{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3030573137","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1101/pdb.prot101220","title":"Transformation of Escherichia coli by Electroporation","display_name":"Transformation of Escherichia coli by Electroporation","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3030573137","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1101/pdb.prot101220","mag":"3030573137","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32482901"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1101/pdb.prot101220","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1101/pdb.prot101220","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1101/pdb.prot101220","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S119953358","display_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Protocols","issn_l":"1559-6095","issn":["1559-6095","1940-3402"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315909","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315909"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Protocols","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060605798","display_name":"Michael R. Green","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3017-3298","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3017-3298","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6309-9472"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael R. Green","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112152140","display_name":"Joseph Sambrook","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joseph Sambrook","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":47,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"2020","issue":"6","first_page":"pdb.prot101220","last_page":"pdb.prot101220"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10120","display_name":"Bacterial Genetics and Biotechnology","score":0.7411999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10120","display_name":"Bacterial Genetics and Biotechnology","score":0.7411999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11455","display_name":"Microbial Inactivation Methods","score":0.25780001282691956,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1305","display_name":"Biotechnology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10878","display_name":"CRISPR and Genetic Engineering","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/escherichia-coli","display_name":"Escherichia coli","score":0.9739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electroporation","display_name":"electroporation","score":0.9760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrocompetent-cells","display_name":"electrocompetent cells","score":0.8109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bacterial-transformation","display_name":"bacterial transformation","score":0.9559999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dna-uptake","display_name":"DNA uptake","score":0.6449999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glycerol","display_name":"glycerol","score":0.5440000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ionic-strength","display_name":"ionic strength","score":0.5569999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/snap-freezing","display_name":"snap freezing","score":0.503000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformation-efficiency","display_name":"transformation efficiency","score":0.6340000033378601}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186852380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1142521","display_name":"Electroporation","level":3,"score":0.873193621635437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C523546767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10876","display_name":"Bacteria","level":2,"score":0.67971271276474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105341887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1307987","display_name":"Suspension (topology)","level":3,"score":0.6540031433105469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204241405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461499","display_name":"Transformation (genetics)","level":3,"score":0.5758416652679443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C547475151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25419","display_name":"Escherichia coli","level":3,"score":0.5507055521011353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780881558","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q132501","display_name":"Glycerol","level":2,"score":0.5447325706481934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.5375757813453674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68528507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q692267","display_name":"Cryoprotectant","level":4,"score":0.48927995562553406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178050479","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7834084","display_name":"Transformation efficiency","level":5,"score":0.48676347732543945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145018004","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4985944","display_name":"Buffer (optical fiber)","level":2,"score":0.4650249481201172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.43665066361427307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12554922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7100","display_name":"Biophysics","level":1,"score":0.39075690507888794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42360764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588","display_name":"Chemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3760673403739929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.23241442441940308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.200935959815979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95444343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7141","display_name":"Cell biology","level":1,"score":0.19506943225860596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179933525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1144664","display_name":"Cryopreservation","level":3,"score":0.14077803492546082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196843134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33196","display_name":"Embryo","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779656422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2700446","display_name":"Agrobacterium","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5961521","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q746083","display_name":"Homotopy","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D004247","descriptor_name":"DNA","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004247","descriptor_name":"DNA","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004926","descriptor_name":"Escherichia coli","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004926","descriptor_name":"Escherichia coli","qualifier_ui":"Q000254","qualifier_name":"growth & development","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010957","descriptor_name":"Plasmids","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013696","descriptor_name":"Temperature","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014169","descriptor_name":"Transformation, Bacterial","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014867","descriptor_name":"Water","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018274","descriptor_name":"Electroporation","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018274","descriptor_name":"Electroporation","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1101/pdb.prot101220","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1101/pdb.prot101220","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1101/pdb.prot101220","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S119953358","display_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Protocols","issn_l":"1559-6095","issn":["1559-6095","1940-3402"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315909","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315909"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Protocols","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:32482901","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32482901","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cold Spring Harbor protocols","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W31360956","https://openalex.org/W1974903923","https://openalex.org/W1985318686","https://openalex.org/W2017835498","https://openalex.org/W2051431720","https://openalex.org/W2067641840","https://openalex.org/W2082805027","https://openalex.org/W2126690620","https://openalex.org/W2152845055","https://openalex.org/W2437080972"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2135722206","https://openalex.org/W7097229156","https://openalex.org/W1727138331","https://openalex.org/W2965775401","https://openalex.org/W2001645475","https://openalex.org/W2182761324","https://openalex.org/W3208595378","https://openalex.org/W2012131407","https://openalex.org/W3134859913","https://openalex.org/W2134263862"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Preparing":[0],"electrocompetent":[1],"bacteria":[2,58],"is":[3],"considerably":[4],"easier":[5],"than":[6],"preparing":[7],"cells":[8],"for":[9,79],"transformation":[10],"by":[11,59],"chemical":[12],"methods.":[13],"Bacteria":[14],"are":[15],"simply":[16],"grown":[17],"to":[18,32,62,81],"mid-log":[19],"phase,":[20],"chilled,":[21],"centrifuged,":[22],"washed":[23],"extensively":[24],"with":[25],"ice-cold":[26,46],"buffer":[27,47],"or":[28],"H":[29],"2":[30],"O":[31],"reduce":[33],"the":[34,38,57,69],"ionic":[35],"strength":[36],"of":[37,88],"cell":[39,70],"suspension,":[40],"and":[41,75],"then":[42],"suspended":[43],"in":[44],"an":[45],"containing":[48],"10%":[49],"glycerol.":[50],"DNA":[51],"may":[52,72],"be":[53,73],"introduced":[54],"immediately":[55],"into":[56],"exposing":[60],"them":[61],"a":[63],"short":[64],"high-voltage":[65],"electrical":[66],"discharge.":[67],"Alternatively,":[68],"suspension":[71],"snap-frozen":[74],"stored":[76],"at":[77],"\u221270\u00b0C":[78],"up":[80],"6":[82],"mo":[83],"before":[84],"electroporation,":[85],"without":[86],"loss":[87],"transforming":[89],"efficiency.":[90]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2020-06-05T00:00:00"}