{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3014032479","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118x.2020.1713846","title":"Black box measures? How to study people\u2019s algorithm skills","display_name":"Black box measures? How to study people\u2019s algorithm skills","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-03-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3014032479","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118x.2020.1713846","mag":"3014032479"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/1369118x.2020.1713846","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118x.2020.1713846","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118x.2020.1713846","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S70010600","display_name":"Information Communication & Society","issn_l":"1369-118X","issn":["1369-118X","1468-4462"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-3","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319847","host_organization_name":"Routledge","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319847","https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Routledge","Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information, Communication & Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041732716","display_name":"Eszter Hargittai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4199-4868","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4199-4868"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202697423","display_name":"University of Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/02crff812","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Eszter Hargittai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Communication and Media Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4199-4868","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Communication and Media Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jonathan Gruber","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202697423","display_name":"University of Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/02crff812","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jonathan Gruber","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Communication and Media Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Communication and Media Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019348133","display_name":"Teodora Djukaric","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202697423","display_name":"University of Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/02crff812","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Teodora Djukaric","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Communication and Media Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Communication and Media Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033190571","display_name":"Jaelle Fuchs","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9854-1336","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9854-1336"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202697423","display_name":"University of Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/02crff812","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jaelle Fuchs","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Communication and Media Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Communication and Media Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003561462","display_name":"Lisa Brombach","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202697423","display_name":"University of Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/02crff812","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lisa Brombach","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Communication and Media Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Communication and Media Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5041732716"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":20.1033,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":145,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99292737,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"5","first_page":"764","last_page":"775"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.9307000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.9307000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11045","display_name":"Privacy, Security, and Data Protection","score":0.006800000090152025,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":0.006300000008195639,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm-literacy","display_name":"algorithm literacy","score":0.6330000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithmic-transparency","display_name":"algorithmic transparency","score":0.49799999594688416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithmic-accountability","display_name":"algorithmic accountability","score":0.3779999911785126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithmic-decision-making","display_name":"algorithmic decision-making","score":0.4659999907016754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/research-methodology","display_name":"research methodology","score":0.3700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/proprietary-algorithms","display_name":"proprietary algorithms","score":0.6679999828338623}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155911762","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422321","display_name":"Blueprint","level":2,"score":0.7864814400672913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778061430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188823","display_name":"Scholarship","level":2,"score":0.7802636027336121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5471564531326294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777855551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12310021","display_name":"Subject (documents)","level":2,"score":0.5226492881774902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5050716996192932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.4779343903064728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.41700369119644165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779018934","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1129653","display_name":"Everyday life","level":2,"score":0.41660749912261963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.3454676866531372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.21493640542030334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.15674707293510437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.14268916845321655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.11454451084136963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/1369118x.2020.1713846","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118x.2020.1713846","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118x.2020.1713846","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S70010600","display_name":"Information Communication & Society","issn_l":"1369-118X","issn":["1369-118X","1468-4462"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-3","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319847","host_organization_name":"Routledge","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319847","https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Routledge","Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Information, Communication & Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:www.zora.uzh.ch:20.500.14742/174807","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.zora.uzh.ch/handle/20.500.14742/174807","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401281","display_name":"Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I202697423","host_organization_name":"University of Zurich","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Hargittai, E., Gruber, J., Djukaric, T., Fuchs, J., & Brombach, L. (2020). Black box measures? How to study people\u2019s algorithm skills. Information, Communication and Society, 23, 764\u2013775. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2020.1713846","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.5,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1540016313","https://openalex.org/W1791963397","https://openalex.org/W1989549339","https://openalex.org/W2024938173","https://openalex.org/W2048437343","https://openalex.org/W2090907909","https://openalex.org/W2123156394","https://openalex.org/W2143391962","https://openalex.org/W2155912229","https://openalex.org/W2169991719","https://openalex.org/W2332851105","https://openalex.org/W2337934060","https://openalex.org/W2339645179","https://openalex.org/W2405896853","https://openalex.org/W2531898240","https://openalex.org/W2566909055","https://openalex.org/W2589844341","https://openalex.org/W2611145892","https://openalex.org/W2805720864","https://openalex.org/W2887489621","https://openalex.org/W2897702578","https://openalex.org/W2961206526","https://openalex.org/W2974395257","https://openalex.org/W3011179284","https://openalex.org/W3124138615","https://openalex.org/W4253058889"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4402029459","https://openalex.org/W4404186735","https://openalex.org/W6943990415","https://openalex.org/W4382796112","https://openalex.org/W7170817327","https://openalex.org/W3215475614","https://openalex.org/W4365796743","https://openalex.org/W6924977859","https://openalex.org/W2766829152","https://openalex.org/W4393292008"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Considerable":[0],"scholarship":[1,124],"has":[2,22],"established":[3],"that":[4,75],"algorithms":[5,35,78],"are":[6,79],"an":[7],"increasingly":[8],"important":[9],"part":[10,57],"of":[11,45,62,93,130],"what":[12,38],"information":[13],"people":[14],"encounter":[15],"in":[16,56],"everyday":[17],"life.":[18],"Much":[19],"less":[20],"work":[21],"focused":[23],"on":[24,47,89,101],"studying":[25,63,94,107],"users\u2019":[26],"experiences":[27],"with,":[28],"understandings":[29],"of,":[30],"and":[31,41,81,134],"attitudes":[32],"about":[33,66,77,110],"how":[34,139],"may":[36,54],"influence":[37],"they":[39],"see":[40],"do.":[42],"The":[43,118],"dearth":[44],"research":[46],"this":[48],"topic":[49,109],"globally":[50],"with":[51],"diverse":[52],"populations":[53],"be":[55],"due":[58],"to":[59,98,125,140],"the":[60,90,102,113],"difficulty":[61],"a":[64,108,136],"subject":[65],"which":[67,111],"there":[68],"is":[69],"no":[70],"known":[71],"ground":[72],"truth":[73],"given":[74],"details":[76],"proprietary":[80],"rarely":[82],"made":[83],"public.":[84],"This":[85],"paper":[86,119],"explicitly":[87],"takes":[88],"methodological":[91],"challenges":[92],"people\u2019s":[95],"algorithm":[96],"skills":[97],"shed":[99],"light":[100],"special":[103],"considerations":[104],"required":[105],"when":[106],"even":[112],"researchers":[114],"possess":[115],"limited":[116],"know-how.":[117],"advocates":[120],"for":[121,138],"more":[122],"such":[123],"accompany":[126],"existing":[127],"system-level":[128],"analyses":[129],"algorithms\u2019":[131],"social":[132],"implications":[133],"offers":[135],"blueprint":[137],"do":[141],"so.":[142]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":40},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-22T09:42:04.148104","created_date":"2020-04-03T00:00:00"}