{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3019493403","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874331502014010036","title":"Effects of Split Application of Urea Fertilizer on Soil Chemical Properties, Maize Performance and Profitability in Southwest Nigeria","display_name":"Effects of Split Application of Urea Fertilizer on Soil Chemical Properties, Maize Performance and Profitability in Southwest Nigeria","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-04-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3019493403","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874331502014010036","mag":"3019493403"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2174/1874331502014010036","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874331502014010036","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874331502014010036","pdf_url":"https://openagriculturejournal.com/VOLUME/14/PAGE/36/PDF/","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S98054249","display_name":"The Open Agriculture Journal","issn_l":"1874-3315","issn":["1874-3315"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-40","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320079","host_organization_name":"Bentham Science Publishers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Bentham Science Publishers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Open Agriculture Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://openagriculturejournal.com/VOLUME/14/PAGE/36/PDF/","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019039726","display_name":"Oluwaseyi Iyabo Ogunboye","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180664298","display_name":"Federal University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01pvx8v81","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180664298"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Oluwaseyi I. Ogunboye","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Crop Soil and Pest Management, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Crop Soil and Pest Management, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180664298"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049388495","display_name":"Aruna Olasekan Adekiya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9868-1649","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9868-1649"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I304664074","display_name":"Landmark University","ror":"https://ror.org/04gw4zv66","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I304664074"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Aruna O. Adekiya","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Agricultural Sciences, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Kwara State, Nigeria","College of Agricultural Sciences , Landmark University , PMB 1001 , Omu-Aran , Kwara State , Nigeria;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Agricultural Sciences, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Kwara State, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I304664074"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Agricultural Sciences , Landmark University , PMB 1001 , Omu-Aran , Kwara State , Nigeria;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I304664074"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063621551","display_name":"Babatunde Sunday Ewulo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4578-7161","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4578-7161"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180664298","display_name":"Federal University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01pvx8v81","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180664298"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Babatunde S. Ewulo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Crop Soil and Pest Management, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Crop Soil and Pest Management, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180664298"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063690201","display_name":"T.M.A. Olayanju","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4771-1171","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4771-1171"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I304664074","display_name":"Landmark University","ror":"https://ror.org/04gw4zv66","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I304664074"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adeniyi Olayanju","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Agricultural and Biosystem Engineering, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Kwara State, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Agricultural and Biosystem Engineering, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Kwara State, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I304664074"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5049388495"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I304664074"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6927,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":23,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83051114,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"1","first_page":"36","last_page":"42"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12310","display_name":"Crop Yield and Soil Fertility","score":0.5268999934196472,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1102","display_name":"Agronomy and Crop Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12310","display_name":"Crop Yield and Soil Fertility","score":0.5268999934196472,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1102","display_name":"Agronomy