{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3025945468","doi":null,"title":"Efficacy of Teeth Whitening with a Mouthwash: In Vitro and In Vivo Approaches.","display_name":"Efficacy of Teeth Whitening with a Mouthwash: In Vitro and In Vivo Approaches.","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3025945468","mag":"3025945468","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29758152"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:29758152","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29758152","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of clinical dentistry","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Franco Gasparri","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131729948","display_name":"University of Salerno","ror":"https://ror.org/0192m2k53","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131729948"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Franco Gasparri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pharmacy (DIFARMA), University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmacy (DIFARMA), University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131729948"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078997194","display_name":"B.R. Schemehorn","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163121","display_name":"Therametric Technologies (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05and0d04","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210163121"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bruce Richard Schemehorn","raw_affiliation_strings":["Thermetric Technologies, Inc., Noblesville, IN, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Thermetric Technologies, Inc., Noblesville, IN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163121"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073089853","display_name":"Andrea Zanardi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210147612","display_name":"Mylan (Italy)","ror":"https://ror.org/04k443z34","country_code":"IT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210147612","https://openalex.org/I4210159288","https://openalex.org/I4387153459"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrea Zanardi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Global Parapharmaceutical Science, Mylan s.p.a., Monza (MB), Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Global Parapharmaceutical Science, Mylan s.p.a., Monza (MB), Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210147612"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9964,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77400085,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"29","issue":"1","first_page":"13","last_page":"17"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11958","display_name":"Dental Erosion and Treatment","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3500","display_name":"General Dentistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11958","display_name":"Dental Erosion and Treatment","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3500","display_name":"General Dentistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10368","display_name":"Dental Health and Care Utilization","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3500","display_name":"General Dentistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11452","display_name":"Oral Health Pathology and Treatment","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3500","display_name":"General Dentistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tooth-bleaching","display_name":"tooth bleaching","score":0.9599999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mouthwash","display_name":"mouthwash","score":0.9800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chlorhexidine","display_name":"chlorhexidine","score":0.9380000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polyvinylpyrrolidone","display_name":"polyvinylpyrrolidone","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extrinsic-tooth-staining","display_name":"extrinsic tooth staining","score":0.9660000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tooth-color","display_name":"tooth color","score":0.6320000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oral-mucosa","display_name":"oral mucosa","score":0.35600000619888306}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207001950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141124","display_name":"In vivo","level":2,"score":0.7140399217605591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781294515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2733470","display_name":"Stain","level":3,"score":0.6803325414657593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199343813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12128","display_name":"Dentistry","level":1,"score":0.6101697087287903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156423089","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q374869","display_name":"Colorimeter","level":2,"score":0.605663537979126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27081682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q269829","display_name":"Placebo","level":3,"score":0.6037342548370361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74864618","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2332446","display_name":"Staining","level":2,"score":0.5767775774002075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777084678","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15646788","display_name":"Chlorhexidine","level":2,"score":0.5717978477478027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5110381841659546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C504460877","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q155925","display_name":"Saliva","level":2,"score":0.48892489075660706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780262163","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q143458","display_name":"Tooth