{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3030946017","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0890334420931397","title":"Associations Between Variations in Breast Anatomy and Early Breastfeeding Challenges","display_name":"Associations Between Variations in Breast Anatomy and Early Breastfeeding Challenges","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-06-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3030946017","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0890334420931397","mag":"3030946017","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32484716"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/0890334420931397","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0890334420931397","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0890334420931397","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S84590487","display_name":"Journal of Human Lactation","issn_l":"0890-3344","issn":["0890-3344","1552-5732"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Human Lactation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022475947","display_name":"Alison K. Ventura","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2948-4446","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2948-4446"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149919469","display_name":"California Polytechnic State University","ror":"https://ror.org/001gpfp45","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149919469"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Alison K. Ventura","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Kinesiology and Public Health; Center for Health Research, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA","Department of Kinesiology and Public Health"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2948-4446","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Kinesiology and Public Health; Center for Health Research, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149919469"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Kinesiology and Public Health","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028454363","display_name":"Brittany Lore","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149919469","display_name":"California Polytechnic State University","ror":"https://ror.org/001gpfp45","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149919469"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brittany Lore","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Kinesiology and Public Health; Center for Health Research, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA","Department of Kinesiology and Public Health"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Kinesiology and Public Health; Center for Health Research, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149919469"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Kinesiology and Public Health","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049095504","display_name":"Olga Mireles","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802827176","display_name":"Dignity Health","ror":"https://ror.org/05c9r4685","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802827176"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Olga Mireles","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dignity Health French Hospital Medical Center Breastfeeding Center, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dignity Health French Hospital Medical Center Breastfeeding Center, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802827176"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5022475947"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149919469"],"apc_list":{"value":3000,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3000},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6125,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82663836,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"37","issue":"2","first_page":"403","last_page":"413"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10979","display_name":"Breastfeeding Practices and Influences","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10979","display_name":"Breastfeeding Practices and Influences","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11294","display_name":"Infant Nutrition and Health","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2916","display_name":"Nutrition and Dietetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/29","display_name":"Nursing"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10453","display_name":"Maternal and Perinatal Health Interventions","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2729","display_name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/breast-anatomy","display_name":"breast anatomy","score":0.906000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/breastfeeding-difficulties","display_name":"breastfeeding difficulties","score":0.7919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infant-latching","display_name":"infant latching","score":0.4819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sore-nipples","display_name":"sore nipples","score":0.9570000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-milk-supply","display_name":"low milk supply","score":0.9739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infant-weight-gain","display_name":"infant weight gain","score":0.9779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/postpartum-women","display_name":"postpartum women","score":0.6990000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anatomical-variation","display_name":"anatomical variation","score":0.6449999809265137}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776283161","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174876","display_name":"Breastfeeding","level":2,"score":0.9087767601013184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.816105306148529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020294031","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174876","display_name":"Breast