and Crop Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12294","display_name":"Agricultural Science and Fertilization","score":0.4699999988079071,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12045","display_name":"Rice Cultivation and Yield Improvement","score":0.0007999999797903001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maize","display_name":"maize","score":0.8759999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nitrogen-fertilization","display_name":"nitrogen fertilization","score":0.8080000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-chemical-properties","display_name":"soil chemical properties","score":0.7559999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maize-yield","display_name":"maize yield","score":0.7850000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/profitability","display_name":"profitability","score":0.5529999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benefit-cost-ratio","display_name":"benefit-cost ratio","score":0.9430000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fertilizer-timing","display_name":"fertilizer application timing","score":0.6259999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/southwestern-nigeria","display_name":"Southwest Nigeria","score":0.656000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/osogbo","display_name":"Osogbo","score":0.6980000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/net-returns","display_name":"net returns","score":0.3479999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-organic-carbon","display_name":"soil organic carbon","score":0.4490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-nitrogen","display_name":"soil nitrogen","score":0.44200000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-ph","display_name":"soil pH","score":0.5640000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-available-phosphorus","display_name":"soil available phosphorus","score":0.5989999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-available-potassium","display_name":"soil available potassium","score":0.8560000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-available-calcium","display_name":"soil available calcium","score":0.5770000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-available-magnesium","display_name":"soil available magnesium","score":0.8059999942779541}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168741863","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q777671","display_name":"Sowing","level":2,"score":0.7794563174247742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780560099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83323","display_name":"Fertilizer","level":2,"score":0.7713655233383179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144938864","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927286","display_name":"Randomized block design","level":2,"score":0.6893909573554993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.6326902508735657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993531722","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11575","display_name":"Zea mays","level":2,"score":0.5254601240158081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780365088","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48318","display_name":"Urea","level":2,"score":0.5210856199264526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90982505","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16938886","display_name":"Leaching (pedology)","level":3,"score":0.49668246507644653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140793950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168091","display_name":"Animal science","level":1,"score":0.4607897698879242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137580998","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q235352","display_name":"Crop","level":2,"score":0.43662792444229126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.43455666303634644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134121241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899301","display_name":"Yield (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.41745492815971375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.3085816204547882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159750122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96621023","display_name":"Soil water","level":2,"score":0.2062784731388092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.19963842630386353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2174/1874331502014010036","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874331502014010036","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874331502014010036","pdf_url":"https://openagriculturejournal.com/VOLUME/14/PAGE/36/PDF/","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S98054249","display_name":"The Open Agriculture Journal","issn_l":"1874-3315","issn":["1874-3315"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-40","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320079","host_organization_name":"Bentham Science Publishers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Bentham Science Publishers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Open Agriculture Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.lmu.edu.ng:2880","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://eprints.lmu.edu.ng/2880/1/TOASJ-14-36.pdf","pdf_url":"http://eprints.lmu.edu.ng/2880/1/TOASJ-14-36.