{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3031905511","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn101070-20191108-01113","title":"Analysis of etiology and prognosis of 120 children with pediatric acute liver failure","display_name":"Analysis of etiology and prognosis of 120 children with pediatric acute liver failure","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-04-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3031905511","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn101070-20191108-01113","mag":"3031905511"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:3031905511","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn101070-20191108-01113","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://rs.yiigle.com/CN101070202006/1191011.htm","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3012608218","display_name":"Zhonghua shiyong erke linchuang zazhi","issn_l":"2095-428X","issn":["2095-428X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["poland-20","russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4320800525","host_organization_name":"Chinese Medical Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4320800525"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Chinese Medical Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Zhonghua shiyong erke linchuang zazhi","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Tao Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8482-1046","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8482-1046"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210132733","display_name":"Hunan Children's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03e207173","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132733"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tao Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Hepatopathy Center, Hunan Children\u2032s Hospital, Changsha 410007, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8482-1046","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Hepatopathy Center, Hunan Children\u2032s Hospital, Changsha 410007, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210132733"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050905535","display_name":"Wenxian Ouyang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9928-225X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9928-225X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210132733","display_name":"Hunan Children's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03e207173","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132733"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenxian Ouyang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Hepatopathy Center, Hunan Children\u2032s Hospital, Changsha 410007, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Hepatopathy Center, Hunan Children\u2032s Hospital, Changsha 410007, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210132733"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076780581","display_name":"Yanfang Tan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8025-4067","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8025-4067"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210132733","display_name":"Hunan Children's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03e207173","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132733"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanfang Tan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Hepatopathy Center, Hunan Children\u2032s Hospital, Changsha 410007, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Hepatopathy Center, Hunan Children\u2032s Hospital, Changsha 410007, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210132733"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102796975","display_name":"Lian Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8059-8166","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8059-8166"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210132733","display_name":"Hunan Children's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03e207173","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132733"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lian Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Hepatopathy Center, Hunan Children\u2032s Hospital, Changsha 410007, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8059-8166","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Hepatopathy Center, Hunan Children\u2032s Hospital, Changsha 410007, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210132733"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100323422","display_name":"Hui Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2147-8180","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2147-8180"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210132733","display_name":"Hunan Children's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03e207173","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132733"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hui Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Hepatopathy Center, Hunan Children\u2032s Hospital, Changsha 410007, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2147-8180","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Hepatopathy Center, Hunan Children\u2032s Hospital, Changsha 410007, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210132733"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101904103","display_name":"Zhen Kang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7364-489X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7364-489X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210132733","display_name":"Hunan Children's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03e207173","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132733"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhen Kang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Hepatopathy Center, Hunan Children\u2032s Hospital, Changsha 410007, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Hepatopathy Center, Hunan Children\u2032s Hospital, Changsha 410007, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210132733"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022420344","display_name":"Xi Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3976-4510","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3976-4510"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210132733","display_name":"Hunan Children's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03e207173","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132733"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xi Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Hepatopathy Center, Hunan Children\u2032s Hospital, Changsha 410007, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3976-4510","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Hepatopathy Center, Hunan Children\u2032s Hospital, Changsha 410007, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210132733"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101791499","display_name":"Shuangjie Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4033-9869","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4033-9869"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210132733","display_name":"Hunan Children's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03e207173","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132733"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuangjie Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Hepatopathy Center, Hunan Children\u2032s Hospital, Changsha 410007, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Hepatopathy Center, Hunan Children\u2032s Hospital, Changsha 410007, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210132733"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210132733"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"35","issue":"06","first_page":"422","last_page":"425"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10337","display_name":"Liver Disease and Transplantation","score":0.8065999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2721","display_name":"Hepatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10337","display_name":"Liver Disease and Transplantation","score":0.8065999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2721","display_name":"Hepatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11465","display_name":"Drug-Induced Hepatotoxicity and Protection","score":0.10570000112056732,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3004","display_name":"Pharmacology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12460","display_name":"Pediatric Hepatobiliary Diseases and Treatments","score":0.032099999487400055,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pediatric-acute-liver-failure","display_name":"pediatric acute liver failure","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/etiology","display_name":"etiology","score":0.9700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prognosis","display_name":"prognosis","score":0.8989999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prognostic-factors","display_name":"prognostic factors","score":0.9259999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mortality","display_name":"mortality","score":0.8109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sepsis","display_name":"sepsis","score":0.9409999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inborn-errors-of-metabolism","display_name":"inborn errors of metabolism","score":0.871999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-induced-liver-injury","display_name":"drug-induced liver injury","score":0.7860000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/viral-hepatitis","display_name":"viral hepatitis","score":0.5630000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/citrin-deficiency","display_name":"citrin deficiency","score":0.9440000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tyrosinemia","display_name":"tyrosinemia","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/total-bilirubin","display_name":"total bilirubin","score":0.8080000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prothrombin-time","display_name":"prothrombin time","score":0.9829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/liver-function-recovery","display_name":"liver function recovery","score":0.30399999022483826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/children","display_name":"children","score":0.34599998593330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infants-and-toddlers","display_name":"infants and toddlers","score":0.8090000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elementary-school-students","display_name":"elementary school students","score":0.875}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137627325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156318","display_name":"Etiology","level":2,"score":0.8690778613090515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8247692584991455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.6307486891746521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187212893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123028","display_name":"Pediatrics","level":1,"score":0.5488132834434509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778242525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1340307","display_name":"Toddler","level":2,"score":0.5226733088493347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778384902","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183134","display_name":"Sepsis","level":2,"score":0.5029835104942322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.49606284499168396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:3031905511","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.cn101070-20191108-01113","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://rs.yiigle.com/CN101070202006/1191011.htm","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3012608218","display_name":"Zhonghua