{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3022720331","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.115089","title":"Optimization of renewable energy subsidy and carbon tax for multi energy systems using bilevel programming","display_name":"Optimization of renewable energy subsidy and carbon tax for multi energy systems using bilevel programming","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-05-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3022720331","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.115089","mag":"3022720331"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.115089","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.115089","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.115089","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S109565702","display_name":"Applied Energy","issn_l":"0306-2619","issn":["0306-2619","1872-9118"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Energy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020653800","display_name":"Emanuele Martelli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8843-2400","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8843-2400"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Emanuele Martelli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Politecnico di Milano, Via Lambruschini 4, 20154 Milano, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Politecnico di Milano, Via Lambruschini 4, 20154 Milano, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023541365","display_name":"Marco Freschini","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marco Freschini","raw_affiliation_strings":["LEAP \u2013 Laboratorio Energia & Ambiente Piacenza, Via Nino Bixio 27/c, 29121 Piacenza, Italy","Politecnico di Milano, Via Lambruschini 4, 20154 Milano, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LEAP \u2013 Laboratorio Energia & Ambiente Piacenza, Via Nino Bixio 27/c, 29121 Piacenza, Italy","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Politecnico di Milano, Via Lambruschini 4, 20154 Milano, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074052744","display_name":"Matteo Zatti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7588-933X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7588-933X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matteo Zatti","raw_affiliation_strings":["LEAP \u2013 Laboratorio Energia & Ambiente Piacenza, Via Nino Bixio 27/c, 29121 Piacenza, Italy","Politecnico di Milano, Via Lambruschini 4, 20154 Milano, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LEAP \u2013 Laboratorio Energia & Ambiente Piacenza, Via Nino Bixio 27/c, 29121 Piacenza, Italy","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Politecnico di Milano, Via Lambruschini 4, 20154 Milano, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5020653800"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"],"apc_list":{"value":3650,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3650},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.1265,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":101,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95046997,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"267","issue":null,"first_page":"115089","last_page":"115089"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11185","display_name":"Integrated Energy Systems Optimization","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11185","display_name":"Integrated Energy Systems Optimization","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11007","display_name":"Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2102","display_name":"Energy Engineering and Power Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10454","display_name":"Optimal Power Flow Distribution","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/renewable-energy-subsidies","display_name":"renewable energy subsidies","score":0.7580000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carbon-tax","display_name":"carbon tax","score":0.9829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/integrated-energy-systems","display_name":"integrated energy systems","score":0.9120000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bi-level-optimization","display_name":"bi-level optimization","score":0.8650000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/co2-emission-reduction","display_name":"CO2 emission reduction","score":0.8619999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-storage","display_name":"energy storage","score":0.6399999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combined-heat-and-power","display_name":"combined heat and power","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-policy","display_name":"energy policy","score":0.30799999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/annualized-cost-minimization","display_name":"annual cost minimization","score":0.7099999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristic-methods","display_name":"heuristic methods","score":0.6039999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/university-campus-energy","display_name":"university campus energy","score":0.6830000281333923}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188573790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12705","display_name":"Renewable energy","level":2,"score":0.6915555000305176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3309286","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4907693","display_name":"Bilevel optimization","level":3,"score":0.6711747050285339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84265765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193219","display_name":"Subsidy","level":2,"score":0.6481121182441711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134560507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q753291","display_name":"Environmental economics","level":1,"score":0.6290422677993774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778976125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q288401","display_name":"Carbon tax","level":3,"score":0.6017887592315674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29122968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414816","display_name":"Incentive","level":2,"score":0.5914983153343201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206658404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12725","display_name":"Electricity","level":2,"score":0.458607017993927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27548731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88272","display_name":"Investment (military)","level":3,"score":0.44599252939224243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47737302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167336","display_name":"Greenhouse gas","level":2,"score":0.38692745566368103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3854345381259918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.340782105922699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.29343557357788086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.26381975412368774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.2238663136959076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.17330282926559448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.08959826827049255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.115089","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.115089","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.115089","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S109565702","display_name":"Applied Energy","issn_l":"0306-2619","issn":["0306-2619","1872-9118"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Energy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:eee:appene:v:267:y:2020:i:c:s0306261920306012","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920306012","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:re.public.polimi.it:11311/1159115","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11311/1159115","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400312","display_name":"Virtual Community of Pathological Anatomy (University of Castilla La Mancha)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79189158","host_organization_name":"University of Castilla-La Mancha","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79189158"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action","score":1.0},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.9853000044822693}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W8306339","https://openalex.org/W1057230775","https://openalex.org/W1968932385","https://openalex.org/W1975320652","https://openalex.org/W1992714118","https://openalex.org/W2015744156","https://openalex.org/W2039564621","https://openalex.org/W2040751338","https://openalex.org/W2048899882","https://openalex.org/W2058405830","https://openalex.org/W2064367353","https://openalex.org/W2105935934","https://openalex.org/W2152195021","https://openalex.org/W2341506243","https://openalex.org/W2466739063","https://openalex.org/W2543580944","https://openalex.org/W2570504725","https://openalex.org/W2605397371","https://openalex.org/W2620562879","https://openalex.org/W2736458272","https://openalex.org/W2740319643","https://openalex.org/W2762240024","https://openalex.org/W2767476881","https://openalex.org/W2793269725","https://openalex.org/W2797274201","https://openalex.org/W2807272082","https://openalex.org/W2889961764","https://openalex.org/W2894839187","https://openalex.org/W2906282072","https://openalex.org/W2912760332","https://openalex.org/W2923092170","https://openalex.org/W2944610084","https://openalex.org/W2950539122","https://openalex.org/W2969153922","https://openalex.org/W2971275335","https://openalex.org/W2996093553","https://openalex.org/W3170999623"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2048899882","https://openalex.org/W3154281412","https://openalex.org/W2906282072","https://openalex.org/W4405284243","https://openalex.org/W3083647680","https://openalex.org/W2944232533","https://openalex.org/W4402787838","https://openalex.org/W4292466719","https://openalex.org/W4225380651","https://openalex.org/W4285482509"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":15}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2020-05-13T00:00:00"}
