{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3033309366","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10589759.2020.1774585","title":"Predicting hardness profile of steel specimens subjected to Jominy test using an artificial neural network and electromagnetic nondestructive techniques","display_name":"Predicting hardness profile of steel specimens subjected to Jominy test using an artificial neural network and electromagnetic nondestructive techniques","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-06-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3033309366","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10589759.2020.1774585","mag":"3033309366"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/10589759.2020.1774585","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10589759.2020.1774585","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10589759.2020.1774585","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S55717591","display_name":"Nondestructive Testing And Evaluation","issn_l":"1058-9759","issn":["1058-9759","1477-2671"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063921252","display_name":"Iman Ahadi Akhlaghi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2465-0588","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2465-0588"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3132928613","display_name":"Sadjad University","ror":"https://ror.org/04b9hej41","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3132928613"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Iman Ahadi Akhlaghi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Bioelectric Engineering, Sadjad University of Technology, Mashhad, Iran"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2465-0588","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Bioelectric Engineering, Sadjad University of Technology, Mashhad, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3132928613"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071482247","display_name":"Saeed Kahrobaee","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3132928613","display_name":"Sadjad University","ror":"https://ror.org/04b9hej41","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3132928613"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saeed Kahrobaee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Sadjad University of Technology, Mashhad, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Sadjad University of Technology, Mashhad, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3132928613"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Amir Akbarzadeh","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3132928613","display_name":"Sadjad University","ror":"https://ror.org/04b9hej41","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3132928613"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amir Akbarzadeh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Sadjad University of Technology, Mashhad, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Sadjad University of Technology, Mashhad, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3132928613"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068410203","display_name":"Mehrdad Kashefi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9710-4348","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9710-4348"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86958956","display_name":"Ferdowsi University of Mashhad","ror":"https://ror.org/00g6ka752","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86958956"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mehrdad Kashefi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86958956"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020122236","display_name":"Thomas Walter Krause","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6468-8815","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6468-8815"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51768193","display_name":"Royal Military College of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/04yr71909","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51768193"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas W. Krause","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics and Space Science, Royal Military College of Canada, Kingston, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics and Space Science, Royal Military College of Canada, Kingston, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51768193"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5063921252"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3132928613"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.741,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.65265487,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"36","issue":"4","first_page":"459","last_page":"475"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12169","display_name":"Non-Destructive Testing Techniques","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12169","display_name":"Non-Destructive Testing Techniques","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10386","display_name":"Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Steels","score":0.0019000000320374966,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11222","display_name":"Magnetic Properties and Applications","score":0.0017000000225380063,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2504","display_name":"Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/steel-hardenability","display_name":"steel hardenability","score":0.9660000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jominy-end-quench-test","display_name":"Jominy end-quench test","score":0.9739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetic-hysteresis-loops","display_name":"magnetic hysteresis loops","score":0.9240000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eddy-current-testing","display_name":"eddy current testing","score":0.9430000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aisi-4140-steel","display_name":"AISI 4140 steel","score":0.9300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalized-regression-neural-network","display_name":"generalized regression neural network","score":0.8650000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-destructive-testing","display_name":"non-destructive testing","score":0.7509999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coercivity","display_name":"coercivity","score":0.6710000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hysteresis-loss","display_name":"hysteresis loss","score":0.9179999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/differential-permeability","display_name":"differential