{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3015366503","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1921211117","title":"Human decisions about when to act originate within a basal forebrain\u2013nigral circuit","display_name":"Human decisions about when to act originate within a basal forebrain\u2013nigral circuit","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-05-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3015366503","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1921211117","mag":"3015366503","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32385157","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7260969"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1073/pnas.1921211117","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1921211117","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1921211117","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S125754415","display_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","issn_l":"0027-8424","issn":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320052","host_organization_name":"National Academy of Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320052"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Academy of Sciences"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","datacite","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1921211117","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025114736","display_name":"Nima Khalighinejad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8515-5789","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8515-5789"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101881","display_name":"Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging","ror":"https://ror.org/0172mzb45","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149","https://openalex.org/I4210101881","https://openalex.org/I87048295"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nima Khalighinejad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SR, United Kingdom;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SR, United Kingdom;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149","https://openalex.org/I4210101881"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007035615","display_name":"Luke Priestley","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9125-7265","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9125-7265"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101881","display_name":"Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging","ror":"https://ror.org/0172mzb45","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149","https://openalex.org/I4210101881","https://openalex.org/I87048295"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luke Priestley","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SR, United Kingdom;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SR, United Kingdom;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149","https://openalex.org/I4210101881"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037943184","display_name":"Sa\u00e2d Jbabdi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3234-5639","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3234-5639"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802742124","display_name":"John Radcliffe Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/0080acb59","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802742124","https://openalex.org/I4210127145","https://openalex.org/I4210147381"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101881","display_name":"Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging","ror":"https://ror.org/0172mzb45","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149","https://openalex.org/I4210101881","https://openalex.org/I87048295"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saad Jbabdi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Centre for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Centre for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802742124","https://openalex.org/I40120149","https://openalex.org/I4210101881"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063461042","display_name":"Matthew F. S. Rushworth","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5578-9884","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5578-9884","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6422-4084"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101881","display_name":"Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging","ror":"https://ror.org/0172mzb45","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149","https://openalex.org/I4210101881","https://openalex.org/I87048295"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthew F. S. Rushworth","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SR, United Kingdom;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SR, United Kingdom;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149","https://openalex.org/I4210101881"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5025114736"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149","https://openalex.org/I4210101881"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6725,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":29,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81877364,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"117","issue":"21","first_page":"11799","last_page":"11810"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10042","display_name":"Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies","score":0.8945000171661377,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10042","display_name":"Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies","score":0.8945000171661377,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10056","display_name":"Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior","score":0.07500000298023224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10982","display_name":"Motor Control and Adaptation","score":0.004699999932199717,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/action-timing","display_name":"action timing","score":0.6209999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/basal-forebrain","display_name":"basal forebrain","score":0.9739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/substantia-nigra","display_name":"substantia nigra","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pedunculopontine-nucleus","display_name":"pedunculopontine nucleus","score":0.9739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/habenula","display_name":"habenula","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/striatum","display_name":"striatum","score":0.8849999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anterior-cingulate-cortex","display_name":"anterior cingulate cortex","score":0.9639999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voluntary-action","display_name":"voluntary