{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3016968053","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/wco.0000000000000825","title":"Update on T cells in the virally infected brain: friends and foes","display_name":"Update on T cells in the virally infected brain: friends and foes","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-04-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3016968053","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/wco.0000000000000825","mag":"3016968053","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32304440","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7259386"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1097/wco.0000000000000825","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/wco.0000000000000825","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/wco.0000000000000825","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S177945262","display_name":"Current Opinion in Neurology","issn_l":"1350-7540","issn":["1350-7540","1473-6551"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Current Opinion in Neurology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/wco.0000000000000825","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025318684","display_name":"Shenjian Ai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9433-8939","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9433-8939"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shenjian Ai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departments of Medicine"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departments of Medicine","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046722897","display_name":"Robyn S. Klein","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0281-1352","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0281-1352"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204465549","display_name":"Washington University in St. Louis","ror":"https://ror.org/01yc7t268","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Robyn S. Klein","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departments of Medicine","Neurosciences Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA","Pathology and Immunology","fax: +1 314 362 9230","to Dr Robyn S. Klein, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8051, St. Louis, MO 63110-1093, USA. Tel: +1 314 286 2140"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departments of Medicine","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Neurosciences Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pathology and Immunology","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"fax: +1 314 362 9230","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"to Dr Robyn S. Klein, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8051, St. Louis, MO 63110-1093, USA. Tel: +1 314 286 2140","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5046722897"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5226,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":35,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.49242902,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"33","issue":"3","first_page":"405","last_page":"412"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10031","display_name":"T-cell and B-cell Immunology","score":0.45559999346733093,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10031","display_name":"T-cell and B-cell Immunology","score":0.45559999346733093,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11266","display_name":"Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms","score":0.2777999937534332,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10112","display_name":"HIV Research and Treatment","score":0.13019999861717224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2406","display_name":"Virology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/t-cells","display_name":"T cells","score":0.9079999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neurotropic-viral-infection","display_name":"neurotropic viral infection","score":0.7960000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tissue-resident-memory-t-cells","display_name":"tissue-resident memory T cells","score":0.875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/effector-t-cells","display_name":"effector T cells","score":0.8820000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroinflammation","display_name":"neuroinflammation","score":0.6660000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immunopathology","display_name":"immunopathology","score":0.781000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/t-cell-cytokines","display_name":"T cell cytokines","score":0.7760000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antiviral-immunity","display_name":"antiviral immunity","score":0.7599999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/central-nervous-system","display_name":"central nervous system","score":0.4690000116825104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immunotherapy-targets","display_name":"immunotherapy targets","score":0.515999972820282}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.7088292241096497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776090121","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193529","display_name":"T cell","level":3,"score":0.5579355955123901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8891405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059","display_name":"Immune system","level":2,"score":0.5245554447174072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.48406925797462463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780648854","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2745824","display_name":"Immunopathology","level":2,"score":0.46369799971580505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777701055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1427096","display_name":"Immunotherapy","level":3,"score":0.46141016483306885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780640218","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8277","display_name":"Multiple sclerosis","level":2,"score":0.44468018412590027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529278444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47273","display_name":"Central nervous system","level":2,"score":0.4212297797203064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3521265387535095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.3301229476928711}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002494","descriptor_name":"Central Nervous System Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009474","descriptor_name":"Neurons","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013601","descriptor_name":"T-Lymphocytes","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016207","descriptor_name":"Cytokines","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1097/wco.0000000000000825","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/wco.0000000000000825","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/wco.0000000000000825","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S177945262","display_name":"Current Opinion in Neurology","issn_l":"1350-7540","issn":["1350-7540","1473-6551"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Current Opinion in Neurology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7259386","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7259386","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Curr