{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3014890139","doi":null,"title":"The Atmospheric Impact of Energy and Food Production","display_name":"The Atmospheric Impact of Energy and Food Production","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3014890139","mag":"3014890139"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:deepblue.lib.umich.edu:2027.42/149817","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstreams/6f7719bf-7c38-4fd7-913a-d627fdd4bbcb/download","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400393","display_name":"Deep Blue (University of Michigan)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","host_organization_name":"University of Michigan","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Thesis"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024622174","display_name":"Alexander Gvakharia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1260-4744","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1260-4744"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Alexander Gvakharia","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1260-4744","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5024622174"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11588","display_name":"Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics","score":0.9897000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11588","display_name":"Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics","score":0.9897000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10075","display_name":"Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols","score":0.008799999952316284,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11111","display_name":"Spectroscopy and Laser Applications","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1607","display_name":"Spectroscopy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/greenhouse-gas-emissions","display_name":"greenhouse gas emissions","score":0.824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/methane","display_name":"methane","score":0.5149999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nitrous-oxide","display_name":"nitrous oxide","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ethane","display_name":"ethane","score":0.859000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/black-carbon","display_name":"black carbon","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gas-flaring","display_name":"gas flaring","score":0.8989999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bakken-shale","display_name":"Bakken shale","score":0.9459999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lower-mississippi-river-basin","display_name":"Lower Mississippi River Basin","score":0.9430000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-moisture","display_name":"soil moisture","score":0.6629999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crop-species","display_name":"crop types","score":0.6759999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/airborne-measurements","display_name":"airborne measurements","score":0.3449999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fossil-fuel-extraction","display_name":"fossil fuel extraction","score":0.6359999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agricultural-emissions","display_name":"agricultural emissions","score":0.6449999809265137}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778348673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739302","display_name":"Production (economics)","level":2,"score":0.5418359637260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.485347181558609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.4170440435409546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175605778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3299701","display_name":"Natural resource economics","level":1,"score":0.32435643672943115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.17284080386161804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.15900227427482605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:deepblue.lib.umich.edu:2027.42/149817","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstreams/6f7719bf-7c38-4fd7-913a-d627fdd4bbcb/download","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400393","display_name":"Deep Blue (University of Michigan)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","host_organization_name":"University of Michigan","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Thesis"},{"id":"mag:3014890139","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/149817/1/agvak_1.