{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3021331077","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1519/jsc.0b013e3181a06c59","title":"Effects of Two and Five Days of Creatine Loading on Muscular Strength and Anaerobic Power in Trained Athletes","display_name":"Effects of Two and Five Days of Creatine Loading on Muscular Strength and Anaerobic Power in Trained Athletes","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3021331077","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1519/jsc.0b013e3181a06c59","mag":"3021331077","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19387386"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1519/jsc.0b013e3181a06c59","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1519/jsc.0b013e3181a06c59","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1519/jsc.0b013e3181a06c59","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S150708336","display_name":"The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research","issn_l":"1064-8011","issn":["1064-8011","1533-4287"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030169240","display_name":"Lydia Yu Li Law","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28490864","display_name":"DSO National Laboratories","ror":"https://ror.org/03e05fb06","country_code":"SG","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28490864"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yu Li Lydia Law","raw_affiliation_strings":["Military Physiology Lab, Defence Medical & Environmental Research Institute, DSO National Laboratories, Singapore. lydia_law@dso.org.sg","Military Physiology Lab, Defence Medical & Environmental Research Institute, DSO National Laboratories"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Military Physiology Lab, Defence Medical & Environmental Research Institute, DSO National Laboratories, Singapore. lydia_law@dso.org.sg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28490864"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Military Physiology Lab, Defence Medical & Environmental Research Institute, DSO National Laboratories","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28490864"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030114062","display_name":"Wee Sian Ong","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112252","display_name":"KK Women's and Children's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/0228w5t68","country_code":"SG","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210112252"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wee Sian Ong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sports Medicine Service, Division of Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore","Sports Medicine Service, Division of Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore; and"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sports Medicine Service, Division of Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112252"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sports Medicine Service, Division of Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore; and","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112252"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085339107","display_name":"Tsien Lin GillianYap","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165143802","display_name":"The University of Queensland","ror":"https://ror.org/00rqy9422","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tsien Lin GillianYap","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Human Movement Studies, University of Queensland, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Human Movement Studies, University of Queensland, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062104928","display_name":"Su Ching Joselin Lim","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28490864","display_name":"DSO National Laboratories","ror":"https://ror.org/03e05fb06","country_code":"SG","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28490864"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Su Ching Joselin Lim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Military Physiology Lab, Defence Medical & Environmental Research Institute, DSO National Laboratories"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Military Physiology Lab, Defence Medical & Environmental Research Institute, DSO National Laboratories","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28490864"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109536137","display_name":"Ee Von Chia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0215-919X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0215-919X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28490864","display_name":"DSO National Laboratories","ror":"https://ror.org/03e05fb06","country_code":"SG","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28490864"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ee Von Chia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Military Physiology Lab, Defence Medical & Environmental Research Institute, DSO National Laboratories"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Military Physiology Lab, Defence Medical & Environmental Research Institute, DSO National Laboratories","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28490864"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5030169240"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28490864"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.4311,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":39,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88296064,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"3","first_page":"906","last_page":"914"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11399","display_name":"Muscle metabolism and nutrition","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2916","display_name":"Nutrition and Dietetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/29","display_name":"Nursing"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11399","display_name":"Muscle metabolism and nutrition","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2916","display_name":"Nutrition and Dietetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/29","display_name":"Nursing"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10157","display_name":"Sports Performance and Training","score":0.0008999999845400453,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2732","display_name":"Orthopedics and Sports Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13551","display_name":"Biochemical effects in animals","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/creatine-supplementation","display_name":"creatine supplementation","score":0.9190000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/creatine-loading","display_name":"creatine loading","score":0.8669999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resistance-training","display_name":"resistance training","score":0.7590000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/muscle-strength","display_name":"muscle strength","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anaerobic-power","display_name":"anaerobic power","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trained-athletes","display_name":"trained athletes","score":0.8930000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/creatine-uptake","display_name":"creatine uptake","score":0.8980000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/supplementation-duration","display_name":"duration of supplementation","score":0.3330000042915344}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779896295","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223600","display_name":"Creatine","level":2,"score":0.8947676420211792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5140985","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483866","display_name":"Anaerobic