{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3014199801","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2473/journalofmmij.136.14","title":"Electrorefining of copper and anode passivation","display_name":"Electrorefining of copper and anode passivation","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-03-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3014199801","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2473/journalofmmij.136.14","mag":"3014199801"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2473/journalofmmij.136.14","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2473/journalofmmij.136.14","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2473/journalofmmij.136.14","pdf_url":"https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/journalofmmij/136/3/136_14/_pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764951345","display_name":"Journal of MMIJ","issn_l":"1881-6118","issn":["1881-6118","1884-0450"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of MMIJ","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/journalofmmij/136/3/136_14/_pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102732691","display_name":"Hideaki Sasaki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2119-0160","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2119-0160"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43545212","display_name":"Ehime University","ror":"https://ror.org/017hkng22","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43545212"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405287318","display_name":"Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/04t6zpd80","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405287318","https://openalex.org/I74801974"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hideaki SASAKI","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Materials Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University","Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Materials Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43545212"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405287318","https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003023490","display_name":"Yuma Ninomiya","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405273853","display_name":"JX Advanced Metals Corporation (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/00kc81z83","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405273853"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405287318","display_name":"Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/04t6zpd80","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405287318","https://openalex.org/I74801974"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuma NINOMIYA","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Materials Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo. Currently at JX Nippon Mining & Metals Corporation","Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Materials Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo. Currently at JX Nippon Mining & Metals Corporation","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405273853","https://openalex.org/I74801974"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405287318","https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074801500","display_name":"Toru H. Okabe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3405-1952","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3405-1952"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405287318","display_name":"Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/04t6zpd80","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405287318","https://openalex.org/I74801974"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Toru H. OKABE","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405287318","https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":150000,"currency":"JPY","value_usd":1130},"apc_paid":{"value":150000,"currency":"JPY","value_usd":1130},"fwci":0.8406,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.67593265,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"136","issue":"3","first_page":"14","last_page":"24"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11091","display_name":"Extraction and Separation Processes","score":0.8935999870300293,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11091","display_name":"Extraction and Separation Processes","score":0.8935999870300293,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11947","display_name":"Molten salt chemistry and electrochemical processes","score":0.042500000447034836,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1507","display_name":"Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11200","display_name":"Electrodeposition and Electroless Coatings","score":0.017000000923871994,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/copper-electrorefining","display_name":"copper electrorefining","score":0.9850000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anodic-passivation","display_name":"anodic passivation","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/current-density","display_name":"current density","score":0.9139999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/current-efficiency","display_name":"current efficiency","score":0.8159999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anode-slime","display_name":"anode slime","score":0.6209999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/e-waste-recycling","display_name":"e-waste