{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3027307757","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/desc.12998","title":"Breadth versus depth: Cumulative risk model and continuous measure prediction of poor language and reading outcomes at 12","display_name":"Breadth versus depth: Cumulative risk model and continuous measure prediction of poor language and reading outcomes at 12","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-05-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3027307757","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/desc.12998","mag":"3027307757","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32449284","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11475567"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/desc.12998","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/desc.12998","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/desc.12998","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/desc.12998","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S154906575","display_name":"Developmental Science","issn_l":"1363-755X","issn":["1363-755X","1467-7687"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Developmental Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/desc.12998","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001264326","display_name":"Marianna E. Hayiou\u2010Thomas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1163-2671","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1163-2671"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52099693","display_name":"University of York","ror":"https://ror.org/04m01e293","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52099693"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Marianna E. Hayiou\u2010Thomas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, University of York, York, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1163-2671","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, University of York, York, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52099693"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044551645","display_name":"Emily Smith\u2010Woolley","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7822-9070","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7822-9070"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087690","display_name":"Physiological Society","ror":"https://ror.org/003pxap67","country_code":"GB","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087690"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emily Smith\u2010Woolley","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Physiological Society, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Physiological Society, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087690"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065475749","display_name":"Philip S. Dale","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7697-8510","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7697-8510"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169521973","display_name":"University of New Mexico","ror":"https://ror.org/05fs6jp91","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169521973"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Philip S. Dale","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Speech & Hearing Sciences University of New Mexico Albuquerque NM USA","Department of Speech & Hearing Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7697-8510","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Speech & Hearing Sciences University of New Mexico Albuquerque NM USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169521973"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Speech & Hearing Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169521973"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5001264326"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52099693"],"apc_list":{"value":3800,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3800},"apc_paid":{"value":3800,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3800},"fwci":5.2356,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":28,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95245372,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"1","first_page":"e12998","last_page":"e12998"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10103","display_name":"Reading and Literacy Development","score":0.923799991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10103","display_name":"Reading and Literacy Development","score":0.923799991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10730","display_name":"Language Development and Disorders","score":0.0738999992609024,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14104","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology","score":0.0007999999797903001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3206","display_name":"Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cumulative-risk","display_name":"cumulative risk","score":0.8339999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/early-childhood-risk-factors","display_name":"early childhood risk factors","score":0.8389999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-outcomes","display_name":"language outcomes","score":0.7009999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reading-outcomes","display_name":"reading outcomes","score":0.8100000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/literacy","display_name":"literacy","score":0.3889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reading-fluency","display_name":"reading fluency","score":0.7670000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reading-comprehension","display_name":"reading comprehension","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emergent-literacy","display_name":"emergent literacy","score":0.7739999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonverbal-skills","display_name":"nonverbal skills","score":0.8119999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-development","display_name":"speech development","score":0.49000000953674316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/familial-risk","display_name":"familial risk","score":0.6740000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/early-adolescence","display_name":"early adolescence","score":0.7400000095367432}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.7750356197357178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.7093257904052734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554936623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199657","display_name":"Reading (process)","level":2,"score":0.6809133887290955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994039464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217690","display_name":"Cumulative risk","level":2,"score":0.4394156336784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.423043429851532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.36706000566482544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.3336314857006073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.3330618143081665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.11585104465484619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.0982811450958252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000067010","descriptor_name":"Literacy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002675","descriptor_name":"Child, Preschool","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007802","descriptor_name":"Language","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008137","descriptor_name":"Longitudinal Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011932","descriptor_name":"Reading","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013060","descriptor_name":"Speech","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/desc.12998","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/desc.12998","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/desc.12998","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/desc.12998","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S154906575","display_name":"Developmental Science","issn_l":"1363-755X","issn":["1363-755X","1467-7687"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Developmental Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:11475567","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11475567","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Dev Sci","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:32449284","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32449284","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Developmental science","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.whiterose.ac.uk:160974","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1163-2671>,","pdf_url":"https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/160974/3/desc.12998.