shiyong erke linchuang zazhi","issn_l":"2095-428X","issn":["2095-428X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["poland-20","russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4320800525","host_organization_name":"Chinese Medical Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4320800525"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Chinese Medical Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Zhonghua shiyong erke linchuang zazhi","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3032792475","https://openalex.org/W2535049951","https://openalex.org/W2293394669","https://openalex.org/W2034159061","https://openalex.org/W4406478578","https://openalex.org/W2050410733","https://openalex.org/W2314709198","https://openalex.org/W4392651205","https://openalex.org/W3099812318","https://openalex.org/W4312210995"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Objective\r\nTo":[0],"investigate":[1],"the":[2,17,44,51,53,58,62,72,155,163,174,198,216,236,239,281,288,295,326,333,340,376,382],"etiology,":[3],"prognosis":[4,47],"and":[5,43,46,61,86,97,100,109,148,170,189,191,193,206,226,269,287,332,343,361,375,381,387],"prognostic":[6],"factors":[7],"of":[8,22,26,75,157,177,201,209,218,232,297,355,369,378,384],"pediatric":[9],"acute":[10],"liver":[11,394],"failure(PALF),":[12],"in":[13,179,203,280,346],"order":[14],"to":[15,38,50],"provide":[16],"basis":[18],"for":[19],"clinical":[20,24],"treatment":[21],"PALF.\r\n\r\n\r\nMethods\r\nThe":[23],"data":[25,77],"children":[27,205,210,356],"with":[28,165,211,235,357],"PALF":[29,91,212,358],"hospitalized":[30],"at":[31],"Hunan":[32],"Children\u2032s":[33],"Hospital":[34],"from":[35],"May":[36,39],"2008":[37],"2018":[40],"were":[41,48,55,68,78,94,102,115,173,183,197,284,290,329,335],"collected,":[42],"causes":[45],"analyzed.According":[49],"prognosis,":[52],"patients":[54,182],"divided":[56],"into":[57],"death":[59,282,327],"group":[60,283,328],"survival":[63,237],"group,":[64,238],"whose":[65],"biochemical":[66],"indexes":[67],"then":[69],"compared.After":[70],"that,":[71],"statistical":[73],"analysis":[74],"different":[76,362,366],"carried":[79],"out":[80],"by":[81,117,122,129,134,140,145,152,186],"using":[82],"t-test,":[83],"Wilcoxon":[84],"test":[85,88],"\u03c72":[87],"separately.\r\n\r\n\r\nResults\r\nIn":[89],"120":[90],"cases,":[92],"there":[93,101],"68":[95],"males":[96],"52":[98],"females,":[99],"36":[103],"infants,":[104,180],"34":[105],"toddlers,":[106],"22":[107],"preschoolers":[108],"28":[110],"school-age":[111,204],"children.Twenty":[112],"cases":[113,120,127,132,138,159,164],"(16.7%)":[114],"caused":[116,185],"sepsis,":[118,223],"19":[119],"(15.8%)":[121],"genetic":[123,168],"metabolic":[124,169,195],"diseases,":[125],"18":[126],"(15.0%)":[128],"poisoning,":[130],"12":[131],"(10.0%)":[133],"viral":[135],"infection,":[136],"6":[137],"(5.0%)":[139],"drugs,":[141],"1":[142,149,306],"case":[143,150],"(0.8%)":[144,151],"bile":[146],"polyp,":[147],"tumor":[153],"disease.Besides,":[154],"etiology":[156],"43":[158],"(35.9%)":[160],"was":[161,213,228],"unknown.Among":[162],"known":[166],"etiologies,":[167],"infectious":[171,187],"diseases":[172,188,196],"main":[175],"cause":[176,200],"disease":[178,202],"toddler":[181],"mostly":[184],"drug/toxicants,":[190],"drug/toxicants":[192],"hereditary":[194],"dominant":[199],"preschoolers.Mortality":[207],"rate":[208],"50.0%.Among":[214],"them,":[215],"mortality":[217,354],"Epstein-Barr":[219],"virus-associated":[220],"hemophagocytic":[221],"syndrome,":[222],"Citrin":[224],"deficiency":[225],"Tyrosinemia":[227],"higher":[229],"than":[230],"that":[231],"other":[233],"diseases.Compared":[234],"total":[240],"bilirubin":[241],"(TB)[159.00(73.05,":[242],"274.00)":[243],"\u03bcmol/L":[244,250,276],"vs.62.75(2.65,":[245],"221.75)\u03bcmol/L],":[246],"direct":[247],"bilirubin(DB)[83.00(41.43,":[248],"160.00)":[249],"vs.38.74(10.98,":[251],"128.75)":[252],"\u03bcmol/L],":[253],"prothrombin":[254],"time":[255],"(PT)[39.60(24.93,":[256],"62.60)":[257],"s":[258],"vs.24.65(21.43,":[259],"29.83)":[260],"s],":[261],"international":[262],"standardized":[263],"ratio":[264,377],"(INR)[3.40(2.30,":[265],"6.74)":[266],"vs.2.09(1.85,":[267],"2.84)],":[268],"blood":[270,341],"ammonia":[271],"(NH3)":[272],"levels":[273,296,345],"[109.50(85.25,":[274],"149.75)":[275],"vs.80.00(60.25,":[277],"102.75)":[278],"\u03bcmol/L]":[279],"significantly":[285,330],"increased,":[286],"diffe-rences":[289],"statistically":[291,336,351],"significant(all":[292,337],"P<0.05);":[293],"while":[294],"albumin[(28.72\u00b15.88)":[298],"g/L":[299],"vs.(33.69\u00b14.96)":[300],"g/L],":[301],"alanine":[302],"aminotransferase":[303,315],"(ALT)":[304],"[586.50(223.25,":[305],"082.00)":[307],"U/L":[308,320],"vs.1":[309,321],"434.00(615.00,":[310],"3":[311],"334.50)":[312],"U/L]and":[313],"aspartate":[314],"(AST)":[316],"[827.50(545.00,":[317],"2":[318],"024.00)":[319],"663.50(821.00,":[322],"4":[323],"886.75)":[324],"U/L]in":[325],"decreased,":[331],"differences":[334],"P<0.05).":[338],"However,":[339],"glucose":[342],"cholesterol":[344],"both":[347],"groups":[348,364],"had":[349],"no":[350],"significant":[352],"difference.\r\n\r\n\r\nConclusion\r\nThe":[353],"is":[359],"high,":[360],"age":[363],"have":[365],"etiologies.The":[367],"increase":[368],"TB,":[370],"DB,":[371],"PT,":[372],"INR,":[373],"NH3":[374],"hepatic":[379],"encephalopathy,":[380],"decrease":[383],"albumin,":[385],"AST":[386],"ALT":[388],"suggest":[389],"poor":[390],"prognosis.\r\n\r\n\r\nKey":[391],"words:":[392],"\r\nChild;\u00a0Acute":[393],"failure;\u00a0Etiology;\u00a0Prognosis":[395]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2020-06-05T00:00:00"}