recycling","score":0.7009999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/copper-impurities","display_name":"copper impurities","score":0.4740000069141388}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33574316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q917260","display_name":"Passivation","level":3,"score":0.9836735725402832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89395315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181232","display_name":"Anode","level":3,"score":0.9240385293960571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68047255","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11079566","display_name":"Electrowinning","level":4,"score":0.7589879035949707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.6329202651977539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544778455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q753","display_name":"Copper","level":2,"score":0.6275081634521484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68801617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162908","display_name":"Electrolyte","level":3,"score":0.5029744505882263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49110097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175233","display_name":"Cathode","level":2,"score":0.49362313747406006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207740977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q234072","display_name":"Current density","level":2,"score":0.4520535171031952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.42532384395599365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.20751583576202393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17525397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176140","display_name":"Electrode","level":2,"score":0.18371757864952087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779227376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","level":2,"score":0.11117243766784668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.10787492990493774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147789679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11372","display_name":"Physical chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2473/journalofmmij.136.14","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2473/journalofmmij.136.14","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2473/journalofmmij.136.14","pdf_url":"https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/journalofmmij/136/3/136_14/_pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764951345","display_name":"Journal of MMIJ","issn_l":"1881-6118","issn":["1881-6118","1884-0450"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of MMIJ","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:57d842a47d144effb8244f4b3b1c0e89","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/57d842a47d144effb8244f4b3b1c0e89","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of MMIJ, Vol 136, Iss 3, Pp 14-24 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.2473/journalofmmij.136.14","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2473/journalofmmij.136.14","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2473/journalofmmij.136.14","pdf_url":"https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/journalofmmij/136/3/136_14/_pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764951345","display_name":"Journal of MMIJ","issn_l":"1881-6118","issn":["1881-6118","1884-0450"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of MMIJ","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1254227787","display_name":"Development of a new upgrade recycling technology for titanium","funder_award_id":"19H05623","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2457535321","display_name":"Investigation of dissolution characteristics and microstructure control of copper alloy anodes for electrorefining to promote copper recycling","funder_award_id":"19K05110","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/00hhkn466"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3014199801.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3014199801.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":121,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W222182355","https://openalex.org/W222870442","https://openalex.org/W224376060","https://openalex.org/W363028815","https://openalex.org/W407137334","https://openalex.org/W413198418","https://openalex.org/W423913021","https://openalex.org/W1528704425","https://openalex.org/W1964411458","https://openalex.org/W1964840148","https://openalex.org/W1967616924","https://openalex.org/W1967737312","https://openalex.org/W1969055944","https://openalex.org/W1976502699","https://openalex.org/W1978959429","https://openalex.org/W1979581210","https://openalex.org/W1984144528","https://openalex.org/W1986174388","https://openalex.org/W1988272391","https://openalex.org/W1991958549","https://openalex.org/W1994788036","https://openalex.org/W1995062367","https://openalex.org/W2000632496","https://openalex.org/W2008777840","https://openalex.org/W2010734815","https://openalex.org/W2017526210","https://openalex.org/W2019059922","https://openalex.org/W2020401918","https://openalex.org/W2022628801","https://openalex.org/W2027806293","https://openalex.org/W2033733389","https://openalex.org/W2035059175","https://openalex.org/W2037879163","https://openalex.org/W2038139904","https://openalex.org/W2041365559","https://openalex.org/W2042