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Climate action","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":152,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W81201723","https://openalex.org/W90517685","https://openalex.org/W221698503","https://openalex.org/W597627857","https://openalex.org/W1562868386","https://openalex.org/W1625164350","https://openalex.org/W1640069878","https://openalex.org/W1647900935","https://openalex.org/W1649724963","https://openalex.org/W1817410551","https://openalex.org/W1896105787","https://openalex.org/W1900815526","https://openalex.org/W1921373797","https://openalex.org/W1925671998","https://openalex.org/W1965923187","https://openalex.org/W1969717743","https://openalex.org/W1972660755","https://openalex.org/W1973852835","https://openalex.org/W1984288755","https://openalex.org/W1985176153","https://openalex.org/W1985209146","https://openalex.org/W1985211247","https://openalex.org/W1986829915","https://openalex.org/W1986973201","https://openalex.org/W1988763628","https://openalex.org/W1991167885","https://openalex.org/W1991391147","https://openalex.org/W1991873945","https://openalex.org/W1992059260","https://openalex.org/W1999296078","https://openalex.org/W2005316112","https://openalex.org/W2005430435","https://openalex.org/W2009214843","https://openalex.org/W2010989045","https://openalex.org/W2012586929","https://openalex.org/W2013309681","https://openalex.org/W2013480950","https://openalex.org/W2017687172","https://openalex.org/W2018546748","https://openalex.org/W2019627130","https://openalex.org/W2020023668","https://openalex.org/W2023355374","https://openalex.org/W2023404639","https://openalex.org/W2023409911","https://openalex.org/W2024791433","https://openalex.org/W2025321937","https://openalex.org/W2028999185","https://openalex.org/W2030467995","https://openalex.org/W2032398531","https://openalex.org/W2032534095","https://openalex.org/W2032898562","https://openalex.org/W2033501277","https://openalex.org/W2034887637","https://openalex.org/W2037116307","https://openalex.org/W2037561382","https://openalex.org/W2039202882","https://openalex.org/W2039369296","https://openalex.org/W2040359857","https://openalex.org/W2043042100","https://openalex.org/W2044927867","https://openalex.org/W2047794315","https://openalex.org/W2049746072","https://openalex.org/W2049959037","https://openalex.org/W2051833014","https://openalex.org/W2051948995","https://openalex.org/W2055011464","https://openalex.org/W2055943900","https://openalex.org/W2061570665","https://openalex.org/W2068374599","https://openalex.org/W2071148466","https://openalex.org/W2075225653","https://openalex.org/W2075640383","https://openalex.org/W2077856235","https://openalex.org/W2078771477","https://openalex.org/W2083174182","https://openalex.org/W2086522050","https://openalex.org/W2093955255","https://openalex.org/W2096174294","https://openalex.org/W2099496998","https://openalex.org/W2100222675","https://openalex.org/W2102235270","https://openalex.org/W2102532664","https://openalex.org/W2103747864","https://openalex.org/W2108616808","https://openalex.org/W2111806183","https://openalex.org/W2112403138","https://openalex.org/W2113507655","https://openalex.org/W2116417968","https://openalex.org/W2116625049","https://openalex.org/W2116986338","https://openalex.org/W2126902408","https://openalex.org/W2128612888","https://openalex.org/W2130709720","https://openalex.org/W2132041750","https://openalex.org/W2132335480","https://openalex.org/W2133151341","https://openalex.org/W2137881932","https://openalex.org/W2138051081","https://openalex.org/W2141734152","https://openalex.org/W2143085858","https://openalex.org/W2147053476","https://openalex.org/W2149362589","https://openalex.org/W2149971561","https://openalex.org/W2153796351","https://openalex.org/W2154259935","https://openalex.org/W2154610441","https://openalex.org/W2158765373","https://openalex.org/W2161929247","https://openalex.org/W2164990341","https://openalex.org/W2171679601","https://openalex.org/W2171894589","https://openalex.org/W2171968446","https://openalex.org/W2195583399","https://openalex.org/W2197807743","https://openalex.org/W2207299642","https://openalex.org/W2275714991","https://openalex.org/W2307397754","https://openalex.org/W2325510615","https://openalex.org/W2327160890","https://openalex.org/W2340906207","https://openalex.org/W2345118192","https://openalex.org/W2371935587","https://openalex.org/W2402690890","https://openalex.org/W2410939369","https://openalex.org/W2427928079","https://openalex.org/W2432489147","https://openalex.org/W2484789969","https://openalex.org/W2499461527","https://openalex.org/W2499877350","https://openalex.org/W2510671335","https://openalex.org/W2515566083","https://openalex.org/W2524578103","https://openalex.org/W2547031880","https://openalex.org/W2588486698","https://openalex.org/W2605478487","https://openalex.org/W2605885815","https://openalex.org/W2625424880","https://openalex.org/W2735064053","https://openalex.org/W2750588428","https://openalex.org/W2766780558","https://openalex.org/W2766966358","https://openalex.org/W2768960897","https://openalex.org/W2769069123","https://openalex.org/W2781276307","https://openalex.org/W2795577559","https://openalex.org/W2805117138","https://openalex.org/W2904255904","https://openalex.org/W2909115164","https://openalex.org/W2915027405","https://openalex.org/W2951875216","https://openalex.org/W2965147537","https://openalex.org/W3043509850"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3046103518","https