{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3032058780","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(20)31234-4","title":"Excess mortality in men and women in Massachusetts during the COVID-19 pandemic","display_name":"Excess mortality in men and women in Massachusetts during the COVID-19 pandemic","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-05-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3032058780","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(20)31234-4","mag":"3032058780","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32473099","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7255340"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(20)31234-4","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(20)31234-4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(20)31234-4","pdf_url":"http://www.thelancet.com/article/S0140673620312344/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S49861241","display_name":"The Lancet","issn_l":"0099-5355","issn":["0099-5355","0140-6736","1474-547X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Lancet","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"http://www.thelancet.com/article/S0140673620312344/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078276438","display_name":"Nancy Krieger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4815-5947","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4815-5947"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nancy Krieger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Electronic address: nkrieger@hsph.harvard.edu","Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Electronic address: nkrieger@hsph.harvard.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058712244","display_name":"Jarvis T. Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7412-1783","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7412-1783"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jarvis T Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073481219","display_name":"Pamela D. Waterman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0187-7165","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0187-7165"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pamela D Waterman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5078276438"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"],"apc_list":{"value":5000,"currency":"USD","value_usd":5000},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.3761,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":101,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95002307,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"395","issue":"10240","first_page":"1829","last_page":"1829"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10410","display_name":"COVID-19 epidemiological studies","score":0.8521000146865845,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2611","display_name":"Modeling and Simulation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10410","display_name":"COVID-19 epidemiological studies","score":0.8521000146865845,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2611","display_name":"Modeling and Simulation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10041","display_name":"COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies","score":0.0949999988079071,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11296","display_name":"COVID-19 and healthcare impacts","score":0.018200000748038292,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covid-19","display_name":"COVID-19 pandemic","score":0.8500000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/excess-mortality","display_name":"excess mortality","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sex-differences-in-mortality","display_name":"sex differences in mortality","score":0.9070000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/age-standardized-mortality-rates","display_name":"age-standardized mortality rates","score":0.7900000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/massachusetts","display_name":"Massachusetts","score":0.375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sex-hormones","display_name":"sex hormones","score":0.38600000739097595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estrogen","display_name":"estrogen","score":0.6759999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sex-differences-in-disease-outcomes","display_name":"sex differences in disease outcomes","score":0.5149999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cause-of-death-assignment","display_name":"cause of death assignment","score":0.5090000033378601}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89623803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12184","display_name":"Pandemic","level":5,"score":0.875657856464386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3008058167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84263196","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","level":4,"score":0.8697341680526733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3006700255","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81068910","display_name":"2019-20 coronavirus outbreak","level":3,"score":0.6782544851303101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3007834351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82069695","display_name":"Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)","level":5,"score":0.6301151514053345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018792137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6914399","display_name":"Excess mortality","level":3,"score":0.46600398421287537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159047783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7215","display_name":"Virology","level":1,"score":0.33358973264694214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74909509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10387","display_name":"Gerontology","level":1,"score":0.32325202226638794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.3199446201324463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3042945861816406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179755657","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58702","display_name":"Mortality rate","level":2,"score":0.17136523127555847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.15745997428894043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524204448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788926","display_name":"Infectious disease (medical specialty)","level":3,"score":0.09660589694976807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116675565","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3241045","display_name":"Outbreak","level":2,"score":0.09280258417129517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.08762478828430176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.06034836173057556}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000073640","descriptor_name":"Betacoronavirus","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086402","descriptor_name":"SARS-CoV-2","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008404","descriptor_name":"Massachusetts","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009026","descriptor_name":"Mortality","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011024","descriptor_name":"Pneumonia, Viral","qualifier_ui":"Q000401","qualifier_name":"mortality","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012744","descriptor_name":"Sex Ratio","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018352","descriptor_name":"Coronavirus Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000401","qualifier_name":"mortality","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D058873","descriptor_name":"Pandemics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(20)31234-4","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(20)31234-4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(20)31234-4","pdf_url":"http://www.thelancet.com/article/S0140673620312344/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S49861241","display_name":"The Lancet","issn_l":"0099-5355","issn":["0099-5355","0140-6736","1474-547X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Lancet","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7255340","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7255340","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lancet","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:32473099","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32473099","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lancet (London, England)","raw_type":"Letter"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(20)31234-4","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(20)31234-4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(20)31234-4","pdf_url":"http://www.thelancet.com/article/S0140673620312344/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S49861241","display_name":"The Lancet","issn_l":"0099-5355","issn":["0099-5355","0140-6736","1474-547X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Lancet","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9391000270843506,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"},{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.4000000059604645,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.8799999952316284,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3032058780.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3032058780.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":2,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2169958318","https://openalex.org/W3020619540"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3207668203","https://openalex.org/W4413063653","https://openalex.org/W3157913560","https://openalex.org/W4413467751","https://openalex.org/W7170131525","https://openalex.org/W7212607029","https://openalex.org/W3100844894","https://openalex.org/W3088267413","https://openalex.org/W4283327781","https://openalex.org/W3124638045"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":36},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":17}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2020-06-05T00:00:00"}