feeding","level":2,"score":0.5623698830604553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131872663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5284418","display_name":"Obstetrics","level":1,"score":0.5262236595153809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775871700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22728","display_name":"Breast milk","level":2,"score":0.45405107736587524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776659692","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q719426","display_name":"Lactation","level":3,"score":0.45088493824005127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779234561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11995","display_name":"Pregnancy","level":2,"score":0.2622779309749603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187212893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123028","display_name":"Pediatrics","level":1,"score":0.22705164551734924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0656057596206665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001942","descriptor_name":"Breast Feeding","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007223","descriptor_name":"Infant","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009035","descriptor_name":"Mothers","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009558","descriptor_name":"Nipples","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015430","descriptor_name":"Weight Gain","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049590","descriptor_name":"Postpartum Period","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/0890334420931397","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0890334420931397","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0890334420931397","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S84590487","display_name":"Journal of Human Lactation","issn_l":"0890-3344","issn":["0890-3344","1552-5732"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Human Lactation","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:32484716","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32484716","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of human lactation : official journal of International Lactation Consultant Association","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:digitalcommons.calpoly.edu:kine_fac-1144","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/kine_fac/139","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196328","display_name":"DigitalCommons - CalPoly (California State Polytechnic University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I98947143","host_organization_name":"California State Polytechnic University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98947143"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Kinesiology and Public Health","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9391000270843506,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"},{"score":0.40450000762939453,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W261493166","https://openalex.org/W1484864026","https://openalex.org/W1495643041","https://openalex.org/W1609095852","https://openalex.org/W1924064069","https://openalex.org/W1972049751","https://openalex.org/W1981957603","https://openalex.org/W2132552533","https://openalex.org/W2161695432","https://openalex.org/W2168885658","https://openalex.org/W2325317649","https://openalex.org/W2337430471","https://openalex.org/W2602058249","https://openalex.org/W2603638939","https://openalex.org/W2775606058","https://openalex.org/W2796173535","https://openalex.org/W2889396982","https://openalex.org/W2942638054","https://openalex.org/W2944238967","https://openalex.org/W4212888212","https://openalex.org/W4213184111","https://openalex.org/W4238423387","https://openalex.org/W6755708993"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2942638054","https://openalex.org/W7135461554","https://openalex.org/W4281729375","https://openalex.org/W4390110506","https://openalex.org/W7204496153","https://openalex.org/W4414259799","https://openalex.org/W2398745717","https://openalex.org/W2088366670","https://openalex.org/W1981957603","https://openalex.org/W1998198105"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"Mothers":[1],"with":[2,27,59,113,118,130,138,148,162,172],"anatomic":[3],"variability":[4],"(e.g.,":[5],"shorter,":[6],"wider":[7,107,123,144,168],"nipples;":[8],"denser":[9,126],"areolas)":[10],"may":[11],"experience":[12],"breastfeeding":[13,31,61],"challenges":[14,62],"disproportionately.":[15],"RESEARCH":[16],"AIM:":[17],"To":[18],"examine":[19],"whether":[20],"variations":[21],"in":[22],"breast":[23,56,94,194],"anatomy":[24,195],"are":[25],"associated":[26,112,129,147,171],"risk":[28,115,132,150,174],"for":[29,78,116,133,151,175],"early":[30,60],"challenges.":[32],"METHODS:":[33],"Participants":[34],"included":[35],"mothers":[36],"<":[37],"6":[38],"weeks":[39],"postpartum.":[40],"Nipple":[41],"base":[42],"width,":[43],"nipple":[44],"length,":[45],"and":[46,54,71,95,108,125,143,155,167,179],"areolar":[47],"density":[48],"were":[49,63,146,170],"measured":[50],"on":[51,91,100],"the":[52,92,101,120],"right":[53,79,102],"left":[55,93],"separately.":[57],"Experiences":[58],"determined":[64],"through":[65],"a":[66],"combination":[67,105,121],"of":[68,86,106,122,193],"maternal":[69],"report":[70],"clinical":[72],"assessment.":[73],"RESULTS:":[74],"=":[75,82],"3.2)":[76],"mm":[77],"breasts":[80],"(range":[81],"5-20":[83],"mm);":[84],"35%":[85],"participants":[87,137,161],"had":[88,97],"dense":[89,98,140,164],"areolas":[90,99,127],"36%":[96],"breast.":[103],"The":[104],"longer":[109,166],"nipples":[110,124,145,169],"was":[111,128],"greater":[114,131,149,173],"difficulties":[117],"latch;":[119],"sore":[134],"nipples.":[135],"For":[136,160],"more":[139],"areolas,":[141,165],"shorter":[142],"low":[152,176],"milk":[153,177],"supply":[154,178],"slow":[156,180],"infant":[157,181],"weight":[158,182],"gain.":[159,183],"less":[163],"CONCLUSION:":[184],"Further":[185],"research":[186],"is":[187],"needed":[188],"to":[189,199],"understand":[190],"how":[191],"measures":[192],"can":[196],"be":[197],"used":[198],"guide":[200],"targeted":[201],"intervention":[202],"efforts.":[203]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2020-06-05T00:00:00"}