://openalex.org/W7122857039","https://openalex.org/W2606487782","https://openalex.org/W4392657901","https://openalex.org/W3171312608","https://openalex.org/W4253176389","https://openalex.org/W2080965694","https://openalex.org/W6969446160","https://openalex.org/W2149385584","https://openalex.org/W7098316618"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Fossil":[0],"fuel":[1],"extraction":[2],"and":[3,12,22,36,44,65,70,85,103,122,146,174,188,199,228,246,255,284,330,347,404,410,417],"modern":[4],"industrial":[5],"agricultural":[6,253],"practices":[7],"both":[8],"emit":[9],"greenhouse":[10,83,402],"gases":[11,84,403],"pollutants,":[13],"including":[14],"methane":[15],"(CH4),":[16],"nitrous":[17],"oxide":[18],"(N2O),":[19],"ethane":[20],"(C2H6),":[21],"black":[23],"carbon":[24],"(BC).":[25],"Our":[26],"understanding":[27],"of":[28,45,81,100,110,129,144,190,249,268,282,313,356,395,401],"emissions":[29,39,64,115,143,168,251,281,300,321,377,400],"magnitudes,":[30],"processes":[31],"that":[32,148],"control":[33],"these":[34,42,46],"emissions,":[35],"expected":[37],"future":[38],"behavior":[40,124],"from":[41,57,116,252,271,302,381,411],"sources":[43,382,413],"important":[47],"atmospheric":[48,82],"compounds":[49],"have":[50],"large":[51,288,384],"uncertainty.":[52],"Accurate,":[53],"precise":[54],"measurements":[55,93,397],"made":[56],"aircraft":[58,396],"can":[59],"provide":[60],"essential":[61],"insights":[62],"into":[63],"their":[66],"impact":[67,319],"on":[68,320],"climate":[69],"air":[71],"quality.":[72],"This":[73,136,390],"thesis":[74,391],"presents":[75],"airborne":[76,92,192,238,306,388],"observations":[77],"using":[78,194,304,387],"high-precision":[79],"spectroscopy":[80],"pollutants":[86,405],"to":[87,140,219,374],"quantify":[88],"emissions.":[89,182],"First,":[90],"with":[91,125,180,212,225,242,279,383,415],"we":[94,161,184],"assess":[95],"natural":[96,294],"gas":[97,295],"flaring":[98,142],"efficiency":[99,157],"CH4,":[101,291],"C2H6,":[102],"BC":[104],"in":[105,206,260,290,339],"the":[106,133,186,207,235,261,305,336,367,372,393],"Bakken":[107],"Shale":[108],"region":[109],"North":[111],"Dakota.":[112],"We":[113,297,334],"discover":[114],"flares":[117,131],"exhibit":[118],"a":[119,126,163,213,247,287,310,340],"heavy-tailed":[120],"distribution":[121,138,165],"superemitter":[123],"small":[127],"number":[128],"inefficient":[130],"dominating":[132],"total":[134,141],"source.":[135],"skewed":[137,164],"translates":[139],"CH4":[145,181],"C2H6":[147],"are":[149,169,209,258,344],"2.5":[150],"times":[151],"higher":[152],"than":[153,171],"if":[154],"standard":[155],"flare":[156],"is":[158,176,364],"assumed.":[159],"While":[160],"observe":[162],"for":[166,211,316,366,398],"BC,":[167],"lower":[170],"previous":[172],"estimates":[173],"there":[175],"no":[177],"significant":[178,293],"correlation":[179],"Next,":[183],"describe":[185],"development":[187],"evaluation":[189],"an":[191,195,221],"system":[193,233,245],"N2O,":[196],"CO2,":[197,285],"CO,":[198],"H2O":[200],"laser":[201],"spectrometer.":[202],"Ambient":[203],"pressure-related":[204],"artifacts":[205],"instrument":[208],"corrected":[210],"mass":[214,307],"flow-controlled":[215],"frequent":[216],"calibration":[217],"technique":[218],"achieve":[220],"88%":[222],"duty":[223],"cycle":[224],"high":[226],"precision":[227],"accuracy.":[229],"The":[230,266,318,369],"resultant":[231],"flight":[232],"represents":[234],"current":[236],"state-of-the-art":[237],"N2O":[239,283,299,354,376],"system.":[240],"Finally,":[241],"this":[243,314],"new":[244],"series":[248],"flights,":[250],"activity":[254],"fertilizer":[256,274,326],"production":[257,419],"evaluated":[259],"Lower":[262],"Mississippi":[263],"River":[264],"Basin.":[265],"quantification":[267],"emission":[269],"rates":[270],"two":[272],"productive":[273],"plants":[275],"finds":[276],"good":[277],"agreement":[278],"reported":[280],"but":[286],"underestimation":[289],"suggesting":[292],"leakage.":[296],"calculate":[298],"fluxes":[301],"cropland":[303],"balance":[308],"technique,":[309],"first":[311],"application":[312],"method":[315],"N2O.":[317],"by":[322],"associated":[323,414],"factors\u2014crop":[324],"type,":[325],"application,":[327],"soil":[328,331,345],"moisture,":[329],"temperature\u2014is":[332],"investigated.":[333],"find":[335],"strongest":[337],"predictors":[338],"multiple":[341],"linear":[342],"regression":[343],"moisture":[346],"crop":[348],"type.":[349],"An":[350],"average":[351],"early-growing":[352],"season":[353],"flux":[355],"1.8":[357],"\u00b1":[358],"1.4":[359],"g":[360],"N2O-N":[361],"ha^-1":[362],"hr^-1":[363],"quantified":[365],"region.":[368],"results":[370],"demonstrate":[371],"ability":[373],"evaluate":[375],"at":[378,406],"regional":[379],"scales":[380,409],"environmental":[385],"heterogeneity":[386],"observations.":[389],"highlights":[392],"utility":[394],"investigating":[399],"varying":[407],"spatial":[408],"diverse":[412],"energy":[416],"food":[418],"supply":[420],"chains.":[421]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-11T09:22:31.653822","created_date":"2020-04-10T00:00:00"}
