{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3019949564","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.13176","title":"Tree shelters facilitate brown oak seedling survival and establishment in a grazing\u2010dominant forest of Bhutan, Eastern Himalaya","display_name":"Tree shelters facilitate brown oak seedling survival and establishment in a grazing\u2010dominant forest of Bhutan, Eastern Himalaya","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-04-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3019949564","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.13176","mag":"3019949564"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/rec.13176","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.13176","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.13176","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S191257319","display_name":"Restoration Ecology","issn_l":"1061-2971","issn":["1061-2971","1526-100X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Restoration Ecology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050966144","display_name":"Tshewang Dorji","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6329-3179","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6329-3179"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5681781","display_name":"The University of Adelaide","ror":"https://ror.org/00892tw58","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405259444","https://openalex.org/I5681781"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tshewang Dorji","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, South Australia, 5005 Australia","Ugyen Wangchuck Institute for Conservation and Environmental Research, Conifer Forest Research Sub-centre, P.O.Box 2049, Thimphu, Bhutan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6329-3179","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, South Australia, 5005 Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5681781"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ugyen Wangchuck Institute for Conservation and Environmental Research, Conifer Forest Research Sub-centre, P.O.Box 2049, Thimphu, Bhutan","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029792172","display_name":"Jos\u00e9 M. Facelli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0408-0082","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0408-0082"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5681781","display_name":"The University of Adelaide","ror":"https://ror.org/00892tw58","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405259444","https://openalex.org/I5681781"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jos\u00e9 M. Facelli","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, South Australia, 5005 Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, South Australia, 5005 Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5681781"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001049503","display_name":"Tshewang Norbu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tshewang Norbu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ugyen Wangchuck Institute for Conservation and Environmental Research, Conifer Forest Research Sub-centre, P.O.Box 2049, Thimphu, Bhutan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ugyen Wangchuck Institute for Conservation and Environmental Research, Conifer Forest Research Sub-centre, P.O.Box 2049, Thimphu, Bhutan","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019323671","display_name":"Steven Delean","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1116-5014","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1116-5014"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5681781","display_name":"The University of Adelaide","ror":"https://ror.org/00892tw58","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405259444","https://openalex.org/I5681781"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Steven Delean","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, South Australia, 5005 Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, South Australia, 5005 Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5681781"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081431445","display_name":"Justin D. Brookes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8408-9142","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8408-9142"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5681781","display_name":"The University of Adelaide","ror":"https://ror.org/00892tw58","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405259444","https://openalex.org/I5681781"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Justin D. Brookes","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, South Australia, 5005 Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, South Australia, 5005 Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5681781"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5050966144"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5681781"],"apc_list":{"value":3200,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3200},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3718,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80846512,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"28","issue":"5","first_page":"1145","last_page":"1157"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12870","display_name":"Seedling growth and survival studies","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1107","display_name":"Forestry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12870","display_name":"Seedling growth and survival studies","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1107","display_name":"Forestry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14050","display_name":"Forest Ecology and Conservation","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1107","display_name":"Forestry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11880","display_name":"Forest ecology and management","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1107","display_name":"Forestry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree-shelters","display_name":"tree shelters","score":0.7950000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quercus-semecarpifolia","display_name":"Quercus semecarpifolia","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seedling-survival","display_name":"seedling survival","score":0.8880000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grazing-intensity","display_name":"grazing intensity","score":0.5929999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/livestock-grazing","display_name":"livestock grazing","score":0.5220000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forest-regeneration","display_name":"forest regeneration","score":0.8930000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sturdiness-quotient","display_name":"sturdiness quotient","score":0.8889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leaf-mass-per-area","display_name":"leaf mass per area","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seedling-height","display_name":"seedling height","score":0.5429999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forest-restoration","display_name":"forest restoration","score":0.6169999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bhutan","display_name":"Bhutan","score":0.5210000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eastern-himalaya","display_name":"Eastern Himalaya","score":0.972000002861023}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904157","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3239189","display_name":"Grazing","level":2,"score":0.9000035524368286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776096895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1385709","display_name":"Seedling","level":2,"score":0.655719518661499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24037442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5469194","display_name":"Forest