exercise","level":2,"score":0.8678398132324219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778820510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1755746","display_name":"Squat","level":2,"score":0.7325835824012756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27081682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q269829","display_name":"Placebo","level":3,"score":0.6985688805580139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910054578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223600","display_name":"Creatine Monohydrate","level":4,"score":0.6790720820426941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148810546","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17087397","display_name":"Wingate test","level":3,"score":0.6559479236602783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19720800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7722","display_name":"Morning","level":2,"score":0.6026965975761414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019424981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12834857","display_name":"Resistance training","level":2,"score":0.5946792960166931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5685112476348877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781054738","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4813730","display_name":"Athletes","level":2,"score":0.5220230221748352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780310989","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185948","display_name":"Time trial","level":4,"score":0.4793204069137573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153396756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1785966","display_name":"Physical strength","level":2,"score":0.46497249603271484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140793950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168091","display_name":"Animal science","level":1,"score":0.4565746784210205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.41470763087272644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.3821932375431061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.15553447604179382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777953023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1073121","display_name":"Heart rate","level":3,"score":0.1311655044555664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84393581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82642","display_name":"Blood pressure","level":2,"score":0.11658748984336853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000704","descriptor_name":"Analysis of Variance","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000886","descriptor_name":"Anthropometry","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001774","descriptor_name":"Blood Chemical Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003401","descriptor_name":"Creatine","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004311","descriptor_name":"Double-Blind Method","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005080","descriptor_name":"Exercise Test","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010919","descriptor_name":"Placebos","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015308","descriptor_name":"Anaerobic Threshold","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016482","descriptor_name":"Urinalysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D053580","descriptor_name":"Muscle Strength","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D055070","descriptor_name":"Resistance Training","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1519/jsc.0b013e3181a06c59","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1519/jsc.0b013e3181a06c59","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1519/jsc.0b013e3181a06c59","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S150708336","display_name":"The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research","issn_l":"1064-8011","issn":["1064-8011","1533-4287"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:19387386","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19387386","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of strength and conditioning research","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.8371999859809875,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Clinical Trial","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/clinical-trial"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W80555698","https://openalex.org/W139982068","https://openalex.org/W194145145","https://openalex.org/W1573193689","https://openalex.org/W1964720379","https://openalex.org/W1971465077","https://openalex.org/W1982299684","https://openalex.org/W1983783341","https://openalex.org/W1988348580","https://openalex.org/W1993382098","https://openalex.org/W1998702649","https://openalex.org/W2010580264","https://openalex.org/W2014323306","https://openalex.org/W2014606067","https://openalex.org/W2027033687","https://openalex.org/W2032561027","https://openalex.org/W2054608602","https://openalex.org/W2060568090","https://openalex.org/W2066452700","https://openalex.org/W2112584084","https://openalex.org/W2122063627","https://openalex.org/W2123977609","https://openalex.org/W2132056205","https://openalex.org/W2134172200","https://openalex.org/W2137273867","https://openalex.org/W2159929798","https://openalex.org/W2162234541","https://openalex.org/W2293882797"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2054224961","https://openalex.org/W7127449614","https://openalex.org/W990335176","https://openalex.org/W162123673","https://openalex.org/W4396816874","https://openalex.org/W2332232137","https://openalex.org/W2054246496","https://openalex.org/W1993382098","https://openalex.org/W2606055909","https://openalex.org/W1969206126"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,44,122,195],"purpose":[1],"of":[2,10,15,51,57,113,118,163,179,182],"this":[3],"study":[4,123],"was":[5,66,165],"to":[6,37,88,109,168,204],"establish":[7,110],"the":[8,63,76,96,99,104,111,147,177,193],"effects":[9],"2":[11,114,161],"and":[12,25,73,82,90,102,106,115,151,212],"5":[13,58,116,180],"days":[14,117,162,181],"creatine":[16,39,45,52,119,128,190,208],"loading,":[17,120],"coupled":[18,131],"with":[19,132,156,207],"resistance":[20,133],"training,":[21],"on":[22,103],"muscular":[23],"strength":[24,83,154,211],"anaerobic":[26,142],"performance":[27,84,171],"in":[28,71,86,95,136,139,184,189,192],"trained":[29,32,185],"athletes.":[30],"Seventeen":[31],"men":[33],"were":[34,93],"randomly":[35],"assigned":[36],"a":[38,41,68,126],"or":[40],"placebo":[42,64,69],"group.":[43],"supplementation":[46,78,100,164],"group":[47,65],"consumed":[48],"20":[49],"g":[50,59],"per":[53,60],"day":[54,108],"(4":[55],"doses":[56],"day),":[61],"whereas":[62],"given":[67],"similar":[70,170],"appearance":[72],"taste":[74],"over":[75],"5-day":[77,127,197],"duration.":[79],"Anaerobic":[80],"power":[81],"measures,":[85],"addition":[87],"blood":[89],"urine":[91],"analysis,":[92],"conducted":[94],"morning":[97],"before":[98],"began":[101],"third":[105],"sixth":[107],"effect":[112],"respectively.":[121],"found":[124],"that":[125,174],"loading":[129,183,198],"regime":[130,199],"training":[134,158],"resulted":[135],"significant":[137],"improvements":[138],"both":[140],"average":[141],"power,":[143],"as":[144,173],"measured":[145],"by":[146],"30-second":[148],"Wingate":[149],"test":[150],"back":[152],"squat":[153],"compared":[155],"just":[157],"alone.":[159],"However,":[160],"not":[166],"sufficient":[167],"produce":[169],"gains":[172],"observed":[175],"at":[176],"end":[178],"men,":[186],"despite":[187],"increases":[188],"uptake":[191],"body.":[194],"standard":[196],"should":[200],"hence":[201],"be":[202],"prescribed":[203],"individuals":[205],"supplementing":[206],"for":[209],"enhanced":[210],"power.":[213]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2020-05-13T00:00:00"}