{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3018885151","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/corg.12319","title":"Litigation risk and firm performance: The effect of internal and external corporate governance","display_name":"Litigation risk and firm performance: The effect of internal and external corporate governance","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-04-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3018885151","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/corg.12319","mag":"3018885151"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/corg.12319","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/corg.12319","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/corg.12319","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S77308338","display_name":"Corporate Governance An International Review","issn_l":"0964-8410","issn":["0964-8410","1467-8683"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-3","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Corporate Governance: An International Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000604347","display_name":"Wuqing Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8342-8624","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8342-8624"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78988378","display_name":"Renmin University of China","ror":"https://ror.org/041pakw92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78988378"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wuqing Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Accounting, School of Business, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Accounting, School of Business, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78988378"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Fei Peng","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78988378","display_name":"Renmin University of China","ror":"https://ror.org/041pakw92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78988378"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fei Peng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Accounting, School of Business, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Accounting, School of Business, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78988378"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088599693","display_name":"Yuan George Shan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5157-312X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5157-312X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177877127","display_name":"The University of Western Australia","ror":"https://ror.org/047272k79","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177877127"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yuan George Shan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Accounting and Finance, UWA Business School, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5157-312X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Accounting and Finance, UWA Business School, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177877127"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103091266","display_name":"Lu Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2179-2003","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2179-2003"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177877127","display_name":"The University of Western Australia","ror":"https://ror.org/047272k79","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177877127"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31847773","display_name":"Zhejiang Ocean University","ror":"https://ror.org/03mys6533","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31847773"]}],"countries":["AU","CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lu Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Accounting and Finance, UWA Business School, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia","Department of Accounting, School of Economics and Management, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Accounting and Finance, UWA Business School, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177877127"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Accounting, School of Economics and Management, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31847773"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5088599693"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177877127"],"apc_list":{"value":3300,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3300},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":19.9768,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":110,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99396556,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"28","issue":"4","first_page":"210","last_page":"239"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10019","display_name":"Corporate Finance and Governance","score":0.9442999958992004,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1402","display_name":"Accounting"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10019","display_name":"Corporate Finance and Governance","score":0.9442999958992004,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1402","display_name":"Accounting"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11762","display_name":"Law, Economics, and Judicial Systems","score":0.024399999529123306,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12509","display_name":"Corporate Insolvency and Governance","score":0.008100000210106373,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1402","display_name":"Accounting"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/litigation-risk","display_name":"litigation risk","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/firm-performance","display_name":"firm performance","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/corporate-governance","display_name":"corporate