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401652","display_name":"Landmark University Repository (Landmark University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I304664074","host_organization_name":"Landmark University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I304664074"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.2174/1874331502014010036","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874331502014010036","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874331502014010036","pdf_url":"https://openagriculturejournal.com/VOLUME/14/PAGE/36/PDF/","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S98054249","display_name":"The Open Agriculture Journal","issn_l":"1874-3315","issn":["1874-3315"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-40","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320079","host_organization_name":"Bentham Science Publishers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Bentham Science Publishers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Open Agriculture Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger","score":0.991100013256073}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3019493403.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3019493403.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W560483619","https://openalex.org/W1550918981","https://openalex.org/W1590410573","https://openalex.org/W1642724957","https://openalex.org/W1798269780","https://openalex.org/W1920611774","https://openalex.org/W2003055279","https://openalex.org/W2006761398","https://openalex.org/W2009498409","https://openalex.org/W2047032385","https://openalex.org/W2063748462","https://openalex.org/W2072009895","https://openalex.org/W2088865935","https://openalex.org/W2127808988","https://openalex.org/W2161434585","https://openalex.org/W2163978617","https://openalex.org/W2166556324","https://openalex.org/W2338627515","https://openalex.org/W2401736589","https://openalex.org/W2626399891","https://openalex.org/W2884871757","https://openalex.org/W2900730185","https://openalex.org/W2913166293","https://openalex.org/W2955034754","https://openalex.org/W4253819046","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2971327543","https://openalex.org/W4392154799","https://openalex.org/W2184228706","https://openalex.org/W1999597279","https://openalex.org/W2072415103","https://openalex.org/W4412044750","https://openalex.org/W2344945043","https://openalex.org/W7204212246","https://openalex.org/W3088864899","https://openalex.org/W3047438475"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background:":[0],"Since":[1],"N":[2,67,86,100,104,110,128,132,139,146,202,232,264,298,316,338,350],"fertilizer":[3,31,68,299,317],"applied":[4,106,134,204,234,266],"to":[5,12,19,59,188,329],"maize":[6,28,73,186,220],"(Zea":[7],"mays":[8],"L.)":[9],"is":[10,17,32,343],"prone":[11],"loss":[13],"by":[14,38,221,243,287,291,332],"leaching,":[15],"it":[16],"important":[18],"derive":[20],"an":[21],"application":[22,65,260,318],"time":[23],"during":[24],"the":[25,30,39,61,176,196,211,237,259,293,341,346],"phenology":[26],"of":[27,63,66,97,125,185,213,219,248,256,261,271,278,295,297,314,327,349],"when":[29],"most":[33,177],"efficiently":[34],"and":[35,75,121,183,224,236,251,312,334],"effectively":[36],"used":[37],"crop":[40],"with":[41,161,228,245,274,324],"minimal":[42],"losses.":[43],"Objective:":[44],"Hence,":[45],"experiments":[46],"were":[47,153,241],"carried":[48],"out":[49],"in":[50,55,155,195,322,340],"2014":[51],"at":[52,89,112,148,168,345],"two":[53,93],"locations":[54],"Osogbo":[56],"southwest":[57],"Nigeria":[58],"determine":[60],"effects":[62],"split":[64,94],"on":[69],"soil":[70,179,307,342],"chemical":[71,180,308],"properties,":[72,181,309],"performance,":[74],"profitability.":[76],"Methods:":[77],"The":[78,150,191],"treatments":[79,152],"were:":[80],"(i)":[81],"control,":[82],"(ii)":[83],"120":[84,98,126,200,230,262],"kg":[85,99,103,127,131,138,145,201,231,263],"ha-1":[87,101,105,111,129,133,140,147,203,233,265],"Applied":[88],"Planting":[90,116],"(AP),":[91],"(iii)":[92],"applications":[95],"(SA)":[96],"{90":[102],"AP":[107,135],"+":[108,119,136,143],"30kg":[109],"thirty":[113,141],"Days":[114],"After":[115],"(DAP)":[117],"[90":[118],"30]},":[120],"(iv)":[122],"three":[123,162,172,300],"SA":[124,171,296],"{60":[130],"30":[137,144],"DAP":[142],"tasselling[60+30+30]}.":[149],"four":[151],"arranged":[154],"a":[156,252,269,275],"Randomized":[157],"Complete":[158],"Block":[159],"Design":[160],"replicates.":[163],"Results:":[164],"Results":[165],"indicate":[166],"that":[167,283,337],"both":[169,214],"sites,":[170,215],"times":[173,301],"(60+30+30)":[174],"has":[175,268],"improved":[178,306],"growth":[182],"yield":[184,192,218,311],"relative":[187],"other":[189],"methods.":[190],"parameters":[193],"increased":[194,217],"order:":[197],"control":[198],"<":[199,206,208],"once":[205,235,267],"90+30":[207],"60+30+30.":[209],"Using":[210],"mean":[212],"60+30+30":[216,244],"15.3%,":[222],"37.1%":[223],"138.2%,":[225],"respectively":[226],"compared":[227],"90+30,":[229],"control.":[238],"Optimum":[239],"returns":[240],"recorded":[242],"net":[246],"return":[247,270],"\u20a6":[249,272],"227,600":[250],"benefit":[253,276,286],"cost":[254],"ratio":[255,277],"3.67:1":[257],"while":[258],"157,200":[273],"2.9.":[279],"These":[280],"results":[281],"show":[282],"farmers":[284],"would":[285],"making":[288],"more":[289],"profit":[290],"adopting":[292],"method":[294],"(60+30+30).":[302],"Conclusion:":[303],"Therefore,":[304],"for":[305],"growth,":[310],"profitability":[313],"maize,":[315],"should":[319],"be":[320],"structured":[321],"accordance":[323],"this":[325],"pattern":[326],"uptake":[328],"avoid":[330],"losses":[331],"leaching":[333],"therefore":[335],"ensure":[336],"level":[339],"high":[344],"critical":[347],"stage":[348],"demand.":[351]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2020-05-01T00:00:00"}