{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3034577554","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22054/ilt.2020.51861.492","title":"The Role of Visual Scaffolding in Enhancing Iranian EFL Students\u2019 Writing Ability","display_name":"The Role of Visual Scaffolding in Enhancing Iranian EFL Students\u2019 Writing Ability","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3034577554","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22054/ilt.2020.51861.492","mag":"3034577554"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:defdac6d40c34893ab987f625579fc64","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22054/ilt.2020.51861.492","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/defdac6d40c34893ab987f625579fc64","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Issues in Language Teaching, Vol 8, Iss 2, Pp 187-211 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doaj.org/article/defdac6d40c34893ab987f625579fc64","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038942926","display_name":"Mahnaz Mostafaei Alaei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7110-338X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7110-338X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200432940","display_name":"Allameh Tabataba'i University","ror":"https://ror.org/02cc4gc68","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200432940"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mahnaz Mostafaei Alaei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Assistant Professor, Applied Linguistics, Allameh Tabataba&#039;i University, Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Assistant Professor, Applied Linguistics, Allameh Tabataba&#039;i University, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200432940"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046686144","display_name":"Amir Kardoust","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6025-668X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6025-668X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200432940","display_name":"Allameh Tabataba'i University","ror":"https://ror.org/02cc4gc68","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200432940"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amir Kardoust","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ph.D. Candidate, Applied Linguistics, Allameh Tabataba&#039;i University, Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ph.D. Candidate, Applied Linguistics, Allameh Tabataba&#039;i University, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200432940"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026650647","display_name":"Abdulbaset Saeedian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5305-0349","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5305-0349"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200432940","display_name":"Allameh Tabataba'i University","ror":"https://ror.org/02cc4gc68","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200432940"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdulbaset Saeedian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ph.D. Candidate, Applied Linguistics, Allameh Tabataba&#039;i University, Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ph.D. Candidate, Applied Linguistics, Allameh Tabataba&#039;i University, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200432940"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200432940"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2026,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8727911,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10021","display_name":"EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning","score":0.8574000000953674,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10021","display_name":"EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning","score":0.8574000000953674,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11587","display_name":"Second Language Acquisition and Learning","score":0.10840000212192535,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14516","display_name":"English Language Learning and Teaching","score":0.023099999874830246,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visual-scaffolding","display_name":"visual scaffolding","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efl-writing","display_name":"EFL writing","score":0.7609999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/writing-skills","display_name":"writing skills","score":0.7459999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vocabulary-acquisition","display_name":"vocabulary acquisition","score":0.5789999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/student-attitudes","display_name":"student attitudes","score":0.796999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iranian-efl-learners","display_name":"Iranian EFL learners","score":0.8849999904632568}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89429830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735710","display_name":"Scaffold","level":2,"score":0.9002718925476074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.5569839477539062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171268870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1486676","display_name":"GRASP","level":2,"score":0.4757418632507324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.44194158911705017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.40582215785980225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:defdac6d40c34893ab987f625579fc64","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22054/ilt.2020.51861.492","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/defdac6d40c34893ab987f625579fc64","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Issues in Language Teaching, Vol 8, Iss 2, Pp 187-211 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:defdac6d40c34893ab987f625579fc64","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22054/ilt.2020.51861.492","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/defdac6d40c34893ab987f625579fc64","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Issues in Language Teaching, Vol 8, Iss 2, Pp 187-211 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.9235000014305115,"display_name":"Quality education"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.8899999856948853,"display_name":"Quality education"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/clinical-trial","display_name":"Clinical Trial"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W617068656","https://openalex.org/W1508041051","https://openalex.org/W1534502582","https://openalex.org/W1534802210","https://openalex.org/W1590885575","https://openalex.org/W1600749570","https://openalex.org/W1825362944","https://openalex.org/W1969633785","https://openalex.org/W1970209023","https://openalex.org/W1977667232","https://openalex.org/W1990100773","https://openalex.org/W2026119873","https://openalex.org/W2040665176","https://openalex.org/W2040924864","https://openalex.org/W2070130938","https://openalex.org/W2108643061","https://openalex.org/W2131556054","https://openalex.org/W2132313908","https://openalex.org/W2145588116","https://openalex.org/W2156300785","https://openalex.org/W2166197715","https://openalex.org/W2234058859","https://openalex.org/W2588540714","https://openalex.org/W2625283507","https://openalex.org/W2763136039","https://openalex.org/W2917468227","https://openalex.org/W2945424237","https://openalex.org/W2973522781","https://openalex.org/W3021727808"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2163296013","https://openalex.org/W2743859443","https://openalex.org/W2326995835","https://openalex.org/W165915117","https://openalex.org/W2059402478","https://openalex.org/W2123347777","https://openalex.org/W4387804363"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"To":[0],"better":[1,106],"illuminate":[2],"the":[3,34,71,78,90,96,103,108,111,120,123,130,140,148,152,156,166,170,173,182,187],"link":[4],"between":[5],"scaffolding":[6,56,80,101,125,144,163,171,191],"and":[7,65,75,85,114,164],"visual":[8,53,100,124,149,162,190],"aids,":[9],"this":[10],"quasi-experimental":[11],"study":[12],"attempted":[13],"to":[14,105,128,186],"scaffold":[15],"an":[16],"intact":[17],"group":[18],"of":[19,36,43,62,74,95,110,143,169,189],"14":[20],"intermediate-level":[21],"Iranian":[22],"English":[23],"as":[24,172],"a":[25,82,86],"foreign":[26],"language":[27],"(EFL)":[28],"learners":[29,104,157],"through":[30,52],"providing":[31],"graphs":[32],"with":[33,45],"aim":[35],"enhancing":[37],"their":[38],"writing":[39,196],"ability.":[40,197],"Ensuring":[41],"lack":[42],"familiarity":[44],"eight":[46],"unknown":[47],"words,":[48],"they":[49],"were":[50,145],"scaffolded":[51],"images.":[54],"The":[55,93,135],"process":[57],"included":[58],"three":[59,141],"respective":[60],"phases":[61],"contingency,":[63],"fading,":[64],"transferring.":[66],"As":[67],"post-tests":[68],"for":[69],"checking":[70],"learners\u2019":[72],"understanding":[73],"opinion":[76],"about":[77],"graph":[79],"process,":[81],"researcher-made":[83],"questionnaire":[84,97],"semi-structured":[87],"interview":[88,153],"followed":[89],"treatment":[91],"phase.":[92],"results":[94,136,154],"showed":[98],"that":[99,181],"aided":[102],"grasp":[107],"meaning":[109],"target":[112],"vocabularies":[113],"even":[115],"some":[116],"grammatical":[117],"points":[118],"in":[119,132,192],"materials.":[121],"Moreover,":[122],"helped":[126],"them":[127],"produce":[129],"material":[131],"different":[133],"modalities.":[134],"also":[137],"indicated":[138],"all":[139],"characteristics":[142],"met":[146],"by":[147],"scaffolding.":[150],"Finally,":[151],"revealed":[155],"had":[158],"favorable":[159],"attitude":[160],"toward":[161],"considered":[165],"third":[167],"phase":[168],"most":[174],"challenging":[175],"one.":[176],"It":[177],"can":[178],"be":[179],"concluded":[180],"findings":[183],"gave":[184],"credence":[185],"effectiveness":[188],"improving":[193],"EFL":[194],"students\u2019":[195]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
