{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3021717577","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0767399x00000225","title":"Comorbidity of anxiety disorders and depression: does it affect course and outcome?","display_name":"Comorbidity of anxiety disorders and depression: does it affect course and outcome?","publication_year":1989,"publication_date":"1989-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3021717577","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0767399x00000225","mag":"3021717577"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1017/s0767399x00000225","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0767399x00000225","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0767399x00000225","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210205730","display_name":"Psychiatry and Psychobiology","issn_l":"0767-399X","issn":["0767-399X","2633-0903"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Psychiatry and Psychobiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080980894","display_name":"Hans\u2010Ulrich W\u00efttchen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6311-7711","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6311-7711"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177802217","display_name":"University of Mannheim","ror":"https://ror.org/031bsb921","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177802217"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145969","display_name":"Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry","ror":"https://ror.org/04dq56617","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117","https://openalex.org/I4210145969"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H.U. Wittchen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Unit of Evaluation Research, Max-Planck-Institute for Psychiatry, Kraepelinstr. 2, 8000 Munich 40, FRG","University of Mannheim, Department of Clinical Psychology Mannheim"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Unit of Evaluation Research, Max-Planck-Institute for Psychiatry, Kraepelinstr. 2, 8000 Munich 40, FRG","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145969"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Mannheim, Department of Clinical Psychology Mannheim","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177802217"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049436297","display_name":"Cecilia Ahmoi Essau","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4098-4847","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4098-4847"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145969","display_name":"Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry","ror":"https://ror.org/04dq56617","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149899117","https://openalex.org/I4210145969"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C.A. Essau","raw_affiliation_strings":["Unit of Evaluation Research, Max-Planck-Institute for Psychiatry, Kraepelinstr. 2, 8000 Munich 40, FRG"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Unit of Evaluation Research, Max-Planck-Institute for Psychiatry, Kraepelinstr. 2, 8000 Munich 40, FRG","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145969"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.9236,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":44,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88621577,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":"5","first_page":"315","last_page":"323"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10853","display_name":"Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes","score":0.7670999765396118,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10853","display_name":"Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes","score":0.7670999765396118,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10272","display_name":"Mental Health Treatment and Access","score":0.15080000460147858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10182","display_name":"Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development","score":0.026000000536441803,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anxiety-disorders","display_name":"anxiety disorders","score":0.8550000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/depression","display_name":"depression","score":0.9419999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/comorbidity","display_name":"comorbidities","score":0.9760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clinical-course","display_name":"clinical course","score":0.5609999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/outcomes","display_name":"outcomes","score":0.5170000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/age-of-onset","display_name":"age of onset","score":0.8740000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diagnostic-interview-schedule","display_name":"Diagnostic Interview Schedule","score":0.7590000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/general-population","display_name":"general population","score":0.6669999957084656}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779159551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414874","display_name":"Comorbidity","level":2,"score":0.8300679922103882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C558461103","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q154430","display_name":"Anxiety","level":2,"score":0.7614854574203491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776867660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1814941","display_name":"Depression (economics)","level":2,"score":0.6072549819946289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107130276","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133805","display_name":"Epidemiology","level":2,"score":0.5531125664710999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.5380110144615173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.48447680473327637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C534262118","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177719","display_name":"Medical diagnosis","level":2,"score":0.43477416038513184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.4323514997959137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776317618","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q544006","display_name":"Anxiety disorder","level":3,"score":0.4291200339794159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.382504940032959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.2937086820602417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.07977354526519775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1017/s0767399x00000225","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0767399x00000225","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0767399x00000225","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210205730","display_name":"Psychiatry and Psychobiology","issn_l":"0767-399X","issn":["0767-399X","2633-0903"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Psychiatry and Psychobiology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W133792476","https://openalex.org/W134080330","https://openalex.org/W658341696","https://openalex.org/W1971665095","https://openalex.org/W1981289919","https://openalex.org/W1992017156","https://openalex.org/W1994145951","https://openalex.org/W1998471017","https://openalex.org/W2021061525","https://openalex.org/W2030115166","https://openalex.org/W2035378434","https://openalex.org/W2045557513","https://openalex.org/W2063014449","https://openalex.org/W2078437571","https://openalex.org/W2081662675","https://openalex.org/W2109158525","https://openalex.org/W2119226169","https://openalex.org/W2165918706","https://openalex.org/W2334857149","https://openalex.org/W2443323411","https://openalex.org/W2468119980","https://openalex.org/W2500785170","https://openalex.org/W2917474543"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1802932763","https://openalex.org/W770653676","https://openalex.org/W2106006062","https://openalex.org/W1981522020","https://openalex.org/W2005124365","https://openalex.org/W2403845770","https://openalex.org/W2388592678","https://openalex.org/W2415271032","https://openalex.org/W1596448171","https://openalex.org/W1590852549"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Summary":[0],"The":[1,26,103,122,143],"comorbidity":[2,123],"of":[3,40,81,89,94,125,145,154,159,165,200,225,235,246],"anxiety":[4,155,176],"disorders":[5,150,156,192,212],"and":[6,8,13,91,114,119,136,183,194,220],"depression,":[7],"its":[9],"effect":[10],"on":[11,61,75],"course":[12,182],"outcome":[14,184,245],"was":[15,83,185,204,230],"examined":[16,84],"by":[17,85],"using":[18,68,86],"data":[19],"from":[20,54],"the":[21,55,62,69,78,87,95,126,134,139,146,166,197,201,218,233,236,239,243],"Munich":[22],"Follow-up":[23],"Study":[24],"(MFS).":[25],"MFS":[27],"is":[28],"a":[29,37,48,111,160,169,227],"prospective":[30],"7":[31],"year":[32],"follow-up":[33,237],"study":[34],"in":[35,100,117,133,138,217],"both":[36,149,191],"clinical":[38,118,140,219],"sample":[39,50],"originally":[41],"291":[42],"former":[43],"inpatients":[44],"as":[45,47],"well":[46],"representative":[49],"(N":[51],"=":[52],"657)":[53],"general":[56],"population.":[57],"Diagnoses":[58],"were":[59,208],"based":[60],"Diagnostic":[63],"Interview":[64],"Schedule":[65],"(DIS)":[66],"not":[67],"optional":[70],"DSM-III":[71],"exclusion":[72],"rules.":[73],"Based":[74],"earlier":[76],"studies":[77],"temporal":[79],"relationship":[80],"diagnoses":[82],"age":[88],"onset":[90,153],"recency":[92],"codings":[93],"DIS,":[96],"correcting":[97],"for":[98,188,210],"inaccuracies":[99],"patients\u2019":[101],"judgement.":[102],"results":[104],"showed:":[105],"1),":[106],"Comorbidity":[107],"seems":[108],"to":[109,130,174],"be":[110],"rather":[112],"frequent":[113],"stable":[115],"phenomenon":[116],"epidemiological":[120,135,221],"samples.":[121],"rates":[124],"DIS/DSM-III":[127],"diagnoses,":[128],"amounted":[129],"about":[131],"50%":[132],"75%":[137],"sample.":[141,222],"2),":[142],"majority":[144],"subjects":[147,189],"with":[148,190],"indicated":[151],"an":[152,175],"before":[157],"that":[158],"major":[161,170],"depressive":[162,171,228],"syndrome.":[163],"None":[164],"cases":[167],"developed":[168],"episode":[172,229],"prior":[173],"disorder.":[177],"3),":[178],"A":[179],"less":[180],"favorable":[181],"generally":[186],"found":[187,209],"(anxiety":[193,213],"depression),":[195],"although":[196],"predictive":[198],"value":[199],"diagnostic":[202],"grouping":[203],"meager.":[205],"Clear":[206],"differences":[207],"\u201cpure\u201d":[211],"only,":[214],"depression":[215],"only)":[216],"4),":[223],"Regardless":[224],"whether":[226],"present":[231],"at":[232],"time":[234],"investigation,":[238],"mixed":[240],"group":[241],"had":[242],"worst":[244],"all":[247],"other":[248],"comparative":[249],"groups.":[250]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2020-05-13T00:00:00"}