action","score":0.6510000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reward-prediction","display_name":"reward prediction","score":0.4690000116825104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/action-initiation","display_name":"action initiation","score":0.6290000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ultra-high-field-mri","display_name":"ultra-high field MRI","score":0.7170000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychophysiological-interaction","display_name":"psychophysiological interaction","score":0.6970000267028809}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.7517457008361816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778187257","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q464210","display_name":"Basal ganglia","level":3,"score":0.7232947945594788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781153452","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3345673","display_name":"Pedunculopontine nucleus","level":5,"score":0.6753489971160889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780938664","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q753278","display_name":"Substantia nigra","level":4,"score":0.6638010740280151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780062018","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1319792","display_name":"Striatum","level":3,"score":0.6410526633262634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776287375","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3407681","display_name":"Basal forebrain","level":3,"score":0.6268318295478821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778402161","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2121931","display_name":"Anterior cingulate cortex","level":3,"score":0.6093809008598328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166109690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4677422","display_name":"Action selection","level":3,"score":0.5587502717971802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4975877106189728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780374578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267641","display_name":"Habenula","level":3,"score":0.4911181628704071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780791683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846785","display_name":"Action (physics)","level":2,"score":0.47222188115119934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781423529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132309","display_name":"Caudate nucleus","level":2,"score":0.44133061170578003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776559556","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18717","display_name":"Orbitofrontal cortex","level":4,"score":0.427407443523407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148132819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5280374","display_name":"Direct pathway of movement","level":4,"score":0.42042577266693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781195155","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18680","display_name":"Prefrontal cortex","level":3,"score":0.2946641445159912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C513476851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170304","display_name":"Dopamine","level":2,"score":0.27485060691833496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779734285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11085","display_name":"Parkinson's disease","level":3,"score":0.21675914525985718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.17555561661720276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.16007962822914124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.127524733543396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529278444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47273","display_name":"Central nervous system","level":2,"score":0.12215805053710938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.1212630569934845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778542668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q618076","display_name":"Deep brain stimulation","level":4,"score":0.10221439599990845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.07077571749687195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137183658","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461076","display_name":"Dopaminergic","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003657","descriptor_name":"Decision Making","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008279","descriptor_name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008959","descriptor_name":"Models, Neurological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009415","descriptor_name":"Nerve Net","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009415","descriptor_name":"Nerve Net","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013378","descriptor_name":"Substantia Nigra","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013378","descriptor_name":"Substantia Nigra","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D066187","descriptor_name":"Basal Forebrain","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D066187","descriptor_name":"Basal Forebrain","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1073/pnas.1921211117","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1921211117","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1921211117","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S125754415","display_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","issn_l":"0027-8424","issn":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320052","host_organization_name":"National Academy of Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320052"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Academy of Sciences"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7260969","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7260969","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:32385157","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32385157","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ora.ox.ac.uk:uuid:2f97a353-95a2-4975-bfa0-093e79882273","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:2f97a353-95a2-4975-bfa0-093e79882273","pdf_url":"https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:2f97a353-95a2-4975-bfa0-093e79882273/files/r02870v941","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402636","display_name":"Oxford University Research Archive (ORA) (University of Oxford)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","host_organization_name":"University of Oxford","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Symplectic Elements","raw_type":"Journal