{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3022034898","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s2214-109x(20)30221-7","title":"Association of childhood smoking and adult mortality: prospective study of 120 000 Cuban adults","display_name":"Association of childhood smoking and adult mortality: prospective study of 120 000 Cuban adults","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-05-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3022034898","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s2214-109x(20)30221-7","mag":"3022034898","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32446350","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7248573"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/s2214-109x(20)30221-7","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s2214-109x(20)30221-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s2214-109x(20)30221-7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210176958","display_name":"The Lancet Global Health","issn_l":"2214-109X","issn":["2214-109X","2572-116X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","oarl","poland-200","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Lancet Global Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","datacite","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s2214-109x(20)30221-7","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020811309","display_name":"Blake Thomson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6433-0338","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6433-0338"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Blake Thomson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109387721","display_name":"Nurys B\u00e1rbara Armas Rojas","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141954","display_name":"Instituto de Cardiolog\u00eda y Cirug\u00eda Cardiovascular","ror":"https://ror.org/050pxrb04","country_code":"CU","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122314","https://openalex.org/I4210141954"]}],"countries":["CU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nurys Armas Rojas","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery, Havana City, Cuba. Electronic address: nurysarmas@infomed.sld.cu","National Institute of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery, Havana City, Cuba"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery, Havana City, Cuba. Electronic address: nurysarmas@infomed.sld.cu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141954"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery, Havana City, Cuba","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141954"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056985539","display_name":"Ben Lacey","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0139-2934","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0139-2934"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ben Lacey","raw_affiliation_strings":["Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039126778","display_name":"Julie Ann Burrett","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Julie Ann Burrett","raw_affiliation_strings":["Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020376808","display_name":"Patricia Varona-P\u00e9rez","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122314","display_name":"Ministerio de Salud P\u00fablica","ror":"https://ror.org/02zttza43","country_code":"CU","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122314"]}],"countries":["CU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patricia Varona-P\u00e9rez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Public Health, Havana City, Cuba"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Public Health, Havana City, Cuba","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122314"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103379440","display_name":"Marcy Calder\u00f3n Mart\u00ednez","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122314","display_name":"Ministerio de Salud P\u00fablica","ror":"https://ror.org/02zttza43","country_code":"CU","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122314"]}],"countries":["CU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marcy Calder\u00f3n Mart\u00ednez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Public Health, Havana City, Cuba"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Public Health, Havana City, Cuba","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122314"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014072977","display_name":"Elba Lorenzo-V\u00e1zquez","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122314","display_name":"Ministerio de Salud P\u00fablica","ror":"https://ror.org/02zttza43","country_code":"CU","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122314"]}],"countries":["CU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elba Lorenzo-V\u00e1zquez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cuban Commission against Smoking, Ministry of Public Health, Havana City, Cuba"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cuban Commission against Smoking, Ministry of Public Health, Havana City, Cuba","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122314"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029606035","display_name":"Sonia Bess Constant\u00e9n","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122314","display_name":"Ministerio de Salud P\u00fablica","ror":"https://ror.org/02zttza43","country_code":"CU","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122314"]}],"countries":["CU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sonia Bess Constant\u00e9n","raw_affiliation_strings":["Directorate of Medical Records and Health Statistics, Ministry of Public Health, Havana City, Cuba"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Directorate of Medical Records and Health Statistics, Ministry of Public Health, Havana City, Cuba","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122314"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005622408","display_name":"Jos\u00e9 Manuel Morales Rigau","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jos\u00e9 Manuel Morales Rigau","raw_affiliation_strings":["Provincial Center of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Microbiology, Matanzas, Cuba"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Provincial Center of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Microbiology, Matanzas, Cuba","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033845128","display_name":"Osvaldo Jes\u00fas Hern\u00e1ndez L\u00f3pez","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Osvaldo Jes\u00fas Hern\u00e1ndez L\u00f3pez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Municipal Center of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Microbiology, Jag\u00fcey Grande, Matanzas, Cuba"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Municipal Center of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Microbiology, Jag\u00fcey