{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3015189332","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/qce49297.2020.00041","title":"Classical Optimizers for Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum Devices","display_name":"Classical Optimizers for Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum Devices","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3015189332","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/qce49297.2020.00041","mag":"3015189332"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/qce49297.2020.00041","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/qce49297.2020.00041","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/qce49297.2020.00041","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608326","display_name":"IEEE International Conference on Quantum Computing and Engineering (QCE)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 IEEE International Conference on Quantum Computing and Engineering (QCE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2004.03004","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054759959","display_name":"Wim Lavrijsen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3490-904X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3490-904X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148283060","display_name":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/02jbv0t02","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I148283060","https://openalex.org/I39565521"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wim Lavrijsen","raw_affiliation_strings":["LBNL, Berkeley, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LBNL, Berkeley, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148283060"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018495200","display_name":"Ana Tudor","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9657-8330","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9657-8330"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ana Tudor","raw_affiliation_strings":["UC Berkeley, Berkeley, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UC Berkeley, Berkeley, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113895980","display_name":"Juliane M\u00fcller","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148283060","display_name":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/02jbv0t02","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I148283060","https://openalex.org/I39565521"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juliane Muller","raw_affiliation_strings":["LBNL, Berkeley, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LBNL, Berkeley, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148283060"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023233400","display_name":"Costin Iancu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7845-2427","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7845-2427"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148283060","display_name":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/02jbv0t02","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I148283060","https://openalex.org/I39565521"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Costin Iancu","raw_affiliation_strings":["LBNL, Berkeley, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LBNL, Berkeley, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148283060"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034688782","display_name":"Wibe Albert de Jong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7114-8315","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7114-8315"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148283060","display_name":"Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/02jbv0t02","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I148283060","https://openalex.org/I39565521"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wibe de Jong","raw_affiliation_strings":["LBNL, Berkeley, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LBNL, Berkeley, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148283060"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.4918,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":129,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96877732,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"267","last_page":"277"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10100","display_name":"Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10963","display_name":"Advanced Optimization Algorithms Research","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2612","display_name":"Numerical Analysis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nisq-devices","display_name":"NISQ devices","score":0.8659999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variational-quantum-eigensolver","display_name":"variational quantum eigensolver","score":0.9539999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-approximate-optimization-algorithm","display_name":"quantum approximate optimization algorithm","score":0.9610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/derivative-free-optimization","display_name":"derivative-free optimization","score":0.8960000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/black-box-optimization","display_name":"black-box optimization","score":0.6779999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-noise","display_name":"quantum noise","score":0.8240000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise-injection","display_name":"noise injection","score":0.4339999854564667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hybrid-quantum-classical-algorithms","display_name":"hybrid quantum-classical algorithms","score":0.8399999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperparameter-optimization","display_name":"hyperparameter optimization","score":0.640999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-circuit-simulation","display_name":"quantum circuit simulation","score":0.47699999809265137}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7260668873786926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124148022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2122210","display_name":"Quantum circuit","level":5,"score":0.5858466625213623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.5475524067878723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58053490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176555","display_name":"Quantum computer","level":3,"score":0.5384616255760193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.5219635367393494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8642999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4171168","display_name":"Hyperparameter","level":2,"score":0.501518726348877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94966114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29256","display_name":"Black box","level":2,"score":0.46327635645866394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.42761123180389404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137019171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2623817","display_name":"Quantum algorithm","level":3,"score":0.4223019778728485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63540848","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3140932","display_name":"Fault