751983","https://openalex.org/W2044286878","https://openalex.org/W2044590534","https://openalex.org/W2047209942","https://openalex.org/W2050233668","https://openalex.org/W2052416770","https://openalex.org/W2057986132","https://openalex.org/W2059750985","https://openalex.org/W2063753109","https://openalex.org/W2066291944","https://openalex.org/W2068533999","https://openalex.org/W2071168129","https://openalex.org/W2072779353","https://openalex.org/W2073107388","https://openalex.org/W2073308009","https://openalex.org/W2078225789","https://openalex.org/W2080048862","https://openalex.org/W2083509564","https://openalex.org/W2083532829","https://openalex.org/W2085969924","https://openalex.org/W2094256665","https://openalex.org/W2094582202","https://openalex.org/W2105456127","https://openalex.org/W2116101077","https://openalex.org/W2129256006","https://openalex.org/W2135916433","https://openalex.org/W2141052242","https://openalex.org/W2161525463","https://openalex.org/W2208059753","https://openalex.org/W2312621548","https://openalex.org/W2314095980","https://openalex.org/W2318557491","https://openalex.org/W2321251624","https://openalex.org/W2321254895","https://openalex.org/W2321722314","https://openalex.org/W2323870549","https://openalex.org/W2323878211","https://openalex.org/W2325257336","https://openalex.org/W2325898970","https://openalex.org/W2326449769","https://openalex.org/W2328679771","https://openalex.org/W2330216926","https://openalex.org/W2330547695","https://openalex.org/W2330874346","https://openalex.org/W2330985830","https://openalex.org/W2331014574","https://openalex.org/W2335621432","https://openalex.org/W2411166081","https://openalex.org/W2472521327","https://openalex.org/W2511070915","https://openalex.org/W2512636991","https://openalex.org/W2575124826","https://openalex.org/W2578690720","https://openalex.org/W2605389882","https://openalex.org/W2605539530","https://openalex.org/W2605639206","https://openalex.org/W2605712197","https://openalex.org/W2605798398","https://openalex.org/W2606006249","https://openalex.org/W2606278232","https://openalex.org/W2606324455","https://openalex.org/W2606389540","https://openalex.org/W2606411913","https://openalex.org/W2606437023","https://openalex.org/W2606451981","https://openalex.org/W2606452305","https://openalex.org/W2606605380","https://openalex.org/W2606665978","https://openalex.org/W2606676358","https://openalex.org/W2606738433","https://openalex.org/W2606842257","https://openalex.org/W2606890693","https://openalex.org/W2606977001","https://openalex.org/W2607214282","https://openalex.org/W2607357346","https://openalex.org/W2607460605","https://openalex.org/W2607482606","https://openalex.org/W2737263843","https://openalex.org/W2979485854","https://openalex.org/W2999900612","https://openalex.org/W4206306353","https://openalex.org/W4231066489","https://openalex.org/W4233094780","https://openalex.org/W4246635799","https://openalex.org/W4249691830","https://openalex.org/W4254706576"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2141052242","https://openalex.org/W1954754379","https://openalex.org/W4404494866","https://openalex.org/W6995766459","https://openalex.org/W2605671558","https://openalex.org/W4249691830","https://openalex.org/W7206314601","https://openalex.org/W2350021680","https://openalex.org/W1970576366","https://openalex.org/W2737263843"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"the":[1,13,20,24,28,32,38,53,63,66,82,85,103,107,109,112,118,128,137,153,183,194],"process":[2,114],"of":[3,5,8,15,23,34,55,65,75,87,111,121,130,156,173,185],"electrorefining":[4,25,113],"copper,":[6],"application":[7],"higher":[9],"current":[10,29,199],"density":[11],"increases":[12],"tendency":[14,86],"anode":[16,40,67,71,83,88,98,157,171],"passivation.The":[17],"passivation":[18,41,49,89,99,158,172,197],"disrupts":[19],"sound":[21],"operation":[22,110],"process,":[26,138],"reducing":[27],"efficiency":[30],"and":[31,132,159,198],"quality":[33],"copper":[35,56,70,149,186],"deposited":[36],"on":[37,81,166,170],"cathode.Therefore,":[39],"should":[42],"be":[43],"avoided":[44],"in":[45,62,136],"industrial":[46],"electrolytic":[47],"cells.Anode":[48],"is":[50,59,125,140,189],"attributed":[51],"to":[52,142,181,192],"precipitation":[54,184],"sulfate,":[57],"which":[58,177],"saturated":[60],"locally":[61],"vicinity":[64],"surface.When":[68],"a":[69,144,164],"contains":[72,93],"high":[73],"concentrations":[74],"insoluble":[76],"impurities":[77],"that":[78,96],"form":[79],"slime":[80],"surface,":[84],"increases.Because":[90],"e-waste":[91],"often":[92],"such":[94],"elements":[95,105],"induce":[97],"as":[100,102],"well":[101],"harmful":[104],"from":[106],"concentrate,":[108],"becomes":[115],"difficult":[116],"when":[117],"feeding":[119],"ratio":[120],"secondary":[122],"materials":[123],"(scraps)":[124],"increased.To":[126],"promote":[127],"recycling":[129],"metals":[131],"reduce":[133],"energy":[134],"consumpution":[135],"it":[139],"essential":[141],"develop":[143],"passivationprevention":[145],"technology":[146],"for":[147],"low-grade":[148],"anodes.This":[150],"article":[151],"outlines":[152],"physicochemical":[154],"basis":[155],"reviews":[160],"earlier":[161],"research":[162,169],"with":[163],"focus":[165],"experimental":[167],"techniques.Past":[168],"pure":[174],"Cu":[175],"anodes,":[176],"was":[178],"carried":[179],"out":[180],"understand":[182],"sulfate":[187],"quantitatively,":[188],"also":[190],"reviewed":[191],"explain":[193],"relationship":[195],"between":[196],"density.":[200]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2020-04-10T00:00:00"}