restoration","level":4,"score":0.4908483624458313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54286561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q397350","display_name":"Agroforestry","level":1,"score":0.481135755777359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24518262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16197023","display_name":"Threatened species","level":3,"score":0.47884440422058105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.44701141119003296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185933670","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52105","display_name":"Habitat","level":2,"score":0.39260220527648926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97137747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38112","display_name":"Forestry","level":1,"score":0.37444618344306946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.35544949769973755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.28387582302093506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.26978564262390137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73935091","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2249329","display_name":"Forest ecology","level":3,"score":0.14578887820243835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110872660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37813","display_name":"Ecosystem","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/rec.13176","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.13176","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.13176","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S191257319","display_name":"Restoration Ecology","issn_l":"1061-2971","issn":["1061-2971","1526-100X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Restoration Ecology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life on land"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G9000823817","display_name":"Seeking the Middle Path: Using Seedling Shelters to Permit Grazing in the Restoration and Conservation of Native Brown Oak Forests in Bhutan","funder_award_id":"13325-1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309818","funder_display_name":"Rufford Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309818","display_name":"Rufford Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/02bxrrf91"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320978","display_name":"University of Adelaide","ror":"https://ror.org/00892tw58"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W79311948","https://openalex.org/W103478271","https://openalex.org/W162305629","https://openalex.org/W965675104","https://openalex.org/W975507397","https://openalex.org/W1480788516","https://openalex.org/W1527534722","https://openalex.org/W1579821477","https://openalex.org/W1951724000","https://openalex.org/W1971830081","https://openalex.org/W1973548899","https://openalex.org/W1977390102","https://openalex.org/W1982967576","https://openalex.org/W1997258988","https://openalex.org/W2006043598","https://openalex.org/W2006292447","https://openalex.org/W2024844490","https://openalex.org/W2038087201","https://openalex.org/W2069747332","https://openalex.org/W2075157595","https://openalex.org/W2080826046","https://openalex.org/W2087718405","https://openalex.org/W2094725753","https://openalex.org/W2098595245","https://openalex.org/W2117329063","https://openalex.org/W2117959644","https://openalex.org/W2119635595","https://openalex.org/W2129139734","https://openalex.org/W2133957571","https://openalex.org/W2135908407","https://openalex.org/W2145157757","https://openalex.org/W2156945918","https://openalex.org/W2161353917","https://openalex.org/W2167246265","https://openalex.org/W2168155252","https://openalex.org/W2189504191","https://openalex.org/W2265066231","https://openalex.org/W2315755140","https://openalex.org/W2316540704","https://openalex.org/W2324659851","https://openalex.org/W2505879456","https://openalex.org/W2521141554","https://openalex.org/W2549779188","https://openalex.org/W2582743722","https://openalex.org/W2599721098","https://openalex.org/W2601370041","https://openalex.org/W2613100744","https://openalex.org/W2897202248","https://openalex.org/W2939401792","https://openalex.org/W2969746560","https://openalex.org/W2969756806","https://openalex.org/W2969987880","https://openalex.org/W3041047318","https://openalex.org/W3127472751","https://openalex.org/W4239945924"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4283399737","https://openalex.org/W1527534722","https://openalex.org/W7220536416","https://openalex.org/W2969930249","https://openalex.org/W2135370665","https://openalex.org/W3170564330","https://openalex.org/W2069747332","https://openalex.org/W4406881176","https://openalex.org/W1965956068","https://openalex.org/W2053116545"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Brown":[0],"oak":[1,87],"(Quercus":[2],"semecarpifolia)":[3],"forest":[4,91,225,234,243],"is":[5,25,33,203,229],"essential":[6],"for":[7],"ecological":[8],"and":[9,24,54,71,79,98,109,130,176,185,195,218,239],"socioeconomic":[10],"functions,":[11],"mainly":[12],"grazing":[13,41,69,94,143,217,238],"in":[14,42,89,153,187],"the":[15,57,61,65,83,145,161,169,193,220],"Himalayas.":[16],"The":[17],"tree":[18,73,138,154,178,201,240],"has":[19],"failed":[20],"to":[21,35,56,137,207,212,215,224,231],"regenerate":[22],"naturally":[23],"a":[26,90,204],"threatened":[27],"species.":[28],"Restoration":[29],"of":[30,60,68,86,121,236],"brown":[31,209],"oaks":[32,210],"crucial":[34],"ensure":[36],"sustainability":[37],"while":[38,160],"maintaining":[39],"livestock":[40],"these":[43],"habitats.":[44],"Achieving":[45],"this":[46],"requires":[47],"cost\u2010effective":[48],"restoration":[49],"techniques":[50],"that":[51,142,200],"are":[52],"practicable":[53],"sympathetic":[55],"multiple":[58],"uses":[59],"forest.":[62],"We":[63,198],"assessed":[64],"combined":[66],"effect":[67],"(control)":[70],"three":[72,157],"shelters":[74,126,155,179],"(Protex":[75],"tubes,":[76],"mesh":[77,174],"wires,":[78],"wooden":[80,177],"frames)":[81],"on":[82],"field":[84],"performance":[85],"seedlings":[88,123,190],"with":[92],"heavy":[93],"pressure.":[95],"Seedling":[96,151],"survival":[97,134,152],"morphological":[99],"indicators,":[100],"including":[101],"seedling":[102],"height,":[103],"collar":[104],"diameter,":[105],"sturdiness":[106],"quotient":[107],"(SQ),":[108],"leaf":[110],"mass":[111],"per":[112],"area":[113],"(LMA)":[114],"indices,":[115],"were":[116,180],"measured.":[117],"More":[118],"than":[119,168,183],"90%":[120],"control":[122,186],"without":[124],"protective":[125],"suffered":[127],"severe":[128],"browsing":[129],"demonstrated":[131],"significantly":[132],"lower":[133],"rates":[135],"compared":[136],"shelter":[139,202],"seedlings,":[140],"indicating":[141],"was":[144,156,164],"primary":[146],"factor":[147],"governing":[148],"regeneration":[149,241],"success.":[150],"times":[158,166],"higher,":[159],"height":[162],"increase":[163],"two":[165],"higher":[167],"control.":[170],"Additionally,":[171],"locally":[172],"made":[173],"wire":[175],"more":[181],"effective":[182],"Protex":[184],"producing":[188],"quality":[189],"reflected":[191],"by":[192],"SQ":[194],"LMA":[196],"values.":[197],"suggest":[199],"promising":[205],"option":[206],"restore":[208],"due":[211],"its":[213],"efficacy":[214],"defend":[216],"support":[219,232],"local":[221],"community's":[222],"rights":[223],"grazing.":[226],"Our":[227],"finding":[228],"expected":[230],"Bhutan's":[233],"policy":[235],"incorporating":[237],"into":[242],"management.":[244]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2020-05-01T00:00:00"}