{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3013684589","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108637978.020","title":"State Formation in the Sahara and Beyond","display_name":"State Formation in the Sahara and Beyond","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-02-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3013684589","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108637978.020","mag":"3013684589"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1017/9781108637978.020","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108637978.020","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108637978.020","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306462995","display_name":"Cambridge University Press eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Urbanisation and State Formation in the Ancient Sahara and Beyond","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"volume":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4240972525","display_name":"Urbanisation and State Formation in the Ancient Sahara and Beyond"},"type":"book-chapter","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103042445","display_name":"David J. Mattingly","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1862-8392","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1862-8392"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153648349","display_name":"University of Leicester","ror":"https://ror.org/04h699437","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153648349"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David J. Mattingly","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Leicester"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Leicester","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153648349"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042727577","display_name":"Martin J. Sterry","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4863-7735","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4863-7735"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I190082696","display_name":"Durham University","ror":"https://ror.org/01v29qb04","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martin Sterry","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Durham"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Durham","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":25.1269,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99215306,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"695","last_page":"721"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13019","display_name":"African Studies and Geopolitics","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3314","display_name":"Anthropology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13019","display_name":"African Studies and Geopolitics","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3314","display_name":"Anthropology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14395","display_name":"African history and culture studies","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3314","display_name":"Anthropology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13215","display_name":"Global Maritime and Colonial Histories","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state-formation","display_name":"state formation","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urbanization","display_name":"urbanization","score":0.8489999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/saharan-societies","display_name":"Saharan societies","score":0.8769999742507935}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.54173344373703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.44884663820266724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.4035097062587738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.3780888020992279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87355193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q411","display_name":"Astrobiology","level":1,"score":0.3415106534957886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.19277223944664001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0745333731174469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.032652974128723145}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1017/9781108637978.020","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108637978.020","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108637978.020","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306462995","display_name":"Cambridge University Press eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Urbanisation and State Formation in the Ancient Sahara and Beyond","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.5473999977111816}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W73796972","https://openalex.org/W415160167","https://openalex.org/W563648281","https://openalex.org/W583296220","https://openalex.org/W586785940","https://openalex.org/W595755079","https://openalex.org/W615184081","https://openalex.org/W615826704","https://openalex.org/W1016572920","https://openalex.org/W1548258539","https://openalex.org/W1972827948","https://openalex.org/W1996223294","https://openalex.org/W2002778651","https://openalex.org/W2035167639","https://openalex.org/W2067510698","https://openalex.org/W2071778048","https://openalex.org/W2088342807","https://openalex.org/W2110699043","https://openalex.org/W2111273178","https://openalex.org/W2115091408","https://openalex.org/W2171764874","https://openalex.org/W2285545617","https://openalex.org/W2467632797","https://openalex.org/W2575385248","https://openalex.org/W2591632138","https://openalex.org/W2594850871","https://openalex.org/W2596827019","https://openalex.org/W2625312936","https://openalex.org/W2626201266","https://openalex.org/W2626490313","https://openalex.org/W2665929478","https://openalex.org/W2727286015","https://openalex.org/W2796325032","https://openalex.org/W2796364369","https://openalex.org/W2954635062","https://openalex.org/W3217467967","https://openalex.org/W4211023529","https://openalex.org/W4238533595","https://openalex.org/W4242850983","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4300108936","https://openalex.org/W4300666893","https://openalex.org/W4313022011","https://openalex.org/W6825489462"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3013069841","https://openalex.org/W3013249320","https://openalex.org/W4240972525","https://openalex.org/W4287445938","https://openalex.org/W4361734471","https://openalex.org/W4361734506","https://openalex.org/W2088998446","https://openalex.org/W3013252337","https://openalex.org/W2013403409","https://openalex.org/W1500196419"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1,23],"concluding":[2],"chapter":[3],"we":[4,30,51],"focus":[5],"on":[6],"debates":[7],"about":[8,112],"state":[9,45],"formation":[10,46],"and":[11,44,70,73,95,99,115,119,142],"to":[12,18],"what":[13],"extent":[14],"it":[15],"is":[16],"possible":[17],"recognise":[19],"historical":[20],"instances":[21],"of":[22,42,57,65,68,80,82,91,105,117,132,135],"key":[24],"process":[25],"among":[26,77],"Saharan":[27,37,86],"societies.":[28],"Here":[29],"make":[31],"the":[32,48,54,66,89,113,125,133],"case":[33],"for":[34],"a":[35,78,130],"dynamic":[36],"history":[38],"with":[39,88,109,129],"frequent":[40],"episodes":[41],"urbanisation":[43],"in":[47,124],"past.":[49],"However,":[50],"also":[52],"emphasise":[53],"ephemeral":[55],"nature":[56],"these":[58,106],"polities,":[59],"which":[60],"challenges":[61],"more":[62,100],"evolutionary":[63],"models":[64,136],"rise":[67,141],"towns":[69,118],"states.":[71],"Towns":[72],"states":[74,120],"have":[75],"existed":[76],"range":[79],"forms":[81],"organisation":[83],"utilised":[84],"by":[85],"societies,":[87],"balance":[90],"power":[92],"swinging":[93],"back":[94],"forth":[96],"between":[97],"sedentary":[98],"mobile":[101],"lifestyles.":[102],"Our":[103],"exploration":[104],"factors":[107],"commences":[108],"general":[110],"questions":[111],"definitions":[114],"types":[116],"that":[121,137],"are":[122],"detectable":[123],"Trans-Saharan":[126],"world,":[127],"coupled":[128],"discussion":[131],"sorts":[134],"can":[138],"explain":[139],"their":[140],"fall.":[143]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":14}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2020-04-03T00:00:00"}