governance","score":0.7080000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-control","display_name":"internal control","score":0.7730000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/financial-analysts","display_name":"financial analysts","score":0.7739999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/debt-financing","display_name":"debt financing","score":0.9129999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/excessive-leverage","display_name":"excessive leverage","score":0.8820000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cost-of-debt","display_name":"cost of debt","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bank-borrowing","display_name":"bank borrowing","score":0.9380000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trade-credit","display_name":"trade credit","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chinese-firms","display_name":"Chinese enterprises","score":0.8379999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mediating-effect","display_name":"mediating effect","score":0.45500001311302185}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154307955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6648555","display_name":"Litigation risk analysis","level":3,"score":0.7280979752540588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39389867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380767","display_name":"Corporate governance","level":2,"score":0.7047853469848633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.6868458986282349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.6355301737785339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777134139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q697327","display_name":"Lawsuit","level":2,"score":0.6029683351516724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120527767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3196867","display_name":"Debt","level":2,"score":0.5749509334564209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121955636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214","display_name":"Accounting","level":1,"score":0.48444369435310364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.4516125023365021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.4460754692554474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.43369966745376587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179420905","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223871","display_name":"Mediation","level":2,"score":0.4281892776489258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.2534807622432709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.08731162548065186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199521495","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181487","display_name":"Audit","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/corg.12319","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/corg.12319","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/corg.12319","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S77308338","display_name":"Corporate Governance An International Review","issn_l":"0964-8410","issn":["0964-8410","1467-8683"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-3","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Corporate Governance: An International Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/fbd81158-9854-4a8d-83ce-3fe08d603d4f","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://research-repository.uwa.edu.au/en/publications/fbd81158-9854-4a8d-83ce-3fe08d603d4f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402492","display_name":"UWA Profiles and Research Repository (UWA)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I177877127","host_organization_name":"The University of Western Australia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177877127"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Wu, W, Peng, F, Shan, Y G & Zhang, L 2020, 'Litigation risk and firm performance: The effect of internal and external corporate governance', Corporate Governance: An International Review, vol. 28, no. 4, pp. 210-239. https://doi.org/10.1111/corg.12319","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.8999999761581421}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.44999998807907104}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2374855218","display_name":"\u57fa\u4e8e\u52a8\u6001\u591a\u5c42\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u4f01\u4e1a\u4fe1\u7528\u98ce\u9669\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"71871216","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2462028658","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"17GLB022","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336233","funder_display_name":"Beijing Municipal Office of Philosophy and Social Science Planning"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336233","display_name":"Beijing Municipal Office of Philosophy and Social Science Planning","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":110,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W180224939","https://openalex.org/W1651993497","https://openalex.org/W1810008670","https://openalex.org/W1840218356","https://openalex.org/W1971440513","https://openalex.org/W1973920140","https://openalex.org/W1976876708","https://openalex.org/W1982108055","https://openalex.org/W1982438007","https://openalex.org/W1988341511","https://openalex.org/W1990708181","https://openalex.org/W1991644057","https://openalex.org/W1995031937","https://openalex.org/W1999356144","https://openalex.org/W2006791990","https://openalex.org/W2008608178","https://openalex.org/W2010224062","https://openalex.org/W2010867166","https://openalex.org/W2011154793","https://openalex.org/W2011610583","https://openalex.org/W2013101092","https://openalex.org/W2014204705","https://openalex.org/W2015538552","https://openalex.org/W2018773052","https://openalex.org/W2020991619","https://openalex.org/W2021630490","https://openalex.org/W2029279732","https://openalex.org/W2031526968","https://openalex.org/W2036281662","https://openalex.org/W2045954215","https://openalex.org/W2047214294","https://openalex.org/W2049322494","https://openalex.org/W2054280701","https://openalex.org/W2054661316","https://openalex.org/W2057190074","https://openalex.org/W2059520058","https://openalex.org/W2059545387","https://openalex.org/W2076955939","https://openalex.org/W2080247429","https://openalex.org/W2095849253","https://openalex.org/W2103694941","https://openalex.org/W2112750975","https://openalex.org/W2115846503","https://openalex.org/W2115849388","https://openalex.org/W2122177692","https://openalex.org/W2124621674","https://openalex.org/W2125643062","https://openalex.org/W2127377765","https://openalex.org/W2130982780","https://openalex.org/W2141815851","https://openalex.org/W2162012454","https://openalex.org/W2163630232","https://openalex.org/W2168489384","https://openalex.org/W2170790204","https://openalex.org/W2178184854","https://openalex.org/W2240606784","https://openalex.org/W2262187434","https://openalex.org/W2283460118","https://openalex.org/W2301214054","https://openalex.org/W2318322531","https://openalex.org/W2331526531","https://openalex.org/W2366892266","https://openalex.org/W2403621606","https://openalex.org/W2524793615","https://openalex.org/W2553263233","https://openalex.org/W2601351324","https://openalex.org/W2752617332","https://openalex.org/W2761843097","https://openalex.org/W2768336671","https://openalex.org/W2769776903","https://openalex.org/W2770116749","https://openalex.org/W2781491497","https://openalex.org/W2795451179","https://openalex.org/W2807234869","https://openalex.org/W2883309105","https://openalex.org/W2894669251","https://openalex.org/W2986451735","https://openalex.org/W3022133196","https://openalex.org/W3022275618","https://openalex.org/W3023160244","https://openalex.org/W3023179202","https://openalex.org/W3121161246","https://openalex.org/W3121356793","https://openalex.org/W3121359491","https://openalex.org/W3121693921","https://openalex.org/W3122300128","https://openalex.org/W3122883123","https://openalex.org/W3122978481","https://openalex.org/W3123155398","https://openalex.org/W3123276728","https://openalex.org/W3123304433","https://openalex.org/W3123372626","https://openalex.org/W3123641014","https://openalex.org/W3123746573","https://openalex.org/W3123853500","https://openalex.org/W3124259581","https://openalex.org/W3124344020","https://openalex.org/W3124550632","https://openalex.org/W3124596050","https://openalex.org/W3124948273","https://openalex.org/W3125023303","https://openalex.org/W3125161428","https://openalex.org/W3125206964","https://openalex.org/W3125326244","https://openalex.org/W3125372543","https://openalex.org/W3125456150","https://openalex.org/W3125499115","https://openalex.org/W3125677029","https://openalex.org/W3126018468","https://openalex.org/W4233420185"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4365511758","https://openalex.org/W4285385809","https://openalex.org/W3187262785","https://openalex.org/W7223016164","https://openalex.org/W3042699599","https://openalex.org/W4408804443","https://openalex.org/W7213522899","https://openalex.org/W4417266167","https://openalex.org/W4407603006","https://openalex.org/W4409202155"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Research":[1,88],"Question/Issue":[2],"We":[3,119,219],"argue":[4],"that":[5,93,138,222,236],"findings":[6,194],"regarding":[7],"litigation":[8,49,83,94,117,132,139,186,201,209,231],"risk":[9,50,84,133,140,187,213],"in":[10,17],"the":[11,18,40,62,71,80,113,122,129,165,174,177,181,205,227,237],"United":[12],"States":[13],"are":[14,24,100],"not":[15],"applicable":[16],"Chinese":[19,22],"context":[20],"because":[21],"firms":[23],"more":[25],"dependent":[26],"on":[27,85,128],"debt":[28,77,126,169],"financing":[29,78,127],"for":[30,96],"their":[31,217],"operations":[32],"compared":[33],"with":[34,52,103,144],"US":[35],"firms.":[36],"Thus,":[37],"we":[38,234],"raise":[39],"following":[41,111],"research":[42],"questions":[43],"to":[44,199,215],"test":[45],"potential":[46],"differences:":[47],"Is":[48],"associated":[51,102,143],"firm":[53,86,104,135,145,197],"performance?":[54,87],"Does":[55,76],"effective":[56],"internal":[57,107],"control":[58,214],"of":[59,64,73,82,116,125,152,168,176,180,208,230],"governance":[60,108],"improve":[61,70],"performance":[63,72,146],"lawsuit":[65,74],"firms?":[66,75],"Do":[67],"financial":[68,223,238],"analysts":[69,224],"mediate":[79],"effect":[81,124,167],"Findings/Insights":[89],"Our":[90],"results":[91],"indicate":[92],"claims":[95],"large":[97],"monetary":[98],"amounts":[99],"negatively":[101,142],"performance,":[105,136],"whereas":[106],"and":[109,134,157,188,211],"analyst":[110,239],"moderate":[112],"negative":[114],"effects":[115,229],"risk.":[118],"further":[120,242],"examine":[121],"mediating":[123],"relationship":[130],"between":[131,183],"finding":[137],"is":[141],"through":[147],"excessive":[148],"leverage,":[149],"increased":[150],"cost":[151],"debt,":[153],"reduced":[154],"bank":[155],"borrowing,":[156],"trade":[158],"credit.":[159],"Theoretical/Academic":[160],"Implications":[161,192],"By":[162],"empirically":[163],"testing":[164],"mediation":[166],"financing,":[170],"this":[171],"study":[172],"enhances":[173],"understanding":[175],"underlying":[178],"causes":[179],"association":[182],"a":[184],"firm's":[185],"its":[189],"performance.":[190],"Practitioner/Policy":[191],"The":[193],"will":[195],"help":[196],"managers":[198],"review":[200],"risks,":[202],"better":[203],"understand":[204],"economic":[206],"mechanisms":[207],"risk,":[210],"promote":[212],"regulate":[216],"behaviors.":[218],"also":[220],"find":[221],"can":[225],"correct":[226],"adverse":[228],"risk;":[232],"thus,":[233],"recommend":[235],"profession":[240],"be":[241],"normalized.":[243]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2020-05-01T00:00:00"}
