{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3014381691","doi":null,"title":"Optimisation of Vitamin D Status for Enhanced Immuno-protection Against Covid-19.","display_name":"Optimisation of Vitamin D Status for Enhanced Immuno-protection Against Covid-19.","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-04-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3014381691","mag":"3014381691","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32268051"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:32268051","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32268051","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Irish medical journal","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arrow.tudublin.ie/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1279&context=scschbioart","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039725227","display_name":"Daniel M. A. McCartney","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9215-1778","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9215-1778"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144925","display_name":"Technological University Dublin","ror":"https://ror.org/04t0qbt32","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144925"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D M McCartney","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Biological and Health Sciences, College of Sciences & Health, Technological University Dublin - City Campus, Kevin Street, Dublin D08 NF82, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Biological and Health Sciences, College of Sciences & Health, Technological University Dublin - City Campus, Kevin Street, Dublin D08 NF82, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144925"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071298688","display_name":"Declan Byrne","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1836-4043","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1836-4043"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205274468","display_name":"Trinity College Dublin","ror":"https://ror.org/02tyrky19","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205274468"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210154619","display_name":"St. James's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04c6bry31","country_code":"IE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210154619"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D G Byrne","raw_affiliation_strings":["2. Department of Internal Medicine, St. James's Hospital, James's Street, Dublin 8, Ireland","3. Dept. of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"2. Department of Internal Medicine, St. James's Hospital, James's Street, Dublin 8, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210154619"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"3. Dept. of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205274468"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":24.5939,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":161,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99712054,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"113","issue":"4","first_page":"58","last_page":"58"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10277","display_name":"Vitamin D Research Studies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10277","display_name":"Vitamin D Research Studies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13112","display_name":"Nutrition and Health Studies","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10118","display_name":"SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vitamin-d-deficiency","display_name":"vitamin D deficiency","score":0.906000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vitamin-d-supplementation","display_name":"vitamin D supplementation","score":0.9129999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covid-19","display_name":"COVID-19 pandemic","score":0.9760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immune-protection","display_name":"immunoprotection","score":0.8050000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/25-hydroxyvitamin-d","display_name":"25-hydroxyvitamin D","score":0.9380000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/respiratory-tract-infections","display_name":"respiratory infections","score":0.6380000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/older-adults","display_name":"older adults","score":0.75},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nursing-home-residents","display_name":"nursing home residents","score":0.9810000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cd26","display_name":"CD26","score":0.7329999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interferon-gamma","display_name":"interferon-gamma","score":0.9710000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interleukin-6","display_name":"interleukin-6","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inflammation","display_name":"inflammation","score":0.6470000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vitamin-d-requirements","display_name":"vitamin D requirements","score":0.5979999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vulnerable-populations","display_name":"vulnerable populations","score":0.6259999871253967}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3008058167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84263196","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","level":4,"score":0.9139056205749512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8575060367584229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3006700255","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81068910","display_name":"2019-20 coronavirus outbreak","level":3,"score":0.752185583114624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3007834351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82069695","display_name":"Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)","level":5,"score":0.722916305065155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124490489","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7936963","display_name":"Vitamin D and neurology","level":2,"score":0.5861772894859314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137277","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16532287","display_name":"Betacoronavirus","level":5,"score":0.5455025434494019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909376813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q57751738","display_name":"Coronavirus Infections","level":5,"score":0.4669317603111267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159047783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7215","display_name":"Virology","level":1,"score":0.43055883049964905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.3481939435005188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.2023317515850067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116675565","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3241045","display_name":"Outbreak","level":2,"score":0.1290181279182434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.05868759751319885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524204448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788926","display_name":"Infectious disease (medical