{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3034715752","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpwrd.2020.3002237","title":"Detailed Equivalent and Average Value Models of Hybrid Cascaded Multilevel Converters for Efficient and Accurate EMT-Type Simulation","display_name":"Detailed Equivalent and Average Value Models of Hybrid Cascaded Multilevel Converters for Efficient and Accurate EMT-Type Simulation","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-06-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3034715752","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpwrd.2020.3002237","mag":"3034715752"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpwrd.2020.3002237","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpwrd.2020.3002237","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpwrd.2020.3002237","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S203966947","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery","issn_l":"0885-8977","issn":["0885-8977","1937-4208"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038071885","display_name":"Jintao Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9416-7500","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9416-7500"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405260628","display_name":"University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus","ror":"https://ror.org/04241wz75","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490","https://openalex.org/I4405260628"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jintao Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, The University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, BC, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9416-7500","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, The University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, BC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405260628"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012929151","display_name":"Levi M. Bieber","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9302-7226","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9302-7226"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405260628","display_name":"University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus","ror":"https://ror.org/04241wz75","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490","https://openalex.org/I4405260628"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Levi Bieber","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, The University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, BC, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9302-7226","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, The University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, BC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405260628"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009768523","display_name":"Yuanshi Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5590-4259","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5590-4259"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405260628","display_name":"University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus","ror":"https://ror.org/04241wz75","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490","https://openalex.org/I4405260628"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuanshi Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, The University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, BC, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5590-4259","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, The University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, BC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405260628"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100406724","display_name":"Liwei Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1076-5827","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1076-5827"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405260628","display_name":"University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus","ror":"https://ror.org/04241wz75","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490","https://openalex.org/I4405260628"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liwei Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, The University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, BC, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1076-5827","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, The University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, BC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405260628"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100317975","display_name":"Wei Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6005-0892","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6005-0892"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210154558","display_name":"Opal-Rt Technologies (Canada)","ror":"https://ror.org/05qnbjn88","country_code":"CA","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210154558"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["OPAL-RT Technologies, Montreal, QC, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6005-0892","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"OPAL-RT Technologies, Montreal, QC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210154558"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112658838","display_name":"Jean B\u00e9langer","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210154558","display_name":"Opal-Rt Technologies (Canada)","ror":"https://ror.org/05qnbjn88","country_code":"CA","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210154558"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jean Belanger","raw_affiliation_strings":["OPAL-RT Technologies, Montreal, QC, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"OPAL-RT Technologies, Montreal, QC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210154558"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2045,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2045},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7737,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.67867597,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"35","issue":"6","first_page":"2951","last_page":"2962"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11102","display_name":"HVDC Systems and Fault Protection","score":0.9574999809265137,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11102","display_name":"HVDC Systems and Fault Protection","score":0.9574999809265137,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10228","display_name":"Multilevel