Journal of University of Babylon for Humanities","issn_l":"2617-0906","issn":["2617-0906"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319176","host_organization_name":"University of Babylon","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319176"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Babylon"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2617-0906","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":1.0,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3034857372.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3034857372.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7217936405","https://openalex.org/W7204033469","https://openalex.org/W7166524180","https://openalex.org/W7217102020","https://openalex.org/W7216337703","https://openalex.org/W4388339556","https://openalex.org/W7217258538","https://openalex.org/W2944079518","https://openalex.org/W4386037498","https://openalex.org/W2889186306"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"\\n":[0],"\u0625\u0646":[1],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639":[2],"\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a":[3],"\u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0647":[4],"\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b":[5,32,244],"\u0647\u0648":[6,33,86,162],"\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644":[7,16,43,55,74,85,179],"\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629":[8,180,224],"\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629":[9,181,204,216,225],"\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642":[10,47,153,182,205,217,226],"\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646":[11,20,78,154,183,218,227],"\u060c":[12,114,219],"\u0625\u0630":[13],"\u062a\u0643\u0641\u0644":[14],"\u0647\u0630\u0647":[15,67,73,119],"\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629":[17],"\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629":[18],"\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642":[19],"\u0645\u0646":[21,23,44,57,118],"\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631":[22],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632\u0627\u062a":[24],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0629":[25],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a":[26,52,241,246],"\u062a\u0642\u0639":[27],"\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u060c":[28],"\u0641\u0647\u062f\u0641":[29],"\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0646\u0627":[30],"\u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627":[31],"\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646":[34],"\u0645\u062f\u0649":[35],"\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645":[36],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0639":[37],"\u0641\u064a":[38,102,140,143,167,172,184,228,236],"\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631":[39,190,253],"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a":[40,254],"\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630":[41],"\u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647":[42,54],"\u0623\u062c\u0644":[45],"\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629":[46],"\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c":[48,206],"\u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643":[49],"\u0625\u062d\u0627\u0637\u0629":[50],"\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635":[51],"\u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642":[53],"\u0628\u0634\u064a\u0621":[56],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642":[58],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0644":[59],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644":[60],"\u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631":[61],"\u0645\u0627":[62,256],"\u0623\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627":[63],"\u0630\u0644\u0643":[64,174],"\u0648\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629":[65],"\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645":[66],"\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635\u060c":[68],"\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a":[69],"\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f":[70],"\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635":[71],"\u062a\u0646\u0638\u0645":[72],"\u0645\u0645\u0627":[75],"\u064a\u0643\u0641\u0644":[76],"\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629":[77],"\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0647":[79],"\u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629":[80],"\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629":[81],"\u0648\u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u0629\u060c":[82],"\u0648\u0645\u0646":[83],"\u0623\u0647\u0645":[84,92,239],"\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623":[87,148,157,199],"\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644":[88,211],"\u0628\u064a\u0646":[89,212],"\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a":[90,100,120,213],"\u0623\u062d\u062f":[91],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0632\u0627\u062a":[93],"\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629":[94],"\u0644\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629":[95],"\u0648\u064a\u0642\u0635\u062f":[96,160],"\u0628\u0647":[97,161],"\u0639\u062f\u0645":[98],"\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632":[99],"\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b":[101,121],"\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629":[103,168],"(":[104],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629":[105],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u0629":[106],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629)":[107],"\u0628\u064a\u062f":[108],"\u0634\u062e\u0635":[109],"\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f":[110],"\u0623\u0648":[111],"\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629":[112],"\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629":[113],"\u0648\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627":[115],"\u0643\u0644":[116],"\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629":[117],"\u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a":[122],"\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0627":[123],"\u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644":[124],"\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644":[125],"\u0639\u0646":[126],"\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c":[127],"\u0625\u0644\u0627":[128],"\u0623\u0646":[129,163],"\u0647\u0630\u0627":[130],"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632":[131],"\u0643\u0627\u0646":[132],"\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0627\u064b":[133],"\u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646":[134],"\u0628\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631":[135],"\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646":[136],"\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d":[137],"\u0645\u0631\u0646\u0627\u064b":[138],"\u0643\u0645\u0627":[139],"\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645":[141],"\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u064a":[142],"\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a":[144],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629":[145],"\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c":[146],"\u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643":[147],"\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a":[149],"\u0623\u062e\u0631":[150],"\u0628\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0647":[151],"\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0646":[152],"\u0648\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647":[155],"\u0648\u0647\u0648":[156,255],"\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629":[158,200],"\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646":[159,201],"\u064a\u062e\u0636\u0639":[164],"\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645":[165],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0646":[166],"\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645":[169],"\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646.\\n":[170],"\\n\\n":[171],"\u0636\u0648\u0621":[173],"\u0633\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644":[175],"\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0637":[176],"\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621":[177],"\u0639\u0644\u0649":[178],"\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629":[185],"\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u060c":[186],"\u0646\u062e\u0635\u0635":[187],"\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644":[188],"\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646":[189],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0646\u060c":[191],"\u0623\u0645\u0627":[192],"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b":[193,208,221],"\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a":[194],"\u0641\u0642\u062f":[195],"\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0646\u0627":[196],"\u0641\u064a\u0647":[197],"\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629":[198],"\u0643\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629":[202,214],"\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629":[203,215],"\u0648\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0646\u0627":[207],"\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b":[209],"\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623":[210],"\u0648\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b":[220],"\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639":[222],"\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644":[223],"\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631":[229],"\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629":[230],"\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642":[231],"\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645":[232],"2005\u060c":[233],"\u0648\u0623\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0646\u0627":[234],"\u0628\u062d\u062b\u0646\u0627":[235],"\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629":[237],"\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646\u062a":[238],"\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c":[240],"\u062a\u0645\u062e\u0636":[242],"\u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627":[243],"\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a":[245],"\u0646\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0627":[247],"\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629":[248],"\u0644\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0630":[249],"\u0628\u0647\u0627":[250],"\u0639\u0646\u062f":[251],"\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644":[252],"\u0633\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0647":[257],"\u0628\u062d\u062b\u0647":[258],"\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0627\u064b.\\n":[259]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2020-06-19T00:00:00"}