Grande, Matanzas, Cuba","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103021878","display_name":"Miguel \u00c1ngel Mart\u00ednez Morales","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0625-1321","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0625-1321"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122314","display_name":"Ministerio de Salud P\u00fablica","ror":"https://ror.org/02zttza43","country_code":"CU","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122314"]}],"countries":["CU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Miguel \u00c1ngel Mart\u00ednez Morales","raw_affiliation_strings":["Directorate of Medical Records and Health Statistics, Ministry of Public Health, Havana City, Cuba"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Directorate of Medical Records and Health Statistics, Ministry of Public Health, Havana City, Cuba","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122314"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009275784","display_name":"Ismell Alonso Alom\u00e1","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122314","display_name":"Ministerio de Salud P\u00fablica","ror":"https://ror.org/02zttza43","country_code":"CU","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122314"]}],"countries":["CU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ismell Alonso Alom\u00e1","raw_affiliation_strings":["Directorate of Medical Records and Health Statistics, Ministry of Public Health, Havana City, Cuba"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Directorate of Medical Records and Health Statistics, Ministry of Public Health, Havana City, Cuba","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122314"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088403096","display_name":"Fernando Achiong Estupi\u00f1\u00e1n","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fernando Achiong Estupi\u00f1an","raw_affiliation_strings":["Provincial Center of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Microbiology, Matanzas, Cuba"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Provincial Center of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Microbiology, Matanzas, Cuba","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022932539","display_name":"Mayda D\u00edaz Gonz\u00e1lez","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mayda D\u00edaz Gonz\u00e1lez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Municipal Center of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Microbiology, Col\u00f3n, Matanzas, Cuba"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Municipal Center of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Microbiology, Col\u00f3n, Matanzas, Cuba","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061182153","display_name":"Noel Rosquete Mu\u00f1oz","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Noel Rosquete Mu\u00f1oz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Municipal Center of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Microbiology, Camag\u00fcey, Cuba"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Municipal Center of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Microbiology, Camag\u00fcey, Cuba","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060243592","display_name":"Marelis Cendra Asencio","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marelis Cendra Asencio","raw_affiliation_strings":["Municipal Center of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Microbiology, Camag\u00fcey, Cuba"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Municipal Center of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Microbiology, Camag\u00fcey, Cuba","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030250235","display_name":"Jonathan Emberson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7792-9422","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7792-9422"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387153988","display_name":"MRC Population Health Research Unit","ror":"https://ror.org/01p4s0142","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149","https://openalex.org/I4210087105","https://openalex.org/I4387153988","https://openalex.org/I90344618"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jonathan Emberson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK","Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK","Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149","https://openalex.org/I4387153988"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149","https://openalex.org/I4387153988"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041941850","display_name":"Richard Peto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8219-5339","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8219-5339"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richard Peto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084952533","display_name":"Sarah Lewington","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4496-4771","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4496-4771"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387153988","display_name":"MRC Population Health Research Unit","ror":"https://ror.org/01p4s0142","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149","https://openalex.org/I4210087105","https://openalex.org/I4387153988","https://openalex.org/I90344618"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sarah Lewington","raw_affiliation_strings":["Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. Electronic address: cuba.prospective.study@ndph.ox.ac.uk","Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK","Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. Electronic address: cuba.prospective.study@ndph.ox.ac.uk","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149","https://openalex.org/I4387153988"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149","https://openalex.org/I4387153988"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103373305","display_name":"Alfredo Due\u00f1as Herrera","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141954","display_name":"Instituto de Cardiolog\u00eda y Cirug\u00eda Cardiovascular","ror":"https://ror.org/050pxrb04","country_code":"CU","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122314","https://openalex.org/I4210141954"]}],"countries":["CU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alfredo Due\u00f1as Herrera","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery, Havana City, Cuba"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery, Havana City, Cuba","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141954"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5109387721"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141954"],"apc_list":{"value":5000,"currency":"USD","value_usd":5000},"apc_paid":{"value":5000,"currency":"USD","value_usd":5000},"fwci":4.5158,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":70,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95899772,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"6","first_page":"e850","last_page":"e857"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10060","display_name":"Smoking