whitening","level":2,"score":0.43186965584754944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156887251","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2386424","display_name":"Enamel paint","level":2,"score":0.41463959217071533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.14173611998558044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.1266690492630005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.10659328103065491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150903083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7108","display_name":"Biotechnology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002417","descriptor_name":"Cattle","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003802","descriptor_name":"Dentifrices","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004311","descriptor_name":"Double-Blind Method","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009067","descriptor_name":"Mouthwashes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011897","descriptor_name":"Random Allocation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014073","descriptor_name":"Tooth Bleaching","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014075","descriptor_name":"Tooth Discoloration","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:29758152","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29758152","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of clinical dentistry","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:3025945468","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29758152","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9763000011444092,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/clinical-trial","display_name":"Clinical Trial"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":5,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1557031796","https://openalex.org/W2115638582","https://openalex.org/W2127185034","https://openalex.org/W2137255923","https://openalex.org/W2613583447"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7065505315","https://openalex.org/W3025574499","https://openalex.org/W2980959983","https://openalex.org/W2029975711","https://openalex.org/W2093629700","https://openalex.org/W4396855491","https://openalex.org/W3111474621","https://openalex.org/W7131348033","https://openalex.org/W4391151809","https://openalex.org/W3179107033"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVES:":[0],"Two":[1],"different":[2,179],"studies":[3],"were":[4,70,83,104,168,205],"conducted":[5],"to":[6,49,72,96,101,145,287],"evaluate":[7,146],"the":[8,44,52,58,130,134,140,147,227,241,260,276,289,293,310,323,364],"whitening":[9,148,257,290,328],"efficacy":[10,291],"of":[11,43,60,76,119,133,139,152,292,325],"a":[12,15,98,110,155,159,178,213,233,264,327,331,348],"mouthwash":[13,25,53,157,180,294,332],"versus":[14,154,275,363],"placebo":[16,156],"using":[17,129,330],"in":[18,21,45,62,86,107,141,158,197,208,228,236,246,259,268,280,283,309,351,354,356],"vitro":[19,46,229,281,352],"and":[20,37,115,150,192,200,202,255,274,282,298,342,353,362],"vivomodels.":[22],"The":[23,41,81,117,137,207,245,279,301,344],"tested":[24,346],"was":[26,48,123,144,252],"formulated":[27],"with":[28,109,334],"no":[29,335],"oxidizing":[30,336],"or":[31,182,337],"abrasive":[32,338],"agents":[33,339],"containing":[34,113,340],"chlorhexidine":[35],"(CHX)":[36],"polyvinylpyrrolidone":[38],"(PVP).":[39],"METHODS:":[40],"purpose":[42,138],"study":[47,143,210],"determine":[50],"whether":[51],"formulation":[54,295,333,345],"OC15AB":[55,153,231,251,262],"could":[56],"reduce":[57],"accumulation":[59,239],"staining":[61,111,271,359],"an":[63,306],"accepted":[64],"stain":[65,120,238],"model.":[66],"Bovine":[67],"central":[68],"incisors":[69],"cut":[71],"obtain":[73],"enamel":[74],"specimens":[75,82],"~8":[77],"\u00d7":[78],"8":[79],"mm2.":[80],"then":[84,105],"immersed":[85],"human":[87],"saliva":[88],"(room":[89],"temperature,":[90],"slight":[91],"stirring)":[92],"for":[93,184,222,312,315],"one":[94],"hour":[95],"allow":[97],"pellicle":[99],"film":[100],"form.":[102],"They":[103],"placed":[106],"contact":[108],"solution":[112],"coffee":[114],"tea.":[116],"amount":[118],"(tooth":[121],"color)":[122],"quantified":[124],"photometrically":[125],"(Minolta":[126],"C221":[127],"colorimeter)":[128],"L*":[131],"value":[132],"L*a*b*":[135],"scale.":[136],"vivo":[142,209,247,284],"power":[149,258],"tolerability":[151],"double-blind,":[160],"randomized":[161],"clinical":[162,191],"study.":[163],"In":[164],"total,":[165],"40":[166],"subjects":[167],"divided":[169],"randomly":[170],"into":[171],"two":[172],"homogeneous":[173],"groups.":[174],"Each":[175],"group":[176],"used":[177,212,220,286,304],"(OC15AB":[181],"placebo)":[183],"56":[185],"consecutive":[186],"days.":[187],"During":[188],"this":[189],"period,":[190],"instrumental":[193],"parameters,":[194],"namely":[195],"variations":[196],"tooth":[198,270,358],"color":[199],"mucosal":[201],"gum":[203],"alterations,":[204],"evaluated.":[206],"analyses":[211],"two-sided":[214],"Student's":[215],"t-test.":[216],"Evaluations":[217],"within":[218],"groups":[219],"t-tests":[221],"paired":[223],"data.":[224],"RESULTS:":[225],"From":[226],"test,":[230],"had":[232,256],"significant":[234,266,349],"effect":[235,329],"reducing":[237],"over":[240],"entire":[242],"treatment":[243],"period.":[244],"test":[248],"showed":[249],"that":[250],"well":[253],"tolerated":[254],"subjects.":[261],"demonstrated":[263,347],"statistically":[265],"reduction":[267],"extrinsic":[269,357],"from":[272,360],"baseline":[273,361],"placebo.":[277,365],"CONCLUSIONS:":[278],"methods":[285],"investigate":[288],"produced":[296],"similar":[297],"consistent":[299],"results.":[300],"experimental":[302,320],"model":[303],"is":[305],"important":[307],"tool":[308],"search":[311],"new":[313],"technologies":[314],"teeth":[316],"whitening.":[317],"Our":[318],"preliminary":[319],"data":[321],"confirm":[322],"possibility":[324],"achieving":[326],"CHX":[341],"PVP.":[343],"reduction,":[350],"vivo,":[355]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2020-05-21T00:00:00"}