permeability","score":0.7179999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/induced-voltage","display_name":"induced voltage","score":0.5559999942779541}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195678695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q540632","display_name":"Hardenability","level":3,"score":0.856041669845581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.7925856113433838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131357438","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208598","display_name":"Eddy current","level":2,"score":0.7340257167816162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56529433","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q626700","display_name":"Nondestructive testing","level":2,"score":0.5352286696434021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4371938109397888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126530901","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q432635","display_name":"Coercivity","level":2,"score":0.437028169631958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47441113","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9691942","display_name":"Magnetic hysteresis","level":4,"score":0.42994213104248047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123299182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190837","display_name":"Hysteresis","level":2,"score":0.4139147996902466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.4026196599006653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.3537117838859558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.33140623569488525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.15641266107559204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115260700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11408","display_name":"Magnetic field","level":2,"score":0.14576241374015808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.12545093894004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.11627078056335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32546565","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856711","display_name":"Magnetization","level":3,"score":0.09239023923873901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26873012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214781","display_name":"Condensed matter physics","level":1,"score":0.08869439363479614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.07813245058059692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780026712","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37756","display_name":"Alloy","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/10589759.2020.1774585","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10589759.2020.1774585","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10589759.2020.1774585","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S55717591","display_name":"Nondestructive Testing And Evaluation","issn_l":"1058-9759","issn":["1058-9759","1477-2671"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1830672062","https://openalex.org/W1976310629","https://openalex.org/W1983273391","https://openalex.org/W1985487481","https://openalex.org/W2002503429","https://openalex.org/W2013718256","https://openalex.org/W2013809950","https://openalex.org/W2015073265","https://openalex.org/W2015137624","https://openalex.org/W2031788376","https://openalex.org/W2032904017","https://openalex.org/W2040580799","https://openalex.org/W2044806038","https://openalex.org/W2090543181","https://openalex.org/W2091912429","https://openalex.org/W2094965789","https://openalex.org/W2113594176","https://openalex.org/W2124503759","https://openalex.org/W2149723649","https://openalex.org/W2170469661","https://openalex.org/W2336190979","https://openalex.org/W2760991083","https://openalex.org/W2774952081","https://openalex.org/W2799442152","https://openalex.org/W2800774513","https://openalex.org/W2896556344","https://openalex.org/W2980867053","https://openalex.org/W3011510942","https://openalex.org/W3156178371"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2069370212","https://openalex.org/W2383482535","https://openalex.org/W3154518284","https://openalex.org/W2040580799","https://openalex.org/W2332915429","https://openalex.org/W4236040620","https://openalex.org/W2911502812","https://openalex.org/W2032736621","https://openalex.org/W2097944511","https://openalex.org/W3158966332"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Based":[0],"on":[1],"relationships":[2],"between":[3],"electromagnetic":[4,19],"properties":[5],"and":[6,33,67,81,95,125,174],"microstructural":[7],"changes":[8],"in":[9,136],"steel,":[10],"the":[11,15,50,90,96,137,155,177],"current":[12,35,75,127],"paper":[13,151],"describes":[14],"development":[16],"of":[17,49,87,113,140,168,176],"an":[18],"technique":[20],"to":[21,40,46,132,159],"determine":[22],"steel":[23,44,169],"hardenability,":[24],"non-destructively.":[25],"Performing":[26],"Jominy":[27,160],"end-quench":[28,161],"test,":[29],"magnetic":[30,61,119],"hysteresis":[31,57,65,123],"loop":[32,58,124],"eddy":[34,74,126],"methods":[36,128,158],"have":[37],"been":[38],"applied":[39],"SAE":[41],"4140":[42],"standard":[43],"samples":[45,170],"explore":[47],"applicability":[48],"non-destructive":[51,157,165],"techniques":[52],"for":[53],"determining":[54],"hardenability.":[55],"Different":[56],"parameters":[59],"(maximum":[60],"flux":[62],"density,":[63],"coercivity,":[64],"loss":[66],"maximum":[68],"differential":[69],"permeability)":[70],"as":[71,73,84],"well":[72],"outputs":[76],"(induced":[77],"voltage,":[78],"normalised":[79],"impedance":[80],"phase":[82],"angle)":[83],"a":[85,99,114,141,145],"function":[86],"distance":[88],"from":[89,122],"end-quenched":[91],"surface":[92],"were":[93],"investigated":[94],"results":[97,135],"show":[98],"clear":[100],"agreement":[101],"with":[102],"data":[103,120,148],"obtained":[104,121],"by":[105],"traditional":[106],"hardness":[107,138],"testing.":[108],"In":[109],"addition,":[110],"taking":[111],"advantage":[112],"generalised":[115],"regression":[116],"neural":[117],"network,":[118],"could":[129],"be":[130],"used":[131],"accurately":[133],"estimate":[134],"profile":[139],"given":[142],"sample,":[143],"using":[144],"few":[146],"training":[147],"points.":[149],"This":[150],"shows":[152],"that":[153],"coupling":[154],"proposed":[156],"test":[162,178],"facilitates":[163],"accurate":[164],"hardenability":[166],"determination":[167],"while":[171],"reducing":[172],"time":[173],"cost":[175],"process.":[179]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-06T12:05:46.655746","created_date":"2020-06-12T00:00:00"}
