{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3015854565","doi":null,"title":"Analysis proposals for test-negative design and matched case-control studies during widespread testing of symptomatic persons for SARS-Cov-2","display_name":"Analysis proposals for test-negative design and matched case-control studies during widespread testing of symptomatic persons for SARS-Cov-2","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-04-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3015854565","mag":"3015854565"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:3015854565","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2004.06033","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2004.06033","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014844709","display_name":"Jan Paul Vandenbroucke","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5668-6716","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5668-6716"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jan P. Vandenbroucke","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5668-6716","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091135056","display_name":"Elizabeth Bailey Brickley","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0280-2288","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0280-2288"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elizabeth B. Brickley","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0280-2288","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010614407","display_name":"Christina M. J. E. Vandenbroucke\u2010Grauls","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2074-1597","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2074-1597"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christina M. J. E. Vandenbroucke\u2010Grauls","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2074-1597","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061652194","display_name":"Neil E. Pearce","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9938-7852","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9938-7852"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Neil Pearce","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9938-7852","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10410","display_name":"COVID-19 epidemiological studies","score":0.5112000107765198,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2611","display_name":"Modeling and Simulation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10410","display_name":"COVID-19 epidemiological studies","score":0.5112000107765198,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2611","display_name":"Modeling and Simulation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10118","display_name":"SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research","score":0.19140000641345978,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14374","display_name":"Statistical Methods in Epidemiology","score":0.12409999966621399,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test-negative-design","display_name":"test-negative design","score":0.8840000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matched-case-control-studies","display_name":"matched case-control studies","score":0.8650000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sars-cov-2","display_name":"SARS-CoV-2","score":0.949999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covid-19","display_name":"COVID-19 pandemic","score":0.9760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/large-scale-testing","display_name":"large-scale testing","score":0.6779999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-factors","display_name":"risk factors","score":0.8709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/respiratory-tract-infections","display_name":"respiratory infections","score":0.9649999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covid-19-surveillance","display_name":"COVID-19 surveillance","score":0.5630000233650208}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.7215887904167175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6013144254684448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64869954","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1859747","display_name":"False positive paradox","level":2,"score":0.5956639051437378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.568744957447052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89623803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12184","display_name":"Pandemic","level":5,"score":0.5291585922241211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3008058167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84263196","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","level":4,"score":0.49297213554382324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3007834351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82069695","display_name":"Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)","level":5,"score":0.43646371364593506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166888038","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4118322","display_name":"Infection control","level":2,"score":0.4297053813934326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.42154181003570557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177713679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care medicine","level":1,"score":0.3404087424278259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.23498132824897766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.16293609142303467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.15984919667243958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.15731820464134216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.1392173171043396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.08319470286369324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524204448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788926","display_name":"Infectious disease (medical specialty)","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:3015854565","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2004.06033","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"mag:3015854565","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2004.06033","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","raw_type":null},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.98580002784729}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3025014328","https://openalex.org/W3211484959","https://openalex.org/W3033638322","https://openalex.org/W3169438172","https://openalex.org/W7158588496","https://openalex.org/W4310458614","https://openalex.org/W4389506820","https://openalex.org/W4401714183","https://openalex.org/W3134921568","https://openalex.org/W4307287728"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"An":[0],"increasing":[1],"number":[2],"of":[3,7,36,122,151,217,272],"countries":[4],"expands":[5],"testing":[6,121,257],"symptomatic":[8,47,64,97,136],"persons":[9,65,98,123,137,141,187,206],"for":[10,46,154,179,214,229,242,247],"infection":[11],"with":[12,124,138,142,269],"SARS-CoV-2.":[13],"It":[14],"is":[15,56,103,259],"important":[16],"to":[17,21,27,59,99,116,119,172,188,192],"consider":[18],"efficient":[19],"ways":[20],"collect":[22],"information":[23,73],"that":[24,39,91,147,225,238],"will":[25,66,79,161],"allow":[26],"understand":[28],"the":[29,51,57,96,100,105,111,166,189,208,252,270,273],"COVID-19":[30,139,156,202,231,244],"pandemic.":[31],"We":[32,108,211],"propose":[33],"two":[34],"types":[35,216],"case-control":[37,53,87,176,196,275],"studies":[38,88,177,197,221],"can":[40],"be":[41,67,80,163,266],"carried":[42],"out":[43],"in":[44,132,261],"test-settings":[45],"persons.":[48],"The":[49,83,128],"first,":[50],"test-negative":[52,253],"design":[54,254],"(TND)":[55],"easiest":[58],"set":[60],"up,":[61],"since":[62],"all":[63],"tested;":[68],"it":[69,118,264],"only":[70],"demands":[71,90],"collecting":[72],"from":[74,207],"these":[75],"persons,":[76],"some":[77],"which":[78],"collected":[81],"routinely.":[82],"second,":[84],"standard":[85,174],"matched":[86,175,205,274],"(CC)":[89],"one":[92],"person":[93],"who":[94],"accompanies":[95],"test":[101,190],"facility":[102],"asked":[104],"same":[106],"information.":[107],"first":[109],"summarize":[110],"TND":[112,129],"and":[113,126,140,157,182,204,232,236],"explain":[114],"how":[115,171],"add":[117,173],"large-scale":[120],"signs":[125],"symptoms.":[127],"shows":[130],"differences":[131],"risk":[133,149,227,240],"factors":[134,150,228,241],"between":[135,201,223],"other":[143,158,215,233,248],"respiratory":[144,159,234,249],"infections.":[145,250],"Factors":[146],"are":[148,226,239],"equal":[152],"magnitude":[153],"both":[155,230],"infections":[160],"not":[162],"identified":[164],"by":[165,184],"TND.":[167],"Second,":[168],"we":[169],"discuss":[170],"(separately":[178],"SARS-CoV-2":[180],"test-positives":[181],"test-negatives)":[183],"asking":[185],"accompanying":[186],"facilities":[191],"become":[193],"controls.":[194,219],"Those":[195],"give":[198,212],"a":[199],"contrast":[200],"patients":[203],"general":[209],"population.":[210],"suggestions":[213],"population":[218],"Such":[220],"distinguish":[222],"exposures":[224,237],"infections,":[235],"just":[243,246],"or":[245],"Incorporating":[251],"into":[255],"on-going":[256],"efforts":[258],"useful":[260,268],"itself,":[262],"but":[263],"would":[265],"more":[267],"addition":[271],"designs.":[276]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-17T09:40:24.721904","created_date":"2020-04-17T00:00:00"}