{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3034730645","doi":null,"title":"The Imminence of Grading Essays by Computer","display_name":"The Imminence of Grading Essays by Computer","publication_year":1966,"publication_date":"1966-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3034730645","mag":"3034730645"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:3034730645","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ci.nii.ac.jp/naid/10015088421","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S156752806","display_name":"Phi Delta Kappan","issn_l":"0031-7217","issn":["0031-7217","1940-6487"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jufo-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Phi Delta Kappan","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112614214","display_name":"Ellis Batten Page","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ellis B. Page","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5112614214"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":15.016,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":442,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99142857,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14025","display_name":"Educational Technology and Assessment","score":0.7900000214576721,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14025","display_name":"Educational Technology and Assessment","score":0.7900000214576721,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10959","display_name":"Student Assessment and Feedback","score":0.07069999724626541,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14414","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Education","score":0.06800000369548798,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automated-essay-scoring","display_name":"automated essay scoring","score":0.746999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/essay-scoring","display_name":"essay scoring","score":0.5849999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/writing-instruction","display_name":"writing instruction","score":0.5230000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/educational-technology","display_name":"educational technology","score":0.5009999871253967}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777286243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5591926","display_name":"Grading (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.615284264087677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.6097497344017029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.3557073771953583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3455086648464203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.12288066744804382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:3034730645","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ci.nii.ac.jp/naid/10015088421","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S156752806","display_name":"Phi Delta Kappan","issn_l":"0031-7217","issn":["0031-7217","1940-6487"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jufo-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Phi Delta Kappan","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2015795558","https://openalex.org/W306940332","https://openalex.org/W2796023487","https://openalex.org/W1982506769","https://openalex.org/W276717236","https://openalex.org/W207701200","https://openalex.org/W2325040786","https://openalex.org/W221625031","https://openalex.org/W267764378","https://openalex.org/W2796714632"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":40},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":26}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2020-06-19T00:00:00"}