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400854","display_name":"White Rose Research Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2800616092","host_organization_name":"White Rose University Consortium","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800616092"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/desc.12998","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/desc.12998","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/desc.12998","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/desc.12998","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S154906575","display_name":"Developmental Science","issn_l":"1363-755X","issn":["1363-755X","1467-7687"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Developmental Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.8199999928474426}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2761558319","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"G0901245","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334626","funder_display_name":"Medical Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G463724992","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MR/M021475","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334626","funder_display_name":"Medical Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4795622352","display_name":"Origins of learning difficulties and behaviour problems: from behavioural genetics to behavioural genomics.","funder_award_id":"MR/M021475/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334626","funder_display_name":"Medical Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334626","display_name":"Medical Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/03x94j517"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3027307757.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3027307757.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":59,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W153682708","https://openalex.org/W1533895613","https://openalex.org/W1540152178","https://openalex.org/W1542246834","https://openalex.org/W1887510520","https://openalex.org/W1946554632","https://openalex.org/W1965551285","https://openalex.org/W1972063350","https://openalex.org/W1976844911","https://openalex.org/W1976954477","https://openalex.org/W1977639142","https://openalex.org/W1977924308","https://openalex.org/W1978578901","https://openalex.org/W1981139344","https://openalex.org/W1985607658","https://openalex.org/W1987628734","https://openalex.org/W1988212471","https://openalex.org/W1990387872","https://openalex.org/W1997250225","https://openalex.org/W1998447874","https://openalex.org/W2005750438","https://openalex.org/W2007383367","https://openalex.org/W2013549254","https://openalex.org/W2018160442","https://openalex.org/W2019918747","https://openalex.org/W2027317335","https://openalex.org/W2034122200","https://openalex.org/W2041716350","https://openalex.org/W2065733831","https://openalex.org/W2075314701","https://openalex.org/W2084855399","https://openalex.org/W2088910861","https://openalex.org/W2090266626","https://openalex.org/W2091909089","https://openalex.org/W2102150307","https://openalex.org/W2105619537","https://openalex.org/W2109352893","https://openalex.org/W2123370096","https://openalex.org/W2133170895","https://openalex.org/W2137789141","https://openalex.org/W2150092668","https://openalex.org/W2156351496","https://openalex.org/W2162983931","https://openalex.org/W2169265688","https://openalex.org/W2171090657","https://openalex.org/W2172145194","https://openalex.org/W2194903306","https://openalex.org/W2213327213","https://openalex.org/W2321231052","https://openalex.org/W2336526731","https://openalex.org/W2510455997","https://openalex.org/W2551387698","https://openalex.org/W2559284840","https://openalex.org/W2562554144","https://openalex.org/W2755277146","https://openalex.org/W2887257227","https://openalex.org/W2907022051","https://openalex.org/W3028299966","https://openalex.org/W4241566858"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W651020410","https://openalex.org/W7097013410","https://openalex.org/W4412458496","https://openalex.org/W6888886663","https://openalex.org/W1965892759","https://openalex.org/W2082771371","https://openalex.org/W2523024321","https://openalex.org/W2060093667","https://openalex.org/W2995248638","https://openalex.org/W4402591928"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1],"examines":[2],"whether,":[3],"and":[4,51,57,71,210,232],"how,":[5],"multiple":[6],"risks":[7],"in":[8,24,32],"early":[9,25,100,238],"childhood":[10],"are":[11,67],"associated":[12],"with":[13,90,111,162,212],"an":[14],"increased":[15],"likelihood":[16,182],"of":[17,62,85,98,129,158,180,183,215,224,230,237],"a":[18,76,91,126,130,176,184,227],"poor":[19,52,131],"language":[20,185],"or":[21,83,138,186],"literacy":[22,56,187],"outcome":[23,112,132],"adolescence.":[26],"Using":[27],"data":[28],"from":[29],"210":[30],"participants":[31],"the":[33,42,81,96,99,156,181,194,213,222,235],"longitudinal":[34],"Twins":[35],"Early":[36],"Developmental":[37],"Study,":[38],"we":[39,172],"focus":[40],"on":[41,165],"following":[43],"risk":[44,87,105,122,167,225],"factors":[45,123],"at":[46,64,169],"age":[47,65,170],"4:":[48],"family":[49],"risk,":[50],"language,":[53,68],"speech,":[54],"emergent":[55],"nonverbal":[58],"skills.":[59],"The":[60],"outcomes":[61],"interest":[63],"12":[66],"reading":[69,72],"fluency":[70],"comprehension.":[73],"We":[74],"contrast":[75],"'cumulative":[77,104,216],"risk'":[78],"model,":[79],"counting":[80],"presence":[82],"absence":[84],"each":[86,159],"factor":[88],"(breadth),":[89],"model":[92],"that":[93,119,146,221,234],"also":[94],"considers":[95],"severity":[97,157,236],"deficits":[101,239],"(depth).":[102],"A":[103],"index'":[106],"correlated":[107],"modestly":[108],"but":[109],"significantly":[110,243],"(r":[113],"=":[114,196,201,206],"0.32-0.40).":[115],"Odds":[116],"ratios":[117],"confirmed":[118],"having":[120,136],"many":[121],"(3-6)":[124],"confers":[125],"higher":[127],"probability":[128],"(OR":[133,140],"7.86-17.71)":[134],"than":[135],"one":[137],"two":[139],"3.65-7.28).":[141],"Logistic":[142],"regression":[143],"models":[144],"showed":[145],"predictive":[147],"validity":[148],"is":[149,226],"not":[150,241],"improved":[151],"by":[152],"including":[153],"information":[154,164],"about":[155],"deficit.":[160],"Even":[161],"rich":[163],"children's":[166],"status":[168],"4,":[171],"can":[173],"make":[174],"only":[175],"moderately":[177],"accurate":[178],"prediction":[179],"disorder":[188],"8":[189],"years":[190],"later":[191],"(Area":[192],"Under":[193],"Curve":[195],"0.74-0.84;":[197],"Positive":[198],"Predictive":[199,204],"Value":[200,205],"0.33-0.55,":[202],"Negative":[203],"0.86-0.91).":[207],"Taken":[208],"together,":[209],"consistent":[211],"idea":[214],"risk',":[217],"these":[218],"results":[219],"suggest":[220],"breadth":[223],"core":[228],"predictor":[229],"outcome,":[231],"furthermore,":[233],"does":[240],"add":[242],"to":[244],"this":[245],"prediction.":[246]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2020-05-29T00:00:00"}