Behavior and Cessation","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10060","display_name":"Smoking Behavior and Cessation","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10143","display_name":"Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10556","display_name":"Global Cancer Incidence and Screening","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/age-at-smoking-initiation","display_name":"smoking initiation age","score":0.7739999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adult-mortality","display_name":"adult mortality","score":0.6259999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/premature-mortality","display_name":"premature mortality","score":0.7509999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smoking-cessation","display_name":"smoking cessation","score":0.6959999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cause-specific-mortality","display_name":"cause-specific mortality","score":0.6830000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/all-cause-mortality","display_name":"all-cause mortality","score":0.8349999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cigar-smoking","display_name":"cigar smoking","score":0.6589999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smoking-related-deaths","display_name":"smoking-related deaths","score":0.37599998712539673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cuba","display_name":"Cuba","score":0.6549999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tobacco-use","display_name":"tobacco use","score":0.3109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/socioeconomic-status","display_name":"socioeconomic status","score":0.44200000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alcohol-consumption","display_name":"alcohol consumption","score":0.47999998927116394}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8572683334350586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.659103274345398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147077947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1515895","display_name":"Socioeconomic status","level":3,"score":0.5889599919319153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188816634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2113324","display_name":"Prospective cohort study","level":2,"score":0.5750094652175903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201903717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778788","display_name":"Cohort study","level":2,"score":0.4687426686286926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205545832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17156455","display_name":"Young adult","level":2,"score":0.4395037293434143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72563966","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1303415","display_name":"Cohort","level":2,"score":0.43405431509017944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50382708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223218","display_name":"Proportional hazards model","level":2,"score":0.4128516912460327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019085024","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7212330","display_name":"Cigarette smoking","level":2,"score":0.4113554060459137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187212893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123028","display_name":"Pediatrics","level":1,"score":0.36715638637542725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.3237610459327698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74909509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10387","display_name":"Gerontology","level":1,"score":0.27969688177108765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.2786383032798767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.10553678870201111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.09026166796684265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002675","descriptor_name":"Child, Preschool","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003462","descriptor_name":"Cuba","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011446","descriptor_name":"Prospective Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012907","descriptor_name":"Smoking","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012907","descriptor_name":"Smoking","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018570","descriptor_name":"Risk Assessment","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D061213","descriptor_name":"Mortality, Premature","qualifier_ui":"Q000639","qualifier_name":"trends","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":7,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/s2214-109x(20)30221-7","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s2214-109x(20)30221-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s2214-109x(20)30221-7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210176958","display_name":"The Lancet Global Health","issn_l":"2214-109X","issn":["2214-109X","2572-116X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","oarl","poland-200","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Lancet Global Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7248573","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7248573","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lancet Glob Health","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:32446350","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32446350","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Lancet. Global health","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:99d087d6aac14a38ac5496629e9642a6","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/99d087d6aac14a38ac5496629e9642a6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"The Lancet Global Health, Vol 8, Iss 6, Pp e850-e857 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ora.ox.ac.uk:uuid:f5a669e5-83cc-4625-8c38-702fa16508cf","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:f5a669e5-83cc-4625-8c38-702fa16508cf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402636","display_name":"Oxford University Research Archive (ORA) (University of Oxford)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","host_organization_name":"University of Oxford","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symplectic Elements","raw_type":"Journal article"},{"id":"doi:10.60692/0hza6-wyz63","doi":"https://doi.org/10.60692/0hza6-wyz63","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.60692/0hza6-wyz63","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407051682","display_name":"Greater South Information System","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"},{"id":"doi:10.60692/sc58b-w6m87","doi":"https://doi.org/10.60692/sc58b-w6m87","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.60692/sc58b-w6m87","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407051682","display_name":"Greater