tolerance","level":2,"score":0.4212718605995178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3964138329029083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.344625860452652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.24180975556373596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51003876","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1536431","display_name":"Quantum error correction","level":4,"score":0.1838403046131134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.08344778418540955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.07176673412322998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/qce49297.2020.00041","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/qce49297.2020.00041","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/qce49297.2020.00041","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608326","display_name":"IEEE International Conference on Quantum Computing and Engineering (QCE)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 IEEE International Conference on Quantum Computing and Engineering (QCE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2004.03004","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2004.03004","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2004.03004","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:osti.gov:1615327","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1615327","pdf_url":"https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1615327","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402487","display_name":"OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I139351228","host_organization_name":"Office of Scientific and Technical Information","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139351228"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:escholarship.org/ark:/13030/qt9022q1tm","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9022q1tm","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400115","display_name":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801248553","host_organization_name":"California Digital Library","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801248553"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt9022q1tm","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9022q1tm","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400115","display_name":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801248553","host_organization_name":"California Digital Library","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801248553"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON QUANTUM COMPUTING AND ENGINEERING (QCE20), vol 00","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2004.03004","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2004.03004","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2004.03004","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2004.03004","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2004.03004","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2004.03004","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3083819904","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"05CH11231","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4020050252","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE-5AC02-05CH11231","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/01bj3aw27"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337506","display_name":"Advanced Scientific Computing Research","ror":"https://ror.org/0012c7r22"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3015189332.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3015189332.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1451881698","https://openalex.org/W1568345435","https://openalex.org/W1998855065","https://openalex.org/W2013596835","https://openalex.org/W2024948279","https://openalex.org/W2092070658","https://openalex.org/W2094132822","https://openalex.org/W2094268929","https://openalex.org/W2155382668","https://openalex.org/W2160960847","https://openalex.org/W2169369819","https://openalex.org/W2179731956","https://openalex.org/W2186356962","https://openalex.org/W2257937122","https://openalex.org/W2268604949","https://openalex.org/W2289080865","https://openalex.org/W2558921197","https://openalex.org/W2562526363","https://openalex.org/W2566002283","https://openalex.org/W2755255888","https://openalex.org/W2766417943","https://openalex.org/W2784059933","https://openalex.org/W2795539973","https://openalex.org/W2889126882","https://openalex.org/W2889510677","https://openalex.org/W2903058119","https://openalex.org/W2922368061","https://openalex.org/W2947849003","https://openalex.org/W2962767882","https://openalex.org/W2974883009","https://openalex.org/W3029645440","https://openalex.org/W3103872322","https://openalex.org/W3131312709","https://openalex.org/W4242275969","https://openalex.org/W4251968008","https://openalex.org/W4301014524","https://openalex.org/W4324106947","https://openalex.org/W6757742500","https://openalex.org/W6912284476"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3170385733","https://openalex.org/W4404109502","https://openalex.org/W4313067851","https://openalex.org/W4416190690","https://openalex.org/W7037806418","https://openalex.org/W4221140072","https://openalex.org/W4415280715","https://openalex.org/W3086576671","https://openalex.org/W3217196645","https://openalex.org/W4400560454"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,49,115],"present":[1],"a":[2,17,59,65,69,131],"collection":[3],"of":[4,19,55,99,121],"optimizers":[5,57,119,149],"tuned":[6,148],"for":[7,40,166],"usage":[8],"on":[9,77,87,140,157],"Noisy":[10],"Intermediate-Scale":[11],"Quantum":[12,27,31],"(NISQ)":[13],"devices.":[14],"Optimizers":[15],"have":[16],"range":[18],"applications":[20],"in":[21,45,58,96],"quantum":[22,79,90,100,132],"computing,":[23],"including":[24],"the":[25,51,74,78,89,97,102],"Variational":[26],"Eigensolver":[28],"(VQE)":[29],"and":[30,53,127,160],"Approximate":[32],"Optimization":[33],"(QAOA)":[34],"algorithms.":[35],"They":[36],"are":[37,150],"also":[38],"used":[39],"calibration":[41],"tasks,":[42],"hyperparameter":[43],"tuning,":[44],"machine":[46],"learning,":[47],"etc.":[48],"analyze":[50],"efficiency":[52],"effectiveness":[54],"different":[56],"VQE":[60,63,91],"case":[61],"study.":[62],"is":[64],"hybrid":[66],"algorithm,":[67],"with":[68,136],"classical":[70,103],"minimizer":[71,104],"step":[72,105],"driving":[73],"next":[75],"evaluation":[76],"processor.":[80],"While":[81],"most":[82],"results":[83,144,156],"to":[84,107,111,152],"date":[85],"concentrated":[86],"tuning":[88],"circuit,":[92],"we":[93],"show":[94],"that,":[95],"presence":[98],"noise,":[101],"needs":[106],"be":[108],"carefully":[109],"chosen":[110],"obtain":[112],"correct":[113],"results.":[114],"explore":[116],"state-of-the-art":[117],"gradient-free":[118],"capable":[120],"handling":[122],"noisy,":[123],"black-box,":[124],"cost":[125],"functions":[126],"stress-test":[128],"them":[129],"using":[130],"circuit":[133],"simulation":[134],"environment":[135],"noise":[137],"injection":[138],"capabilities":[139],"individual":[141],"gates.":[142],"Our":[143],"indicate":[145],"that":[146],"specifically":[147],"crucial":[151],"obtaining":[153],"valid":[154],"science":[155],"NISQ":[158],"hardware,":[159],"will":[161],"likely":[162],"remain":[163],"necessary":[164],"even":[165],"future":[167],"fault":[168],"tolerant":[169],"circuits.":[170]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2020-04-17T00:00:00"}