{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3022140243","doi":null,"title":"What Middle Class(es) in Africa? A Literature Review","display_name":"What Middle Class(es) in Africa? A Literature Review","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3022140243","mag":"3022140243"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:halshs-00934834v1","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://shs.hal.science/halshs-00934834","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4405252976","host_organization_name":"Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405252976"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"[Research Report] AFD - Agence Fran\u00e7aise de D\u00e9veloppement. 2013, pp.68","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/report"},"volume":null,"type":"report","is_traditional":false,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011052904","display_name":"Dominique Darbon","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087863","display_name":"Les Afriques dans le Monde","ror":"https://ror.org/00721wn77","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I139506611","https://openalex.org/I144889574","https://openalex.org/I15057530","https://openalex.org/I3130945570","https://openalex.org/I4210087863","https://openalex.org/I4210150854"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dominique Darbon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Les Afriques dans le monde"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Les Afriques dans le monde","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087863"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072318076","display_name":"Comi Molevo Toulabor","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087863","display_name":"Les Afriques dans le Monde","ror":"https://ror.org/00721wn77","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I139506611","https://openalex.org/I144889574","https://openalex.org/I15057530","https://openalex.org/I3130945570","https://openalex.org/I4210087863","https://openalex.org/I4210150854"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Comi Toulabor","raw_affiliation_strings":["Les Afriques dans le monde"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Les Afriques dans le monde","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087863"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087863"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"68","last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10446","display_name":"Income, Poverty, and Inequality","score":0.801800012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10446","display_name":"Income, Poverty, and Inequality","score":0.801800012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13162","display_name":"African Studies and Ethnography","score":0.07900000363588333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11895","display_name":"Cultural Capital and Social Class","score":0.03350000083446503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/middle-class","display_name":"middle class","score":0.9520000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-stratification","display_name":"social stratification","score":0.6990000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class-formation","display_name":"class formation","score":0.5339999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/africa","display_name":"Africa","score":0.5440000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-mobility","display_name":"social mobility","score":0.7360000014305115}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779233565","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q241588","display_name":"Middle class","level":2,"score":0.5206691026687622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5166261792182922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.36649829149246216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.34828877449035645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.23848006129264832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.15731099247932434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:halshs-00934834v1","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://shs.hal.science/halshs-00934834","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4405252976","host_organization_name":"Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405252976"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"[Research Report] AFD - Agence Fran\u00e7aise de D\u00e9veloppement. 2013, pp.68","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/report"},{"id":"pmh:oai:oskar-bordeaux.fr:20.500.12278/134196","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://oskar-bordeaux.fr/handle/20.500.12278/134196","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402569","display_name":"Oskar-Bordeaux (Universite de Bordeaux)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I15057530","host_organization_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Bordeaux","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I15057530"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Rapport"},{"id":"mag:3022140243","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00934834","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W273141980","https://openalex.org/W587749407","https://openalex.org/W597904815","https://openalex.org/W627938548","https://openalex.org/W638509652","https://openalex.org/W645624694","https://openalex.org/W652011466","https://openalex.org/W1485598440","https://openalex.org/W1488080339","https://openalex.org/W1490636109","https://openalex.org/W1490858860","https://openalex.org/W1493871879","https://openalex.org/W1521608487","https://openalex.org/W1527165181","https://openalex.org/W1533243562","https://openalex.org/W1573090585","https://openalex.org/W1659228634","https://openalex.org/W1673695777","https://openalex.org/W1976127056","https://openalex.org/W1981272238","https://openalex.org/W1982730548","https://openalex.org/W1985656015","https://openalex.org/W1987022530","https://openalex.org/W2000951832","https://openalex.org/W2002411586","https://openalex.org/W2002902903","https://openalex.org/W2018569460","https://openalex.org/W2022572122","https://openalex.org/W2023342749","https://openalex.org/W2031496465","https://openalex.org/W2040755462","https://openalex.org/W2051675861","https://openalex.org/W2055422586","https://openalex.org/W2067620396","https://openalex.org/W2070948237","https://openalex.org/W2107992979","https://openalex.org/W2110350926","https://openalex.org/W2152712758","https://openalex.org/W2246266097","https://openalex.org/W2253126281","https://openalex.org/W2287817273","https://openalex.org/W2325685461","https://openalex.org/W2605507466","https://openalex.org/W2796913641","https://openalex.org/W2810296779","https://openalex.org/W3122626207","https://openalex.org/W3124897968","https://openalex.org/W3134313753","https://openalex.org/W3213590827","https://openalex.org/W4240020252"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3030386687","https://openalex.org/W7111566539","https://openalex.org/W2228785356","https://openalex.org/W6926531627","https://openalex.org/W2948289786","https://openalex.org/W3138215670","https://openalex.org/W4255492317","https://openalex.org/W3016094780","https://openalex.org/W2887125025","https://openalex.org/W3137464110"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2020-05-13T00:00:00"}