South Information System","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/s2214-109x(20)30221-7","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s2214-109x(20)30221-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s2214-109x(20)30221-7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210176958","display_name":"The Lancet Global Health","issn_l":"2214-109X","issn":["2214-109X","2572-116X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","oarl","poland-200","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Lancet Global Health","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310441","display_name":"Boehringer Ingelheim","ror":"https://ror.org/00q32j219"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319985","display_name":"Cancer Research UK","ror":"https://ror.org/054225q67"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319992","display_name":"British Heart Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/02wdwnk04"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320290","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323320","display_name":"BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/02wdwnk04"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332162","display_name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","ror":"https://ror.org/042twtr12"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334626","display_name":"Medical Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/03x94j517"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1897436286","https://openalex.org/W1987221480","https://openalex.org/W2014892455","https://openalex.org/W2022786651","https://openalex.org/W2044434363","https://openalex.org/W2104359563","https://openalex.org/W2113459167","https://openalex.org/W2127817571","https://openalex.org/W2137986149","https://openalex.org/W2146053639","https://openalex.org/W2161900439","https://openalex.org/W2167489015","https://openalex.org/W2418511232","https://openalex.org/W2529199574","https://openalex.org/W2604860225","https://openalex.org/W2790381478","https://openalex.org/W2909009258","https://openalex.org/W2914053692","https://openalex.org/W2917744050"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4383313856","https://openalex.org/W3022657183","https://openalex.org/W7115946163","https://openalex.org/W2583576663","https://openalex.org/W7124842924","https://openalex.org/W1895708278","https://openalex.org/W4390418929","https://openalex.org/W2292674587","https://openalex.org/W4398794711","https://openalex.org/W2792226753"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"The":[1,369],"average":[2],"age":[3,46,137,153,228,290,334,354,380],"at":[4,127,154,184,246],"which":[5,155],"people":[6],"start":[7,351],"smoking":[8,26,41,87,140,212,245,352,378],"has":[9],"been":[10],"decreasing":[11],"in":[12,27,31,54,59,72,113,240,283,309,314,323],"many":[13],"countries,":[14],"but":[15,286],"insufficient":[16],"evidence":[17],"exists":[18],"on":[19,44],"the":[20,38,45,152,174,188,234,297,327],"adult":[21],"hazards":[22],"of":[23,57,143,176,194,202,221,279,296,307,329,348,364],"having":[24],"started":[25,139,226,244],"childhood":[28,315,324],"and,":[29],"especially,":[30],"early":[32],"childhood.":[33],"We":[34,115],"aimed":[35],"to":[36,119,187,301,312],"investigate":[37],"association":[39],"between":[40],"habits":[42],"(focusing":[43],"when":[47],"smokers":[48,135,224],"started)":[49],"and":[50,86,89,94,141,148,164,198,266,318,357,399],"cause-specific":[51,107],"premature":[52,281,330],"mortality":[53,126,236,299,340],"a":[55,109,219,277],"cohort":[56,306],"adults":[58,66,170,308,375],"Cuba.":[60,73],"METHODS:":[61],"For":[62],"this":[63,284,305,338],"prospective":[64],"study,":[65,175],"were":[67,75,99,171,206,372],"recruited":[68,172],"from":[69,366,405],"five":[70],"provinces":[71],"Participants":[74,98],"interviewed":[76],"(data":[77],"collected":[78],"included":[79],"socioeconomic":[80],"status,":[81],"medical":[82],"history,":[83],"alcohol":[84],"consumption,":[85],"habits)":[88],"had":[90,157,225,243],"their":[91,367],"height,":[92],"weight,":[93],"blood":[95],"pressure":[96],"measured.":[97],"followed":[100,255],"up":[101],"until":[102],"Jan":[103,161],"1,":[104,162],"2017":[105],"for":[106,125,276,396],"mortality;":[108],"subset":[110],"was":[111,238,316,320],"resurveyed":[112],"2006-08.":[114],"used":[116],"Cox":[117],"regression":[118],"calculate":[120],"adjusted":[121],"rate":[122,328],"ratios":[123],"(RRs)":[124],"ages":[128,247,257,267],"30-69":[129,182],"years,":[130],"comparing":[131],"never-smokers":[132],"with":[133,149,232],"current":[134,207,222],"by":[136,151,256],"they":[138,156],"number":[142],"cigarettes":[144],"smoked":[145,215],"per":[146],"day":[147],"ex-smokers":[150],"quit.":[158],"FINDINGS:":[159],"Between":[160],"1996,":[163],"Nov":[165],"24,":[166],"2002,":[167],"146":[168],"556":[169],"into":[173,343],"whom":[177],"118":[178],"840":[179],"participants":[180,210,241,349],"aged":[181],"years":[183,249,259,263,269,292,356],"recruitment":[185],"contributed":[186],"main":[189],"analyses.":[190],"27":[191],"264":[192],"(52%)":[193],"52":[195],"524":[196],"men":[197],"19":[199],"313":[200],"(29%)":[201],"66":[203],"316":[204],"women":[205],"smokers.":[208],"Most":[209],"reported":[211],"cigarettes;":[213],"few":[214],"only":[216],"cigars.":[217],"About":[218],"third":[220],"cigarette":[223],"before":[227,288,333,353,379],"15":[229,355],"years.":[230,382],"Compared":[231],"never-smokers,":[233],"all-cause":[235],"RR":[237,341],"highest":[239],"who":[242,350,376],"5-9":[248],"(RR":[250],"2\u00b751,":[251],"95%":[252],"CI":[253],"2\u00b721-2\u00b785),":[254],"10-14":[258],"(1\u00b783,":[260],"1\u00b772-1\u00b795),":[261],"15-19":[262],"(1\u00b756,":[264],"1\u00b746-1\u00b765),":[265],"20":[268],"or":[270],"older":[271],"(1\u00b750,":[272],"1\u00b739-1\u00b762).":[273],"Smoking":[274],"accounted":[275],"quarter":[278],"all":[280,295],"deaths":[282],"population,":[285],"quitting":[287,319],"about":[289,346],"40":[291],"avoided":[293],"almost":[294],"excess":[298],"due":[300],"smoking.":[302],"INTERPRETATION:":[303],"In":[304],"Cuba,":[310],"starting":[311],"smoke":[313],"common":[317],"not.":[321],"Starting":[322],"approximately":[325],"doubled":[326],"death":[331],"(ie,":[332],"70":[335],"years).":[336],"If":[337],"2-fold":[339],"continues":[342],"old":[344],"age,":[345],"half":[347],"do":[358],"not":[359],"stop":[360],"will":[361],"eventually":[362],"die":[363],"complications":[365],"habit.":[368],"greatest":[370],"risks":[371],"found":[373],"among":[374],"began":[377],"10":[381],"FUNDING:":[383],"UK":[384],"Medical":[385],"Research":[386,389],"Council,":[387],"Cancer":[388],"UK,":[390],"British":[391],"Heart":[392],"Foundation,":[393],"US":[394],"Centers":[395],"Disease":[397],"Control":[398],"Prevention":[400],"(CDC)":[401],"Foundation":[402],"(with":[403],"support":[404],"Amgen).":[406]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2020-05-13T00:00:00"}