specialty)","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000073640","descriptor_name":"Betacoronavirus","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086382","descriptor_name":"COVID-19","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000086402","descriptor_name":"SARS-CoV-2","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007494","descriptor_name":"Ireland","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011024","descriptor_name":"Pneumonia, Viral","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011024","descriptor_name":"Pneumonia, Viral","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011024","descriptor_name":"Pneumonia, Viral","qualifier_ui":"Q000635","qualifier_name":"transmission","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014807","descriptor_name":"Vitamin D","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014815","descriptor_name":"Vitamins","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018352","descriptor_name":"Coronavirus Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018352","descriptor_name":"Coronavirus Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018352","descriptor_name":"Coronavirus Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000635","qualifier_name":"transmission","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D058873","descriptor_name":"Pandemics","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:32268051","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32268051","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Irish medical journal","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arrow.tudublin.ie:scschbioart-1279","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arrow.tudublin.ie/scschbioart/269","pdf_url":"https://arrow.tudublin.ie/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1279&context=scschbioart","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196307","display_name":"Arrow - TU Dublin (Technological University Dublin)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210144925","host_organization_name":"Technological University Dublin","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144925"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Articles","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"mag:3014381691","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://europepmc.org/article/MED/32268051","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S1826027","display_name":"Irish medical journal","issn_l":"0021-129X","issn":["0021-129X","0332-3102"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","medline","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320697","host_organization_name":"Irish Medical Organisation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320697"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Irish Medical Organisation"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Irish medical journal","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arrow.tudublin.ie:scschbioart-1279","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arrow.tudublin.ie/scschbioart/269","pdf_url":"https://arrow.tudublin.ie/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1279&context=scschbioart","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196307","display_name":"Arrow - TU Dublin (Technological University Dublin)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210144925","host_organization_name":"Technological University Dublin","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144925"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Articles","raw_type":"article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3014381691.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3014381691.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1911104948","https://openalex.org/W1990637590","https://openalex.org/W2018866137","https://openalex.org/W2040734947","https://openalex.org/W2090810736","https://openalex.org/W2102960021","https://openalex.org/W2124023137","https://openalex.org/W2126082097","https://openalex.org/W2135815514","https://openalex.org/W2143750753","https://openalex.org/W2150230431","https://openalex.org/W2153059487","https://openalex.org/W2161900364","https://openalex.org/W2529149698","https://openalex.org/W2553590861","https://openalex.org/W2588906490","https://openalex.org/W2605287971","https://openalex.org/W2606163486","https://openalex.org/W2727873179","https://openalex.org/W2754231862","https://openalex.org/W2765383321","https://openalex.org/W2901751456","https://openalex.org/W2913249953","https://openalex.org/W2924008498","https://openalex.org/W2979086839","https://openalex.org/W2999796918","https://openalex.org/W3012088820"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4411467841","https://openalex.org/W3133269082","https://openalex.org/W6946173106","https://openalex.org/W4396927868","https://openalex.org/W3081077136","https://openalex.org/W4224242964","https://openalex.org/W3113322111","https://openalex.org/W3216203558","https://openalex.org/W3033906527","https://openalex.org/W4285117383"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract\\nBackground\\nVitamin":[0],"D":[1,20,46,59,64,81,107,163,226],"deficiency":[2,21,65,164],"(serum":[3],"25(OH)D<50nmol/l)":[4],"is":[5,22,66,165],"common":[6,166],"in":[7,99,152],"Ireland,":[8],"particularly":[9],"amongst":[10],"older":[11,153,182],"adults,":[12,142,154,183],"hospital":[13,184],"inpatients":[14],"and":[15,32,60,88,143,146,161,167,189,207,216,233],"nursing":[16,186],"home":[17,187],"residents.":[18],"Vitamin":[19,45,80],"associated":[23],"with":[24,36,105,130,195,203,222],"increased":[25,171],"risk":[26,55,172],"of":[27,56,62,96,112,173,224],"acute":[28],"viral":[29],"respiratory":[30,57,174],"infection":[31,175],"community":[33],"acquired":[34],"pneumonia,":[35],"several":[37],"molecular":[38],"mechanisms":[39],"proposed":[40],"to":[41,52,68,122,133,138,170,227,231,240],"explain":[42],"this":[43,235],"association.":[44],"supplementation":[47,151],"has":[48,135],"also":[49,83],"been":[50,136],"shown":[51,137],"reduce":[53],"the":[54,241],"infection.\\nVitamin":[58],"Covid-19\\nCorrection":[61],"vitamin":[63,113,225],"thought":[67],"suppress":[69],"CD26,":[70],"a":[71],"putative":[72],"adhesion":[73],"molecule":[74],"for":[75,141],"Covid-19":[76],"host":[77],"cell":[78],"invasion.":[79],"may":[82,168],"attenuate":[84],"interferon":[85],"gamma":[86],"(IFN\u03b3)":[87],"interleukin-6":[89],"(IL-6)":[90],"inflammatory":[91],"responses,":[92],"both":[93],"potent":[94],"predictors":[95],"poorer":[97],"outcome":[98],"critically-ill":[100],"ventilated":[101],"patients":[102],"including":[103,176],"those":[104,194,202,209],"Covid-19.\\nVitamin":[106],"Requirements\\nIrish":[108],"adults":[109],"require":[110],"25-30\u03bcg/d":[111],"D3,":[114],"an":[115],"intake":[116],"not":[117],"achievable":[118],"by":[119],"diet":[120],"alone,":[121],"reliably":[123],"maintain":[124],"serum":[125],"25(OH)D":[126],"levels":[127,158],">50nmol/l.":[128],"Supplementation":[129],"doses":[131],"up":[132],"100\u03bcg/d":[134],"be":[139,219,237],"safe":[140],"many":[144],"agencies":[145],"expert":[147],"groups":[148,192],"now":[149],"advocate":[150],"albeit":[155],"at":[156],"lower":[157],"than":[159],"this.\\nConclusions":[160],"Recommendations\\nVitamin":[162],"contribute":[169],"Covid-19.":[177],"We":[178],"recommend":[179],"that":[180,234],"all":[181],"inpatients,":[185],"residents":[188],"other":[190],"vulnerable":[191],"(e.g.":[193],"diabetes":[196],"mellitus":[197],"or":[198,213],"compromised":[199],"immune":[200],"function,":[201],"darker":[204],"skin,":[205],"vegetarians":[206],"vegans,":[208],"who":[210],"are":[211],"overweight":[212],"obese,":[214],"smokers":[215],"healthcare":[217],"workers)":[218],"urgently":[220],"supplemented":[221],"20-50\u03bcg/d":[223],"enhance":[228],"their":[229],"resistance":[230],"Covid-19,":[232],"advice":[236],"quickly":[238],"extended":[239],"general":[242],"adult":[243],"population.":[244]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":53},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":63},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2020-04-10T00:00:00"}
