{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3022434548","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21891/jeseh.656872","title":"Enhancing the Critical Thinking Skills of Grade 8 Chemistry Students Using an Inquiry and Reflection Teaching Method","display_name":"Enhancing the Critical Thinking Skills of Grade 8 Chemistry Students Using an Inquiry and Reflection Teaching Method","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-04-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3022434548","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21891/jeseh.656872","mag":"3022434548"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.21891/jeseh.656872","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21891/jeseh.656872","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21891/jeseh.656872","pdf_url":"https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/1092143","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210233751","display_name":"Journal of Education in Science Environment and Health","issn_l":"2149-214X","issn":["2149-214X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Education in Science, Environment and Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/1092143","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112526056","display_name":"Nathaly Farah","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I160368002","display_name":"Lebanese University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x6qnc69","country_code":"LB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160368002"]}],"countries":["LB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nathaly FARAH","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lebanese University , Faculty of Education","Lebanese University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lebanese University , Faculty of Education","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I160368002"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lebanese University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I160368002"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020366056","display_name":"Zalpha Ayoubi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9263-5147","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9263-5147"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I160368002","display_name":"Lebanese University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x6qnc69","country_code":"LB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160368002"]}],"countries":["LB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zalpha AYOUB\u0130","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lebanese University , Faculty of Education Beirut / Lebanon","Lebanese University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lebanese University , Faculty of Education Beirut / Lebanon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I160368002"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lebanese University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I160368002"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I160368002"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.4563,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95111917,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10072","display_name":"Science Education and Pedagogy","score":0.6708999872207642,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10072","display_name":"Science Education and Pedagogy","score":0.6708999872207642,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11715","display_name":"Education and Critical Thinking Development","score":0.3240000009536743,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14097","display_name":"Chemistry Education and Research","score":0.0017000000225380063,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/critical-thinking-skills","display_name":"critical thinking skills","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inquiry-based-learning","display_name":"inquiry-based learning","score":0.8209999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reflection","display_name":"reflection","score":0.5580000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry-education","display_name":"chemistry education","score":0.7070000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eighth-grade-students","display_name":"eighth grade students","score":0.9039999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/science-process-skills","display_name":"science process skills","score":0.8230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/teaching-methods-comparison","display_name":"teaching methods comparison","score":0.4399999976158142}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C533356498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q843894","display_name":"Critical thinking","level":2,"score":0.7989089488983154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30038468","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4354775","display_name":"Memorization","level":2,"score":0.7971547842025757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.7853976488113403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.45608872175216675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65682993","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1056451","display_name":"Reflection (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.45589613914489746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88610354","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1813494","display_name":"Teaching method","level":2,"score":0.44447410106658936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4405536353588104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986913963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q843894","display_name":"Critical reflection","level":2,"score":0.41459235548973083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.41097164154052734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.3823990821838379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.35643094778060913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.19002416729927063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.21891/jeseh.656872","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21891/jeseh.656872","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21891/jeseh.656872","pdf_url":"https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/1092143","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210233751","display_name":"Journal of Education in Science Environment and Health","issn_l":"2149-214X","issn":["2149-214X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Education in Science, Environment and Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dergipark.org.tr:article/656872","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/jeseh/issue/54082/656872","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401840","display_name":"DergiPark (Istanbul University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67581229","host_organization_name":"Istanbul University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67581229"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:eddb58b60f514dd2a8f175efcd484119","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/eddb58b60f514dd2a8f175efcd484119","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Education in Science, Environment and Health, Vol 6, Iss 3 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.21891/jeseh.656872","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21891/jeseh.656872","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21891/jeseh.656872","pdf_url":"https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/1092143","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210233751","display_name":"Journal of Education in Science Environment and Health","issn_l":"2149-214X","issn":["2149-214X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Education in Science, Environment and Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education","score":0.9901999831199646}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/clinical-trial","display_name":"Clinical Trial"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3022434548.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3022434548.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W145939632","https://openalex.org/W1500632953","https://openalex.org/W1534728038","https://openalex.org/W1792550766","https://openalex.org/W1895011030","https://openalex.org/W1974294250","https://openalex.org/W1988279965","https://openalex.org/W1996722665","https://openalex.org/W2007339671","https://openalex.org/W2011736880","https://openalex.org/W2029076930","https://openalex.org/W2029930609","https://openalex.org/W2049098947","https://openalex.org/W2053121973","https://openalex.org/W2057049909","https://openalex.org/W2062614287","https://openalex.org/W2078841683","https://openalex.org/W2082125011","https://openalex.org/W2089510694","https://openalex.org/W2090892192","https://openalex.org/W2147235279","https://openalex.org/W2163198903","https://openalex.org/W2163284333","https://openalex.org/W2169300339","https://openalex.org/W2199900904","https://openalex.org/W2403689073","https://openalex.org/W2563893662","https://openalex.org/W2581481749","https://openalex.org/W2601399891","https://openalex.org/W2727426218","https://openalex.org/W2735924236","https://openalex.org/W2771573767","https://openalex.org/W2790074635","https://openalex.org/W2872128483","https://openalex.org/W2908604708","https://openalex.org/W3115660886","https://openalex.org/W4242151499","https://openalex.org/W6629908491"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2765505944","https://openalex.org/W7115897850","https://openalex.org/W3134366944","https://openalex.org/W2032195352","https://openalex.org/W7125004248","https://openalex.org/W2804199842","https://openalex.org/W7215470665","https://openalex.org/W2978102184","https://openalex.org/W2765901757","https://openalex.org/W4411769083"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"contrast":[1],"to":[2,9,80],"traditional":[3],"science":[4,15],"instruction,":[5],"which":[6],"encourages":[7],"students":[8,113],"memorize":[10],"facts":[11],"from":[12],"textbooks,":[13],"today's":[14],"instruction":[16],"emphasizes":[17],"the":[18,29,60,92,100,105,110,121,128],"adoption":[19],"of":[20,31],"scientific":[21],"process":[22],"skills":[23,118],"by":[24],"students,":[25,84],"as":[26,28,50],"well":[27],"teaching":[30,64],"critical":[32,46,116,125],"thinking":[33,47,117,126],"skills.Lebanese":[34],"Chemistry":[35],"teachers":[36],"detected":[37],"lack":[38],"in":[39,85],"middle":[40],"school":[41,44],"and":[42,56,62,70,74,94,104],"high":[43],"students'":[45,97,124],"skills,":[48],"such":[49],"analyzing":[51],"data,":[52],"interpreting":[53],"experiments'":[54],"results":[55],"arguing.Consequently,":[57],"we":[58,90],"elaborated":[59],"Inquiry":[61],"Reflection":[63],"method":[65,72],"(I&R)":[66],"based":[67],"on":[68,99],"White":[69],"Fredericsen's":[71],"(1998)":[73],"implemented":[75],"it":[76],"for":[77],"three":[78],"months":[79],"grade":[81],"8":[82],"chemistry":[83],"one":[86],"Lebanese":[87],"private":[88],"school.Then":[89],"compared":[91],"control":[93,122],"experimental":[95,111],"group":[96,112,123],"scores":[98],"Critical":[101],"Thinking":[102],"Test":[103],"final":[106],"exam.Findings":[107],"showed":[108],"that":[109],"improved":[114],"their":[115],"significantly,":[119],"while":[120],"remained":[127],"same.":[129]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2020-05-13T00:00:00"}
