{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3015774841","doi":"https://doi.org/10.34133/2020/4152816","title":"Convolutional Neural Networks for Image-Based High-Throughput Plant Phenotyping: A Review","display_name":"Convolutional Neural Networks for Image-Based High-Throughput Plant Phenotyping: A Review","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3015774841","doi":"https://doi.org/10.34133/2020/4152816","mag":"3015774841","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33313554"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.34133/2020/4152816","doi":"https://doi.org/10.34133/2020/4152816","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.34133/2020/4152816","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210217755","display_name":"Plant Phenomics","issn_l":"2097-0374","issn":["2097-0374","2643-6515"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315823","host_organization_name":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315823"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Association for the Advancement of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Plant Phenomics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.34133/2020/4152816","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100624243","display_name":"Yu Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4495-3033","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4495-3033"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165733156","display_name":"University of Georgia","ror":"https://ror.org/00te3t702","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165733156"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4392738320","display_name":"Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station","ror":"https://ror.org/012qsrr25","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295","https://openalex.org/I4392738320"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Horticulture Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell AgriTech, Cornell University, USA","Phenomics and Plant Robotics Center, The University of Georgia, USA","School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, The University of Georgia, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4495-3033","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Horticulture Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell AgriTech, Cornell University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295","https://openalex.org/I4392738320"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Phenomics and Plant Robotics Center, The University of Georgia, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165733156"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, The University of Georgia, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165733156"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007872497","display_name":"Changying Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2590-4797","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2590-4797"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165733156","display_name":"University of Georgia","ror":"https://ror.org/00te3t702","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165733156"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Changying Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Phenomics and Plant Robotics Center, The University of Georgia, USA","School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, The University of Georgia, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Phenomics and Plant Robotics Center, The University of Georgia, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165733156"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, The University of Georgia, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165733156"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3000,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3000},"apc_paid":{"value":3000,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3000},"fwci":26.2923,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":382,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99843639,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"2020","issue":null,"first_page":"4152816","last_page":"4152816"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.9872999787330627,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.9872999787330627,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.008299999870359898,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14365","display_name":"Leaf Properties and Growth Measurement","score":0.00139999995008111,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plant-phenotyping","display_name":"plant phenotyping","score":0.9509999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-networks","display_name":"convolutional neural networks","score":0.9419999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/high-throughput-phenotyping","display_name":"high-throughput phenotyping","score":0.8389999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plant-development","display_name":"plant development","score":0.9350000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-classification","display_name":"image classification","score":0.6650000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"object detection","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"image segmentation","score":0.9240000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plant-imaging","display_name":"plant