Inverters and Converters","score":0.04100000113248825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12810","display_name":"Real-time simulation and control systems","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage-source-converter","display_name":"voltage source converter","score":0.8679999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/equivalent-circuit-model","display_name":"equivalent circuit model","score":0.6579999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/average-value-model","display_name":"average-value model","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electromagnetic-transient-simulation","display_name":"electromagnetic transient simulation","score":0.9269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hvdc-transmission","display_name":"HVDC transmission","score":0.8190000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-efficiency","display_name":"computational efficiency","score":0.7139999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/converter-modeling","display_name":"converter modeling","score":0.5239999890327454}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778422915","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10302051","display_name":"Converters","level":3,"score":0.9158411026000977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.6394458413124084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780799671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17087362","display_name":"Transient (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.5816899538040161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.5324887633323669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.45698076486587524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.4410727024078369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175551986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47089","display_name":"Fault (geology)","level":2,"score":0.4249441921710968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781163877","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q370607","display_name":"High-voltage direct current","level":4,"score":0.4119642674922943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.1923130452632904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776620479","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159241","display_name":"Direct current","level":3,"score":0.13738209009170532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165205528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83371","display_name":"Seismology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tpwrd.2020.3002237","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpwrd.2020.3002237","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tpwrd.2020.3002237","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S203966947","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery","issn_l":"0885-8977","issn":["0885-8977","1937-4208"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.75,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01h531d29"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1915388693","https://openalex.org/W1989156586","https://openalex.org/W1991879588","https://openalex.org/W2004165606","https://openalex.org/W2005239347","https://openalex.org/W2008773359","https://openalex.org/W2038518210","https://openalex.org/W2046289457","https://openalex.org/W2055905802","https://openalex.org/W2063745977","https://openalex.org/W2068039743","https://openalex.org/W2068481191","https://openalex.org/W2071235681","https://openalex.org/W2075365777","https://openalex.org/W2079077241","https://openalex.org/W2086376312","https://openalex.org/W2091065431","https://openalex.org/W2110592902","https://openalex.org/W2124881904","https://openalex.org/W2156232631","https://openalex.org/W2170460231","https://openalex.org/W2170837877","https://openalex.org/W2320858657","https://openalex.org/W2323995090","https://openalex.org/W2324146242","https://openalex.org/W2338337301","https://openalex.org/W2507144307","https://openalex.org/W2532862595","https://openalex.org/W2538255842","https://openalex.org/W2744825786","https://openalex.org/W2793225529","https://openalex.org/W2977248761","https://openalex.org/W2978591986","https://openalex.org/W3016528920","https://openalex.org/W4206286808"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2995881083","https://openalex.org/W6923210183","https://openalex.org/W3209243002","https://openalex.org/W4312985888","https://openalex.org/W2052929953","https://openalex.org/W2768902971","https://openalex.org/W7213960874","https://openalex.org/W2556880875","https://openalex.org/W2147640475","https://openalex.org/W2523246090"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,121,132,143],"emerging":[1],"voltage":[2,29],"source":[3],"converters":[4,11],"(VSCs)":[5],"such":[6],"as":[7],"hybrid":[8],"cascaded":[9],"multilevel":[10],"(HCMCs)":[12],"are":[13,81,124,145],"promising":[14],"converter":[15,20,60],"technologies":[16],"which":[17,107,157],"enable":[18],"higher":[19],"efficiency,":[21],"compactness,":[22],"and":[23,57,69,92,116],"DC":[24],"fault":[25],"resilience":[26],"for":[27,51,78,129,162],"high":[28],"direct":[30],"current":[31],"(HVDC)":[32],"transmission.":[33],"However,":[34],"the":[35,43,67,79,87,109,114,127,140,155],"large":[36,166],"number":[37,167],"of":[38,71,98,139,168],"switching":[39],"events":[40],"due":[41],"to":[42,111,148,154],"converters'":[44],"submodules":[45],"introduces":[46],"a":[47,63,102,165],"heavy":[48],"computational":[49],"burden":[50],"electromagnetic":[52],"transient":[53],"(EMT)":[54],"simulations.":[55,120],"Efficient":[56],"accurate":[58],"EMT-type":[59],"models":[61,77,96,123],"play":[62],"vital":[64],"role":[65],"in":[66,83],"control":[68],"design":[70],"HVDC":[72],"converters.":[73],"Several":[74],"computationally":[75],"efficient":[76],"HCMCs":[80,163],"proposed":[82,106,122,141],"this":[84],"paper,":[85],"including":[86],"detailed":[88],"equivalent":[89],"model":[90,104],"(DEM)":[91],"several":[93],"average":[94],"value":[95],"(AVMs)":[97],"varying":[99],"accuracy.":[100],"Additionally,":[101],"combined":[103],"is":[105,158],"allows":[108],"users":[110],"switch":[112],"among":[113],"DEM":[115,128],"AVMs":[117,144],"during":[118],"dynamic":[119,130],"validated":[125],"against":[126],"transients.":[131],"simulation":[133,151],"results":[134],"demonstrate":[135],"good":[136],"modeling":[137],"accuracy":[138],"models.":[142],"also":[146],"shown":[147],"significantly":[149],"improve":[150],"efficiency":[152],"compared":[153],"DEM,":[156],"very":[159],"desirable":[160],"especially":[161],"with":[164],"submodules.":[169]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2020-06-19T00:00:00"}