{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3016482914","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/9632010","title":"Performance of Combined A/O Moving-Bed Biofilm Reactors for Biological Nutrients Removal from Domestic Wastewater under Different Gas/Water Ratios","display_name":"Performance of Combined A/O Moving-Bed Biofilm Reactors for Biological Nutrients Removal from Domestic Wastewater under Different Gas/Water Ratios","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-04-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3016482914","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/9632010","mag":"3016482914"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2020/9632010","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/9632010","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/9632010","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/je/2020/9632010.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210228793","display_name":"Journal of Engineering","issn_l":"2314-4904","issn":["2314-4904","2314-4912"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869","https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation","Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/je/2020/9632010.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058921864","display_name":"Ali H. Al-Aboodi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2648-8863","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2648-8863"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126633494","display_name":"University of Basrah","ror":"https://ror.org/00840ea57","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126633494"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ali H. Al-Aboodi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Civil Engineering Department, Engineering College, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2648-8863","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Civil Engineering Department, Engineering College, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126633494"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073746630","display_name":"Ayman Hassan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3423-1037","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3423-1037","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6711-0066"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126633494","display_name":"University of Basrah","ror":"https://ror.org/00840ea57","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126633494"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ayman Alak Hassan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Civil Engineering Department, Engineering College, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Civil Engineering Department, Engineering College, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126633494"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050215508","display_name":"Musa H. Alshammari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9538-3870","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9538-3870"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142005","display_name":"University of Kerbala","ror":"https://ror.org/0449bkp65","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142005"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Musa Habib Jassim Al-Shammari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Civil Engineering Department, Engineering College, University of Karbala, Karbala, Iraq"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Civil Engineering Department, Engineering College, University of Karbala, Karbala, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210142005"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5058921864"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126633494"],"apc_list":{"value":1400,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1400},"apc_paid":{"value":1400,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1400},"fwci":0.3121,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.49339302,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"2020","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"9"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10564","display_name":"Wastewater Treatment and Nitrogen Removal","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2310","display_name":"Pollution"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10564","display_name":"Wastewater Treatment and Nitrogen Removal","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2310","display_name":"Pollution"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11781","display_name":"Wastewater Treatment and Reuse","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2311","display_name":"Waste Management and Disposal"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14249","display_name":"Water Quality Monitoring and Analysis","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2311","display_name":"Waste Management and Disposal"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/moving-bed-biofilm-reactor","display_name":"moving bed biofilm reactor","score":0.9459999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/a-o-process","display_name":"A/O process","score":0.8320000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biological-nutrient-removal","display_name":"biological nutrient removal","score":0.7620000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domestic-wastewater-treatment","display_name":"domestic wastewater treatment","score":0.847000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gas-water-ratio","display_name":"gas-water ratio","score":0.9620000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nitrification-denitrification","display_name":"nitrification-denitrification","score":0.9229999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nitrogen-removal","display_name":"nitrogen removal","score":0.578000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phosphorus-removal","display_name":"phosphorus removal","score":0.984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ammonium-removal","display_name":"ammonium removal","score":0.7760000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cod-removal","display_name":"COD removal","score":0.921999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydraulic-retention-time","display_name":"hydraulic retention time","score":0.8240000009536743}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20556612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4469374","display_name":"Volume (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.7190957069396973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108970007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q568324","display_name":"Anoxic waters","level":2,"score":0.6931436061859131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94061648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336191","display_name":"Wastewater","level":2,"score":0.6777275204658508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144176778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q766786","display_name":"Surface-area-to-volume ratio","level":2,"score":0.5985177755355835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.5267980694770813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87717796","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146326","display_name":"Environmental engineering","level":1,"score":0.5212812423706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164752452","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q668677","display_name":"Nitrification","level":3,"score":0.49910569190979004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C528095902","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2283886","display_name":"Pulp