imaging","score":0.621999979019165}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.8324000835418701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780513914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18210350","display_name":"Bottleneck","level":2,"score":0.727065920829773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6840921640396118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98108635","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6497275","display_name":"Phenomics","level":5,"score":0.598207414150238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5866780281066895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.5379498600959778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.4537700414657593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4325385093688965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.33643922209739685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.1427766978740692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.09579437971115112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189206191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q222046","display_name":"Genomics","level":4,"score":0.07507073879241943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141231307","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7020","display_name":"Genome","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.34133/2020/4152816","doi":"https://doi.org/10.34133/2020/4152816","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.34133/2020/4152816","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210217755","display_name":"Plant Phenomics","issn_l":"2097-0374","issn":["2097-0374","2643-6515"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315823","host_organization_name":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315823"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Association for the Advancement of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Plant Phenomics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33313554","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33313554","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Plant phenomics (Washington, D.C.)","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7706326","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7706326","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Plant Phenomics","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:7da977c8e2df44729ad613b3901b3296","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/7da977c8e2df44729ad613b3901b3296","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Plant Phenomics, Vol 2020 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.34133/2020/4152816","doi":"https://doi.org/10.34133/2020/4152816","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.34133/2020/4152816","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210217755","display_name":"Plant Phenomics","issn_l":"2097-0374","issn":["2097-0374","2643-6515"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315823","host_organization_name":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315823"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Association for the Advancement of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Plant Phenomics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Zero hunger","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":0.9208999872207642}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Zero hunger","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":0.699999988079071}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":145,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W613766092","https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W809122546","https://openalex.org/W1483870316","https://openalex.org/W1487583988","https://openalex.org/W1507506748","https://openalex.org/W1536680647","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1995494326","https://openalex.org/W2013414890","https://openalex.org/W2067877300","https://openalex.org/W2077521380","https://openalex.org/W2086330580","https://openalex.org/W2097117768","https://openalex.org/W2102605133","https://openalex.org/W2120202249","https://openalex.org/W2123699526","https://openalex.org/W2154579312","https://openalex.org/W2157150618","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2193145675","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2264784471","https://openalex.org/W2395611524","https://openalex.org/W2412782625","https://openalex.org/W2473156356","https://openalex.org/W2501369945","https://openalex.org/W2543665758","https://openalex.org/W2553303224","https://openalex.org/W2555576940","https://openalex.org/W2611227133","https://openalex.org/W2622826443","https://openalex.org/W2657631929","https://openalex.org/W2730129132","https://openalex.org/W2731165298","https://openalex.org/W2733343268","https://openalex.org/W2734511492","https://openalex.org/W2743464688","https://openalex.org/W2747291751","https://openalex.org/W2752055492","https://openalex.org/W2752272426","https://openalex.org/W2753403518","https://openalex.org/W2755766995","https://openalex.org/W2763040271","https://openalex.org/W2765889543","https://openalex.org/W2767103329","https://openalex.org/W2775047687","https://openalex.org/W2776705292","https://openalex.org/W2789255992","https://openalex.org/W2790875963","https://openalex.org/W2790979755","https://openalex.org/W2794915299","https://openalex.org/W2795820839","https://openalex.org/W2799437918","https://openalex.org/W2799759580","https://openalex.org/W2801463633","https://openalex.org/W2802344721","https://openalex.org/W2804860796","https://openalex.org/W2805267014","https://openalex.org/W2805916667","https://openalex.org/W2808709127","https://openalex.org/W2809489825","https://