article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:zenodo.org:5009377","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://zenodo.org/record/5009377","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"dataset"},{"id":"doi:10.5061/dryad.prr4xgxhv","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.prr4xgxhv","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.prr4xgxhv","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407051161","display_name":"DRYAD","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Dataset"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1073/pnas.1921211117","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1921211117","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1921211117","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S125754415","display_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","issn_l":"0027-8424","issn":["0027-8424","1091-6490"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320052","host_organization_name":"National Academy of Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320052"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["National Academy of Sciences"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1597655748","display_name":"Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging","funder_award_id":"203139/Z/16/Z","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311904","funder_display_name":"Wellcome Trust"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4569506823","display_name":"Imaging the spatial organization of brain connections","funder_award_id":"MR/L009013/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334626","funder_display_name":"Medical Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7289600545","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"WT100973AIA","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311904","funder_display_name":"Wellcome Trust"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7983477093","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"WT101092MA","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311904","funder_display_name":"Wellcome Trust"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311904","display_name":"Wellcome Trust","ror":"https://ror.org/029chgv08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334626","display_name":"Medical Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/03x94j517"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3015366503.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3015366503.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1685150300","https://openalex.org/W1859604497","https://openalex.org/W1983077460","https://openalex.org/W1993417422","https://openalex.org/W2004052234","https://openalex.org/W2013854477","https://openalex.org/W2015447804","https://openalex.org/W2019823314","https://openalex.org/W2026969879","https://openalex.org/W2048779384","https://openalex.org/W2050402223","https://openalex.org/W2065360467","https://openalex.org/W2068465880","https://openalex.org/W2070801122","https://openalex.org/W2075878049","https://openalex.org/W2083227438","https://openalex.org/W2086028445","https://openalex.org/W2090500269","https://openalex.org/W2105294045","https://openalex.org/W2106108170","https://openalex.org/W2121044470","https://openalex.org/W2126955565","https://openalex.org/W2140713996","https://openalex.org/W2148191429","https://openalex.org/W2192398275","https://openalex.org/W2203267307","https://openalex.org/W2293847345","https://openalex.org/W2307170352","https://openalex.org/W2339071900","https://openalex.org/W2466948651","https://openalex.org/W2505254434","https://openalex.org/W2588278731","https://openalex.org/W2604970372","https://openalex.org/W2614150835","https://openalex.org/W2726996696","https://openalex.org/W2750940802","https://openalex.org/W2785323625","https://openalex.org/W2799652277","https://openalex.org/W2884590067","https://openalex.org/W2888412729","https://openalex.org/W2906030414","https://openalex.org/W2924115248","https://openalex.org/W2941990073","https://openalex.org/W2951164981","https://openalex.org/W2981615366","https://openalex.org/W6702792799"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2981615366","https://openalex.org/W2117402031","https://openalex.org/W2032610016","https://openalex.org/W4411686351","https://openalex.org/W4211147407","https://openalex.org/W2995377174","https://openalex.org/W2042907834","https://openalex.org/W2892578686","https://openalex.org/W4416758990","https://openalex.org/W6999302772"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Decisions":[0],"about":[1,172],"when":[2,48,68,173],"to":[3,46,107,174,187],"act":[4,175],"are":[5],"critical":[6],"for":[7,81],"survival":[8],"in":[9,12,33,65,105,136,146,161,180,193],"humans":[10,69],"as":[11],"animals,":[13],"but":[14],"how":[15],"a":[16,42,59,115,159],"desire":[17],"is":[18,26,35,52,191],"translated":[19],"into":[20],"the":[21,63,77,83,86,92,142,170,194],"decision":[22,171],"that":[23,41,104,167,197],"an":[24,55],"action":[25,56,137,198],"worth":[27,53],"taking":[28,54],"at":[29],"any":[30],"particular":[31],"point":[32],"time":[34],"incompletely":[36],"understood.":[37],"Here":[38],"we":[39],"show":[40],"simple":[43],"model":[44,74,160],"developed":[45],"explain":[47],"animals":[49],"decide":[50],"it":[51],"also":[57],"explains":[58],"significant":[60],"portion":[61],"of":[62,85,94,117,141],"variance":[64],"timing":[66,84],"observed":[67],"take":[70],"voluntary":[71],"actions.":[72,96],"The":[73],"focuses":[75],"on":[76],"current":[78],"environment's":[79],"potential":[80],"reward,":[82],"individual's":[87],"own":[88],"recent":[89],"actions,":[90],"and":[91,130,154,176,184],"outcomes":[93],"those":[95],"We":[97],"show,":[98],"by":[99],"using":[100],"ultrahigh-field":[101],"MRI":[102],"scanning,":[103],"addition":[106],"anterior":[108],"cingulate":[109],"cortex":[110],"within":[111],"medial":[112],"frontal":[113],"cortex,":[114],"group":[116],"subcortical":[118],"structures":[119],"including":[120],"striatum,":[121],"substantia":[122],"nigra,":[123],"basal":[124],"forebrain":[125],"(BF),":[126],"pedunculopontine":[127],"nucleus":[128],"(PPN),":[129],"habenula":[131],"(HB)":[132],"encode":[133],"trial-by-trial":[134],"variation":[135],"time.":[138],"Further":[139],"analysis":[140,153],"activity":[143],"patterns":[144],"found":[145],"each":[147],"area":[148],"together":[149],"with":[150,182],"psychophysiological":[151],"interaction":[152],"structural":[155],"equation":[156],"modeling":[157],"suggested":[158],"which":[162],"BF":[163],"integrates":[164],"contextual":[165],"information":[166],"will":[168],"influence":[169],"communicates":[177],"this":[178],"information,":[179],"parallel":[181],"PPN":[183],"HB":[185],"influences,":[186],"nigrostriatal":[188,195],"circuits.":[189],"It":[190],"then":[192],"circuit":[196],"initiation":[199],"per":[200],"se":[201],"begins.":[202]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2020-04-17T00:00:00"}