Opin Neurol","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:32304440","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32304440","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Current opinion in neurology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:digitalcommons.wustl.edu:open_access_pubs-12681","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcommons.wustl.edu/open_access_pubs/11688","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400764","display_name":"Digital Commons@Becker (Washington University School of Medicine)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I204465549","host_organization_name":"Washington University in St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Open Access Publications","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1097/wco.0000000000000825","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/wco.0000000000000825","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/wco.0000000000000825","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S177945262","display_name":"Current Opinion in Neurology","issn_l":"1350-7540","issn":["1350-7540","1473-6551"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Current Opinion in Neurology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.98580002784729,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2960314748","display_name":"NEUROPATHOGENESIS OF ZIKA VIRUS INFECTIONS","funder_award_id":"R01NS104471","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337359","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5441180306","display_name":"Neuroprotection and repair during West Nile Virus Encephalitis","funder_award_id":"R01NS052632","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337359","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6675788162","display_name":"TAM Receptors and Virus Infection","funder_award_id":"R01AI101400","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337355","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337355","display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/043z4tv69"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337359","display_name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","ror":"https://ror.org/01s5ya894"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":73,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W35018986","https://openalex.org/W1677866304","https://openalex.org/W1942194807","https://openalex.org/W1970168773","https://openalex.org/W1973680902","https://openalex.org/W1999732999","https://openalex.org/W2036366196","https://openalex.org/W2059254211","https://openalex.org/W2061053192","https://openalex.org/W2063315071","https://openalex.org/W2068185438","https://openalex.org/W2084419139","https://openalex.org/W2088712138","https://openalex.org/W2090646303","https://openalex.org/W2103925603","https://openalex.org/W2107771044","https://openalex.org/W2127655517","https://openalex.org/W2142913420","https://openalex.org/W2150774350","https://openalex.org/W2163450757","https://openalex.org/W2204358229","https://openalex.org/W2395416726","https://openalex.org/W2400637227","https://openalex.org/W2408247008","https://openalex.org/W2464735068","https://openalex.org/W2467438710","https://openalex.org/W2519998274","https://openalex.org/W2573339072","https://openalex.org/W2576931861","https://openalex.org/W2583435206","https://openalex.org/W2607232236","https://openalex.org/W2619143287","https://openalex.org/W2625774405","https://openalex.org/W2761760850","https://openalex.org/W2767265855","https://openalex.org/W2770282530","https://openalex.org/W2787911242","https://openalex.org/W2791588771","https://openalex.org/W2792697291","https://openalex.org/W2792800097","https://openalex.org/W2793707549","https://openalex.org/W2795270277","https://openalex.org/W2795862703","https://openalex.org/W2796008698","https://openalex.org/W2799300608","https://openalex.org/W2801308533","https://openalex.org/W2802425064","https://openalex.org/W2806117049","https://openalex.org/W2807391280","https://openalex.org/W2883942034","https://openalex.org/W2885259903","https://openalex.org/W2885781318","https://openalex.org/W2889817565","https://openalex.org/W2890087043","https://openalex.org/W2893538440","https://openalex.org/W2899073628","https://openalex.org/W2899192123","https://openalex.org/W2912249578","https://openalex.org/W2919079931","https://openalex.org/W2935676007","https://openalex.org/W2937368202","https://openalex.org/W2941734675","https://openalex.org/W2942932095","https://openalex.org/W2944068021","https://openalex.org/W2945167793","https://openalex.org/W2950737688","https://openalex.org/W2951246796","https://openalex.org/W2951452082","https://openalex.org/W2959311824","https://openalex.org/W2962747861","https://openalex.org/W2971720183","https://openalex.org/W2973197892","https://openalex.org/W2982096278"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1767229948","https://openalex.org/W2973197892","https://openalex.org/W2585996473","https://openalex.org/W4377990682","https://openalex.org/W2132704867","https://openalex.org/W4400590727","https://openalex.org/W4385687596","https://openalex.org/W7204192296","https://openalex.org/W2233981766","https://openalex.org/W2097255250"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"PURPOSE":[0],"OF":[1],"REVIEW:":[2],"The":[3,68],"present":[4],"review":[5],"will":[6,43,62,168],"outline":[7],"neuroprotective":[8],"and":[9,30,38,60,76,163],"neurotoxic":[10],"effects":[11,117],"of":[12,54,85,96,115,157,166,172,176],"central":[13],"nervous":[14],"system":[15],"(CNS)":[16],"infiltrating":[17],"T":[18,72,102],"cells":[19,73,103,125],"during":[20,82,139],"viral":[21,141],"infections.":[22],"Evidence":[23],"demonstrating":[24],"differential":[25,94,119],"roles":[26,95],"for":[27,71,135],"antiviral":[28,106],"effector":[29],"resident":[31,100],"memory":[32,61,101,153],"T-cell":[33,97,130,158],"subsets":[34],"in":[35,40,74,105,110],"virologic":[36,137],"control":[37,138],"immunopathology":[39],"the":[41,83,170],"CNS":[42,78],"be":[44,64],"discussed.":[45],"Potential":[46],"therapeutic":[47],"targets":[48,149],"emanating":[49],"from":[50],"a":[51],"growing":[52],"understanding":[53],"T-cell-initiated":[55],"neuropathology":[56],"that":[57,126,132],"impacts":[58],"learning":[59],"also":[63],"delineated.":[65],"RECENT":[66],"FINDINGS:":[67],"critical":[69],"role":[70],"preventing":[75],"clearing":[77],"infections":[79,142],"became":[80],"incontrovertible":[81],"era":[84],"acquired":[86],"immunodeficiency":[87],"syndrome.":[88],"Recent":[89],"studies":[90],"have":[91,143],"further":[92],"defined":[93],"subsets,":[98,159],"including":[99],"(Trm),":[104],"immunity":[107],"and,":[108],"unexpectedly,":[109],"postinfectious":[111],"cognitive":[112],"dysfunction.":[113],"Mechanisms":[114],"T-cell-mediated":[116],"include":[118],"innate":[120],"immune":[121],"signaling":[122],"within":[123],"neural":[124],"are":[127,133],"virus-specific.":[128],"SUMMARY:":[129],"cytokines":[131],"essential":[134],"cell-mediated":[136],"neurotropic":[140],"recently":[144],"been":[145],"identified":[146],"as":[147],"potential":[148],"to":[150],"prevent":[151],"post-infection":[152],"disorders.":[154],"Further":[155],"identification":[156],"their":[160],"antigen":[161],"specificity,":[162],"postinfection":[164],"localization":[165],"Trm":[167],"enhance":[169],"efficacy":[171],"immunotherapies":[173],"through":[174],"minimization":[175],"immunopathology.":[177]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2020-04-24T00:00:00"}