{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3017246794","doi":"https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202004.0321.v1","title":"Plants as a Prospective Source of Natural Anti-viral Compounds and Oral Vaccines Against COVID-19 Coronavirus","display_name":"Plants as a Prospective Source of Natural Anti-viral Compounds and Oral Vaccines Against COVID-19 Coronavirus","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-04-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3017246794","doi":"https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202004.0321.v1","mag":"3017246794"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0321.v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202004.0321.v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202004.0321.v1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S6309402219","display_name":"Preprints.org","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202004.0321.v1","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019424762","display_name":"Mahdi Yonesi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6416-6016","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6416-6016"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I88060688","display_name":"Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03n6nwv02","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I88060688"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mahdi Yonesi","raw_affiliation_strings":["-Centro de Tecnolog\u00eda Biom\u00e9dica (CTB), Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"-Centro de Tecnolog\u00eda Biom\u00e9dica (CTB), Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I88060688"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066220882","display_name":"Alireza Rezazadeh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6104-1717","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6104-1717"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119025939","display_name":"Shahed University","ror":"https://ror.org/01e8ff003","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119025939"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Alireza Rezazadeh","raw_affiliation_strings":["-Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"-Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119025939"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5066220882"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119025939"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14521","display_name":"Medicinal Plant Research","score":0.8241999745368958,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14521","display_name":"Medicinal Plant Research","score":0.8241999745368958,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10118","display_name":"SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research","score":0.07450000196695328,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12856","display_name":"Transgenic Plants and Applications","score":0.035599999129772186,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1305","display_name":"Biotechnology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covid-19","display_name":"COVID-19 pandemic","score":0.9290000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sars-cov-2","display_name":"SARS-CoV-2","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicinal-plants","display_name":"medicinal plants","score":0.7129999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antiviral-agents","display_name":"antiviral agents","score":0.8370000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lectins","display_name":"lectins","score":0.8849999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oral-vaccine","display_name":"oral vaccine","score":0.8539999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scutellaria-baicalensis","display_name":"Scutellaria baicalensis","score":0.8690000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urtica-dioica","display_name":"Urtica dioica","score":0.9739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nicotiana-tabacum","display_name":"tobacco","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/viral-antigen-expression","display_name":"viral antigen expression","score":0.6200000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antiviral-drug-discovery","display_name":"antiviral drug discovery","score":0.5339999794960022}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777648638","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q57751738","display_name":"Coronavirus","level":5,"score":0.8689385056495667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159047783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7215","display_name":"Virology","level":1,"score":0.665268063545227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.5149458050727844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3008058167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84263196","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","level":4,"score":0.5071561336517334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3007834351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82069695","display_name":"Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)","level":5,"score":0.4155842959880829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.41457685828208923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.26278623938560486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524204448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788926","display_name":"Infectious disease (medical