openalex.org/W2810304404","https://openalex.org/W2853045164","https://openalex.org/W2869138134","https://openalex.org/W2884367402","https://openalex.org/W2884561390","https://openalex.org/W2884588043","https://openalex.org/W2886319627","https://openalex.org/W2886555888","https://openalex.org/W2887902433","https://openalex.org/W2890516925","https://openalex.org/W2892466808","https://openalex.org/W2892804940","https://openalex.org/W2893475479","https://openalex.org/W2893717356","https://openalex.org/W2894073338","https://openalex.org/W2896107488","https://openalex.org/W2898675454","https://openalex.org/W2899128648","https://openalex.org/W2899287754","https://openalex.org/W2900635203","https://openalex.org/W2901871634","https://openalex.org/W2906295920","https://openalex.org/W2913198888","https://openalex.org/W2916763358","https://openalex.org/W2917901091","https://openalex.org/W2919909397","https://openalex.org/W2922128523","https://openalex.org/W2922623026","https://openalex.org/W2923883634","https://openalex.org/W2925510773","https://openalex.org/W2939921620","https://openalex.org/W2940118123","https://openalex.org/W2940447366","https://openalex.org/W2942614140","https://openalex.org/W2943195349","https://openalex.org/W2944419408","https://openalex.org/W2945051190","https://openalex.org/W2946232239","https://openalex.org/W2947105837","https://openalex.org/W2949311346","https://openalex.org/W2952651429","https://openalex.org/W2953328922","https://openalex.org/W2953473428","https://openalex.org/W2953907326","https://openalex.org/W2963150697","https://openalex.org/W2963351448","https://openalex.org/W2963446712","https://openalex.org/W2966593772","https://openalex.org/W2967849452","https://openalex.org/W2967956111","https://openalex.org/W2968032715","https://openalex.org/W2968251567","https://openalex.org/W2968476430","https://openalex.org/W2968688706","https://openalex.org/W2968851387","https://openalex.org/W2969933026","https://openalex.org/W2971281060","https://openalex.org/W2974503353","https://openalex.org/W2975190899","https://openalex.org/W2976947428","https://openalex.org/W2981731882","https://openalex.org/W2983825101","https://openalex.org/W2985835333","https://openalex.org/W2988952749","https://openalex.org/W2990640894","https://openalex.org/W2991423016","https://openalex.org/W2993118460","https://openalex.org/W2994751959","https://openalex.org/W2995051770","https://openalex.org/W2996480162","https://openalex.org/W2998587218","https://openalex.org/W2999363320","https://openalex.org/W3002497963","https://openalex.org/W3003433397","https://openalex.org/W3004155203","https://openalex.org/W3006075684","https://openalex.org/W3044420468","https://openalex.org/W3106250896","https://openalex.org/W4213129044","https://openalex.org/W4256282399","https://openalex.org/W6631782140","https://openalex.org/W6735463952"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4249881829","https://openalex.org/W2953048636","https://openalex.org/W2135248929","https://openalex.org/W2092690310","https://openalex.org/W1493624592","https://openalex.org/W3190662310","https://openalex.org/W1507878993","https://openalex.org/W2798440551","https://openalex.org/W2794767707","https://openalex.org/W2888459714"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Plant":[0],"phenotyping":[1,93,138,156],"has":[2,54],"been":[3],"recognized":[4],"as":[5],"a":[6,78],"bottleneck":[7],"for":[8,33,104,136,145,154],"improving":[9],"the":[10,23,82,98,117,149],"efficiency":[11],"of":[12,50,72,81,100,151],"breeding":[13],"programs,":[14],"understanding":[15],"plant-environment":[16],"interactions,":[17],"and":[18,68,110,129],"managing":[19],"agricultural":[20],"systems.":[21],"In":[22],"past":[24],"five":[25],"years,":[26],"imaging":[27,125],"approaches":[28],"have":[29],"shown":[30],"great":[31],"potential":[32],"high-throughput":[34],"plant":[35,44,92,105,108,155],"phenotyping,":[36],"resulting":[37,123],"in":[38,91,148],"more":[39],"attention":[40],"paid":[41],"to":[42,57,76],"imaging-based":[43],"phenotyping.":[45],"With":[46],"this":[47,73],"increased":[48],"amount":[49],"image":[51,130],"data,":[52],"it":[53],"become":[55],"urgent":[56],"develop":[58],"robust":[59],"analytical":[60],"tools":[61],"that":[62],"can":[63],"extract":[64],"phenotypic":[65],"traits":[66],"accurately":[67],"rapidly.":[69],"The":[70],"goal":[71],"review":[74,97],"is":[75],"provide":[77,142],"comprehensive":[79],"overview":[80],"latest":[83],"studies":[84,118],"using":[85],"deep":[86],"convolutional":[87],"neural":[88],"networks":[89],"(CNNs)":[90],"applications.":[94,139],"We":[95,114],"specifically":[96],"use":[99,150],"various":[101],"CNN":[102,152],"architecture":[103,153],"stress":[106],"evaluation,":[107],"development,":[109],"postharvest":[111],"quality":[112],"assessment.":[113],"systematically":[115],"organize":[116],"based":[119],"on":[120],"technical":[121],"developments":[122],"from":[124],"classification,":[126],"object":[127],"detection,":[128],"segmentation,":[131],"thereby":[132],"identifying":[133],"state-of-the-art":[134],"solutions":[135],"certain":[137],"Finally,":[140],"we":[141],"several":[143],"directions":[144],"future":[146],"research":[147],"purposes.":[157]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":51},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":75},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":73},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":61},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":60},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":42},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":20}],"updated_date":"2026-10-22T18:32:59.640997","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
