{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3033607704","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2019wr026621","title":"Groundwater Storage Loss Associated With Land Subsidence in Western United States Mapped Using Machine Learning","display_name":"Groundwater Storage Loss Associated With Land Subsidence in Western United States Mapped Using Machine Learning","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-06-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3033607704","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2019wr026621","mag":"3033607704"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1029/2019wr026621","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2019wr026621","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2019wr026621","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S204847658","display_name":"Water Resources Research","issn_l":"0043-1397","issn":["0043-1397","1944-7973"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-a","jufo-3","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Water Resources Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088548023","display_name":"Ryan Smith","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3747-6868","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3747-6868"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20382870","display_name":"Missouri University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00scwqd12","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20382870"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"R. G. Smith","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geosciences and Geological and Petroleum Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3747-6868","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geosciences and Geological and Petroleum Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20382870"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042570237","display_name":"Sayantan Majumdar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3539-0147","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3539-0147"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20382870","display_name":"Missouri University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00scwqd12","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20382870"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Majumdar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geosciences and Geological and Petroleum Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3539-0147","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geosciences and Geological and Petroleum Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20382870"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5088548023"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20382870"],"apc_list":{"value":2500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2500},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.7401,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":115,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98452981,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"56","issue":"7","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1908","display_name":"Geophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1908","display_name":"Geophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11405","display_name":"Geophysics and Gravity Measurements","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1908","display_name":"Geophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-subsidence","display_name":"land subsidence","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/groundwater-extraction","display_name":"groundwater pumping","score":0.6539999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aquifer-compaction","display_name":"aquifer compaction","score":0.9340000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"machine learning","score":0.5960000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evapotranspiration","display_name":"evapotranspiration","score":0.9599999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-use","display_name":"land use","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sediment-thickness","display_name":"sediment thickness","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/american-west","display_name":"American West","score":0.6990000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/central-valley","display_name":"Central Valley","score":0.7960000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/basin-and-range-province","display_name":"Basin and Range","score":0.925000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subsidence-mapping","display_name":"subsidence mapping","score":0.7059999704360962}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76177295","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161598","display_name":"Groundwater","level":2,"score":0.7022280097007751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22286887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1666056","display_name":"Interferometric synthetic aperture radar","level":3,"score":0.6961362957954407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180851071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q849953","display_name":"Subsidence","level":3,"score":0.644788384437561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75622301","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208791","display_name":"Aquifer","level":3,"score":0.5767138004302979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.5274332165718079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76886044","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2883300","display_name":"Hydrology (agriculture)","level":2,"score":0.49522581696510315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.3942708969116211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109007969","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749565","display_name":"Structural basin","level":2,"score":0.30646565556526184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.20858699083328247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.1868947446346283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114793014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52109","display_name":"Geomorphology","level":1,"score":0.14662593603134155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.12217801809310913}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1029/2019wr026621","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2019wr026621","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2019wr026621","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S204847658","display_name":"Water Resources Research","issn_l":"0043-1397","issn":["0043-1397","1944-7973"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-a","jufo-3","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Water Resources Research","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Climate action","score":0.4399999976158142,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W9644432","https://openalex.org/W41139122","https://openalex.org/W56475387","https://openalex.org/W194212405","https://openalex.org/W1771025053","https://openalex.org/W1911067730","https://openalex.org/W1935451117","https://openalex.org/W1983080803","https://openalex.org/W1993076896","https://openalex.org/W2008085934","https://openalex.org/W2010158827","https://openalex.org/W2017727533","https://openalex.org/W2047511390","https://openalex.org/W2056872149","https://openalex.org/W2060576920","https://openalex.org/W2087490838","https://openalex.org/W2126689737","https://openalex.org/W2126772797","https://openalex.org/W2127347216","https://openalex.org/W2147882638","https://openalex.org/W2154944222","https://openalex.org/W2159337923","https://openalex.org/W2166186402","https://openalex.org/W2170327428","https://openalex.org/W2173199232","https://openalex.org/W2228786559","https://openalex.org/W2340497264","https://openalex.org/W2590380458","https://openalex.org/W2605676989","https://openalex.org/W2758355183","https://openalex.org/W2807141051","https://openalex.org/W2808148054","https://openalex.org/W2809039575","https://openalex.org/W2889111764","https://openalex.org/W2893447716","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W2921562861","https://openalex.org/W2972683341","https://openalex.org/W2988774311","https://openalex.org/W2993879381","https://openalex.org/W6967629599"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4387342987","https://openalex.org/W3134852710","https://openalex.org/W4308224656","https://openalex.org/W4213087179","https://openalex.org/W7134116495","https://openalex.org/W3208228106","https://openalex.org/W7127124461","https://openalex.org/W4408148825","https://openalex.org/W2783106129","https://openalex.org/W4315795728"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Land":[1,75],"subsidence":[2,49,199,209,233],"caused":[3],"by":[4],"groundwater":[5,15,57,169,175],"extraction":[6],"has":[7,239],"numerous":[8],"negative":[9],"consequences,":[10],"such":[11],"as":[12,30,32],"loss":[13],"of":[14,27,132,168,178,187,192,197,208,214],"storage":[16,170],"and":[17,25,69,86,98,103,106,112,142,157,189,217],"damage":[18],"to":[19,39,52,59,73,94,101,162,174,231],"infrastructure.":[20],"Understanding":[21],"the":[22,33,44,89,107,121,130,153,184,190,201,215],"magnitude,":[23],"timing,":[24],"locations":[26],"land":[28,140,146],"subsidence,":[29],"well":[31],"mechanisms":[34],"driving":[35],"it,":[36],"is":[37,91,99,181],"crucial":[38],"implementing":[40],"mitigation":[41],"strategies,":[42],"yet":[43],"complex,":[45],"nonlinear":[46],"processes":[47],"causing":[48],"are":[50,70],"difficult":[51],"quantify.":[53],"Physical":[54],"models":[55],"relating":[56],"flux":[58],"aquifer":[60],"compaction":[61,177],"exist":[62],"but":[63,88],"require":[64],"substantial":[65],"hydrological":[66],"data":[67,227],"sets":[68],"time":[71,123],"consuming":[72],"calibrate.":[74],"deformation":[76],"can":[77,228],"be":[78,229],"measured":[79],"using":[80],"interferometric":[81],"synthetic":[82],"aperture":[83],"radar":[84],"(InSAR)":[85],"GPS,":[87],"former":[90],"computationally":[92],"expensive":[93],"estimate":[95,158,232],"at":[96,234],"scale":[97,237],"subject":[100],"tropospheric":[102],"ionospheric":[104],"errors,":[105],"latter":[108],"leaves":[109],"many":[110],"temporal":[111],"spatial":[113],"gaps.":[114],"In":[115],"this":[116,150],"study,":[117],"we":[118],"apply":[119,149],"for":[120,195],"first":[122],"a":[124,235],"machine":[125],"learning":[126],"approach":[127],"that":[128,159,223],"quantifies":[129],"relationships":[131],"various":[133],"widely":[134,224],"available":[135,225],"input":[136],"data,":[137],"including":[138],"evapotranspiration,":[139],"use,":[141],"sediment":[143],"thickness,":[144],"with":[145],"subsidence.":[147],"We":[148],"method":[151],"over":[152],"Western":[154,202],"United":[155,203],"States":[156],"from":[160],"2015":[161],"2016,":[163],"~2.0":[164],"km":[165],"3":[166],"/yr":[167],"was":[171],"lost":[172],"due":[173],"pumping\u2010induced":[176],"sediments.":[179],"Subsidence":[180],"concentrated":[182],"in":[183,200,211],"Central":[185],"Valley":[186],"California,":[188],"state":[191],"California":[193],"accounts":[194],"75%":[196],"total":[198],"States.":[204],"Other":[205],"significant":[206],"areas":[207],"occur":[210],"cultivated":[212],"regions":[213],"Basin":[216],"Range":[218],"province.":[219],"This":[220],"study":[221],"demonstrates":[222],"ancillary":[226],"used":[230],"larger":[236],"than":[238],"been":[240],"previously":[241],"possible.":[242]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2020-06-12T00:00:00"}