and paper industry","level":1,"score":0.4888112246990204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84250820","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3030793","display_name":"Hydraulic retention time","level":3,"score":0.48431482911109924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173209714","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q923906","display_name":"Settling","level":2,"score":0.4579422175884247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86922832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q381105","display_name":"Aeration","level":2,"score":0.43010270595550537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58123911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q467410","display_name":"Biofilm","level":3,"score":0.4157925248146057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.40483394265174866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.34730663895606995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C537208039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627","display_name":"Nitrogen","level":2,"score":0.31026339530944824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107872376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q321355","display_name":"Environmental chemistry","level":1,"score":0.2971523702144623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42360764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588","display_name":"Chemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.14332115650177002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.07972222566604614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C523546767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10876","display_name":"Bacteria","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/2020/9632010","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/9632010","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/9632010","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/je/2020/9632010.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210228793","display_name":"Journal of Engineering","issn_l":"2314-4904","issn":["2314-4904","2314-4912"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869","https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation","Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d6060c5d5a6f4fb0a256418308523b5d","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d6060c5d5a6f4fb0a256418308523b5d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Engineering, Vol 2020 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2020/9632010","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/9632010","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/9632010","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/je/2020/9632010.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210228793","display_name":"Journal of Engineering","issn_l":"2314-4904","issn":["2314-4904","2314-4912"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869","https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation","Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","display_name":"Clean water and sanitation"},{"score":0.7811999917030334,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12","display_name":"Responsible consumption and production"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3016482914.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3016482914.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W168816897","https://openalex.org/W1970208495","https://openalex.org/W1980609187","https://openalex.org/W1985454185","https://openalex.org/W1989827773","https://openalex.org/W2010688569","https://openalex.org/W2026634948","https://openalex.org/W2028536567","https://openalex.org/W2031294043","https://openalex.org/W2041433226","https://openalex.org/W2057671959","https://openalex.org/W2057924705","https://openalex.org/W2060467299","https://openalex.org/W2066267646","https://openalex.org/W2073807898","https://openalex.org/W2080281468","https://openalex.org/W2083484824","https://openalex.org/W2088443679","https://openalex.org/W2094263217","https://openalex.org/W2094631127","https://openalex.org/W2110988342","https://openalex.org/W2143535440","https://openalex.org/W2155157037","https://openalex.org/W2165506982","https://openalex.org/W2169103407","https://openalex.org/W2181566306","https://openalex.org/W2241200311","https://openalex.org/W2244324039","https://openalex.org/W2326596274","https://openalex.org/W2398141261","https://openalex.org/W2804128656","https://openalex.org/W2804899144","https://openalex.org/W2903784097","https://openalex.org/W2904556701","https://openalex.org/W4238958966"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2181566306","https://openalex.org/W4312473611","https://openalex.org/W2391814925","https://openalex.org/W2903512860","https://openalex.org/W6884527676","https://openalex.org/W2187969606","https://openalex.org/W2557524080","https://openalex.org/W1983586862","https://openalex.org/W2152707076","https://openalex.org/W4317708713"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1,237],"experimental":[2],"research,":[3],"the":[4,96,108,119,160,168,187,197,216,244],"continuous-upflow":[5,124],"lab-scale":[6],"combined":[7],"A/O":[8,15,43,102,172],"Moving-Bed":[9],"Biofilm":[10],"Reactors":[11],"(MBBRs),":[12],"with":[13,52,61,80,90,126,215],"50%":[14],"volume":[16,54,63],"ratio":[17,93,166,182,210],"and":[18,66,71,136,152,191,201,227,233,255,261],"100%":[19],"internal":[20],"NO3\u2212":[21],"recycling":[22],"ratio,":[23,243],"were":[24,85],"constructed":[25],"to":[26,87,94,133,158],"treat":[27],"60":[28],"L/day":[29],"of":[30,47,82,98,116,162,171,189,199,206,219,223,239,247],"domestic":[31],"wastewater":[32],"in":[33,123,156,251],"Basra":[34],"Province":[35],"(Southern":[36],"Iraq)":[37],"under":[38,107],"full":[39],"nitrification-denitrification":[40],"processes.":[41],"The":[42,101,174,203],"treatment":[44,103],"system":[45,104,120],"consists":[46],"Plexiglas":[48,57,68],"square":[49,58,69],"anoxic":[50,256],"reactor":[51,60],"effective":[53,62],"(15":[55],"litters),":[56,65],"aerobic":[59,253],"(30":[64],"250-litter":[67],"primary":[70],"final":[72],"settling":[73],"tanks.":[74],"Cylindrical":[75],"K1":[76],"plastic":[77],"Kaldnes":[78],"carriers":[79],"density":[81],"0.93":[83],"g/cm3":[84],"added":[86],"both":[88,252],"reactors":[89],"60%":[91],"filling":[92],"achieve":[95],"process":[97],"biofilm":[99],"attaching.":[100],"was":[105,121],"operated":[106,122],"batch":[109],"mode":[110,125],"for":[111,114],"four":[112],"weeks":[113],"development":[115],"biofilm;":[117],"then":[118],"total":[127,169],"hydraulic":[128],"retention":[129],"time":[130],"(HRT)":[131],"equal":[132],"18":[134],"hours":[135],"five":[137],"different":[138],"gas":[139,163,179,207,240],":":[140,144,146,148,150,154,164,180,208,213,241],"water":[141,165,181,209,242],"ratios":[142],"(5":[143],"1,7":[145],"1,10":[147],"1,15":[149],"1,":[151,214],"20":[153],"1)":[155],"order":[157],"investigate":[159],"effect":[161,185],"on":[167,186],"performance":[170],"system.":[173],"study":[175],"results":[176],"illustrated":[177],"that":[178],"has":[183],"no":[184],"removing":[188,198],"NH4+-N":[190],"COD,":[192],"while":[193],"it":[194],"significantly":[195],"affects":[196],"TP":[200],"TN.":[202],"optimum":[204],"value":[205,218,238],"is":[211],"7":[212],"average":[217,245],"removal":[220],"efficiency":[221],"(R%)":[222],"TP,":[224],"TN,":[225],"NH4+-N,":[226],"COD":[228],"being":[229],"84.49%,":[230],"78.67%,":[231],"97.27%,":[232],"95.56%,":[234],"respectively.":[235,264],"Under":[236],"values":[246],"dissolved":[248],"oxygen":[249],"(DO)":[250],"MBBR":[254,257],"are":[258],"3.96":[259],"mg/L":[260],"0.181":[262],"mg/L,":[263]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2020-04-24T00:00:00"}