{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3025754668","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118784235.eelt0715","title":"Teaching Speaking to Young Learners","display_name":"Teaching Speaking to Young Learners","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-01-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3025754668","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118784235.eelt0715","mag":"3025754668"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/9781118784235.eelt0715","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118784235.eelt0715","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118784235.eelt0715","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363604400","display_name":"The TESOL Encyclopedia of English Language Teaching","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The TESOL Encyclopedia of English Language Teaching","raw_type":"other"},"volume":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2730189203","display_name":"The TESOL Encyclopedia of English Language Teaching"},"type":"reference-entry","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006934600","display_name":"David Nunan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4597-1276","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4597-1276"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173368020","display_name":"Anaheim University","ror":"https://ror.org/03ht5xf97","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173368020"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["HK","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"David Nunan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Anaheim University, USA","University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Anaheim University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173368020"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5006934600"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173368020","https://openalex.org/I889458895"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10021","display_name":"EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10021","display_name":"EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11587","display_name":"Second Language Acquisition and Learning","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12542","display_name":"Second Language Learning and Teaching","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1208","display_name":"Literature and Literary Theory"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speaking-instruction","display_name":"speaking instruction","score":0.8500000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/young-learners","display_name":"young learners","score":0.984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/early-foreign-language-learning","display_name":"early foreign language learning","score":0.6449999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/english-as-a-foreign-language","display_name":"English as a foreign language","score":0.8650000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/primary-education","display_name":"primary education","score":0.42899999022483826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/student-attitudes","display_name":"student attitudes","score":0.3659999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/english-proficiency","display_name":"English proficiency","score":0.625}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778139618","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13440398","display_name":"Workforce","level":2,"score":0.7484613060951233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158016649","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161726","display_name":"Multinational corporation","level":2,"score":0.718437910079956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987496018","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1860","display_name":"English language","level":2,"score":0.4567168951034546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114010052","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q150352","display_name":"Foreign language","level":2,"score":0.4363630712032318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.41210681200027466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.37176764011383057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3149264454841614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/9781118784235.eelt0715","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118784235.eelt0715","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118784235.eelt0715","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363604400","display_name":"The TESOL Encyclopedia of English Language Teaching","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The TESOL Encyclopedia of English Language Teaching","raw_type":"other"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.9235000014305115,"display_name":"Quality education"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":4,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2163900846","https://openalex.org/W2790597461","https://openalex.org/W4235843499","https://openalex.org/W4387720779"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7083188046","https://openalex.org/W2940367107","https://openalex.org/W1550651741","https://openalex.org/W3181174304","https://openalex.org/W4404292883","https://openalex.org/W7216905519","https://openalex.org/W2187710643","https://openalex.org/W4235780438","https://openalex.org/W4230024454","https://openalex.org/W3000513988"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"entry":[1],"addresses":[2],"some":[3],"of":[4,11,45,68,98,136,139,147,156],"the":[5,9,27,37,43,69,137,154,171],"concerns":[6],"related":[7],"to":[8,13],"teaching":[10],"speaking":[12],"young":[14,88],"learners.":[15],"The":[16],"age":[17],"at":[18],"which":[19],"English":[20,49,73,101,148,164],"instruction":[21],"begins":[22],"in":[23,42,50,59,90,100,153,170],"many":[24],"countries":[25],"around":[26],"world":[28,138],"has":[29],"been":[30],"getting":[31],"younger.":[32],"For":[33],"example,":[34],"data":[35],"from":[36],"Eurydice":[38],"showed":[39],"an":[40,151],"increase":[41,55,152],"number":[44,155],"primary":[46],"children":[47,86],"studying":[48],"Europe":[51],"and":[52,61,82,120,150],"a":[53,75,116,128],"similar":[54],"can":[56,166],"be":[57],"seen":[58],"Japan":[60],"other":[62],"Asian":[63],"countries.":[64],"Most":[65],"parents":[66],"are":[67,87],"opinion":[70],"that":[71,94,114,163],"learning":[72,115],"as":[74],"second":[76],"or":[77],"foreign":[78],"language":[79,117],"is":[80,102,110,118,124,127,160],"easier":[81,119],"faster":[83,121],"when":[84,122],"their":[85],"and,":[89],"addition,":[91],"they":[92],"believe":[93],"achieving":[95],"high":[96],"levels":[97],"proficiency":[99,165],"important":[103],"for":[104],"upward":[105],"economic":[106],"mobility.":[107],"While":[108],"it":[109,126],"not":[111],"entirely":[112],"true":[113],"one":[123],"young,":[125],"common":[129],"position":[130],"held":[131],"by":[132],"most":[133],"laypersons":[134],"outside":[135],"language\u2010teaching":[140],"professionals.":[141],"With":[142],"almost":[143],"two":[144],"billion":[145],"speakers":[146],"worldwide":[149],"multinational":[157],"companies,":[158],"there":[159],"little":[161],"doubt":[162],"enhance":[167],"one's":[168],"opportunities":[169],"global":[172],"workforce.":[173]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-10T09:11:00.788812","created_date":"2020-05-21T00:00:00"}