specialty)","level":3,"score":0.19308897852897644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0321.v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202004.0321.v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202004.0321.v1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S6309402219","display_name":"Preprints.org","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.20944/preprints202004.0321.v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202004.0321.v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202004.0321.v1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S6309402219","display_name":"Preprints.org","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8560000061988831,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":58,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1515106427","https://openalex.org/W1978897742","https://openalex.org/W2000932609","https://openalex.org/W2006718722","https://openalex.org/W2007679990","https://openalex.org/W2010903641","https://openalex.org/W2020896146","https://openalex.org/W2035256325","https://openalex.org/W2041378377","https://openalex.org/W2044549602","https://openalex.org/W2045197382","https://openalex.org/W2046256499","https://openalex.org/W2047717104","https://openalex.org/W2056022472","https://openalex.org/W2058755751","https://openalex.org/W2060195082","https://openalex.org/W2061064577","https://openalex.org/W2073409608","https://openalex.org/W2076741073","https://openalex.org/W2078510009","https://openalex.org/W2079243647","https://openalex.org/W2102380386","https://openalex.org/W2106644744","https://openalex.org/W2116420909","https://openalex.org/W2136414263","https://openalex.org/W2136916161","https://openalex.org/W2140143765","https://openalex.org/W2149128655","https://openalex.org/W2166189758","https://openalex.org/W2170017134","https://openalex.org/W2185486945","https://openalex.org/W2187678802","https://openalex.org/W2272117896","https://openalex.org/W2347302941","https://openalex.org/W2398508477","https://openalex.org/W2415775208","https://openalex.org/W2530076129","https://openalex.org/W2739901926","https://openalex.org/W2792665188","https://openalex.org/W2904443600","https://openalex.org/W2948388252","https://openalex.org/W2953306978","https://openalex.org/W2969718472","https://openalex.org/W2974542592","https://openalex.org/W2985346127","https://openalex.org/W2999364275","https://openalex.org/W3003217347","https://openalex.org/W3003317583","https://openalex.org/W3004280078","https://openalex.org/W3009678818","https://openalex.org/W3009828946","https://openalex.org/W3010126769","https://openalex.org/W3012171780","https://openalex.org/W3012379316","https://openalex.org/W3013859452","https://openalex.org/W3013943119","https://openalex.org/W3125201916","https://openalex.org/W4230651824"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4385061182","https://openalex.org/W3127528851","https://openalex.org/W3105114597","https://openalex.org/W4200012866","https://openalex.org/W3130466524","https://openalex.org/W3173271539","https://openalex.org/W4323663614","https://openalex.org/W3137897121","https://openalex.org/W3039495002","https://openalex.org/W4405612683"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"proposal":[1],"of":[2,10,21,27,59,79,93,100,126,132,140,162,200,210,224,232],"novel":[3,12,134],"drugs":[4,61],"and":[5,39,62,71,103,123,137,168,183,234],"approaches":[6,67],"for":[7,76,129,155,191,207,219],"effective":[8],"treatment":[9,46,78,131],"the":[11,18,22,25,28,41,57,73,77,80,98,114,121,124,130,133,160,163,169,192,198,208,211,220,225,230],"coronavirus":[13,29,135,146,164,194,212,227],"is":[14],"a":[15,88,91,110,217],"necessity":[16],"after":[17],"quick":[19],"outbreak":[20],"disease.":[23],"Since":[24],"commencement":[26],"spread,":[30],"enormous":[31],"efforts":[32],"have":[33,52,68,148],"been":[34,48,53,149],"made":[35],"to":[36,112,159,229],"protect,":[37],"alleviate":[38],"cure":[40],"disease,":[42],"though":[43],"no":[44],"specific":[45],"has":[47],"approved.":[49],"While":[50],"there":[51],"convincing":[54],"results":[55,125],"in":[56,166],"use":[58,199],"chemical":[60],"interferon":[63],"therapy,":[64],"such":[65,177,202],"therapeutic":[66],"various":[69],"drawbacks":[70],"lack":[72],"required":[74],"performance":[75],"new":[81,193,226],"coronavirus.":[82,171],"Medicinal":[83],"plant":[84,175],"species":[85,176],"can":[86,215],"provide":[87],"solution":[89],"as":[90,105,107,109,178,188,203],"source":[92],"natural":[94],"antiviral":[95,195,236],"compounds":[96,147],"by":[97],"accumulation":[99],"secondary":[101],"metabolites":[102],"lectins":[104],"well":[106],"acting":[108],"platform":[111],"express":[113],"viral":[115,213],"immunogenic":[116],"proteins.":[117],"This":[118,172],"study":[119],"reviews":[120],"advantages":[122],"previous":[127,138],"research":[128,157,223],"disease":[136,165],"generations":[139],"similar":[141],"coronaviruses.":[142],"Several":[143],"plant-derived":[144],"anti":[145],"nominated":[150],"that":[151],"could":[152],"be":[153,216],"targeted":[154],"further":[156],"due":[158,228],"similarity":[161],"2003":[167],"current":[170],"review":[173],"regards":[174],"Scutellaria":[179],"baicalensis":[180],"(Baikal":[181],"skullcap),":[182],"Utrica":[184],"dioica":[185],"(Stinging":[186],"nettle)":[187],"suitable":[189],"candidates":[190],"research.":[196],"Furthermore,":[197],"plants":[201],"Nicotiana":[204],"tabacum":[205],"(Tobacco)":[206],"expression":[209,233],"antigens":[214],"target":[218],"future":[221],"vaccinal":[222],"efficiency":[231],"intrinsic":[235],"properties.":[237]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-11-09T13:22:03.289127","created_date":"2020-04-24T00:00:00"}