{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3013370271","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0000310","title":"Structural and optical properties of Cu2ZnSnS4 thin films fabricated by chemical spray pyrolysis","display_name":"Structural and optical properties of Cu2ZnSnS4 thin films fabricated by chemical spray pyrolysis","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3013370271","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0000310","mag":"3013370271"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1063/5.0000310","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0000310","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0000310","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764696622","display_name":"AIP conference proceedings","issn_l":"0094-243X","issn":["0094-243X","1551-7616","1935-0465"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320257","host_organization_name":"American Institute of Physics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320257"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AIP Conference Proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W3013370271"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101552263","display_name":"Sabreen A. Hameed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1696-8705","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1696-8705"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78277041","display_name":"University of Diyala","ror":"https://ror.org/01eb5yv70","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78277041"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sabreen A. Hameed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Diyala, Diyala, Iraq"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Diyala, Diyala, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78277041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030219901","display_name":"Nabeel Ali Bakr","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8819-5847","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8819-5847"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78277041","display_name":"University of Diyala","ror":"https://ror.org/01eb5yv70","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78277041"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nabeel Ali Bakr","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Diyala, Diyala, Iraq"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Diyala, Diyala, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78277041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067762176","display_name":"Abdulsalam M. Hassan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"AbdulSalam M. Hassan","raw_affiliation_strings":["The General Directorate for Education of Diyala, Diyala, Iraq"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The General Directorate for Education of Diyala, Diyala, Iraq","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029054394","display_name":"Ahmed Nsaif Jasim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1509-0689","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1509-0689"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78277041","display_name":"University of Diyala","ror":"https://ror.org/01eb5yv70","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78277041"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed Nsaif Jasim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Diyala, Diyala, Iraq"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Diyala, Diyala, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78277041"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.454,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89038603,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"2213","issue":null,"first_page":"020082","last_page":"020082"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10590","display_name":"Chalcogenide Semiconductor Thin Films","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10590","display_name":"Chalcogenide Semiconductor Thin Films","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10623","display_name":"Thin-Film Transistor Technologies","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11315","display_name":"Phase-change materials and chalcogenides","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cu2znsns4","display_name":"Cu2ZnSnS4","score":0.9789999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/czts-thin-films","display_name":"CZTS thin films","score":0.8140000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spray-pyrolysis","display_name":"spray pyrolysis","score":0.9539999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/absorber-layer","display_name":"absorber layer","score":0.7789999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crystallite-size","display_name":"crystallite size","score":0.8870000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/raman-shift","display_name":"Raman shift","score":0.7799999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-band-gap","display_name":"optical band gap","score":0.921999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/absorption-coefficient","display_name":"absorption coefficient","score":0.8610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-conductivity","display_name":"electrical conductivity","score":0.9639999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solar-cell-absorbers","display_name":"solar cell absorber materials","score":0.6029999852180481}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779728058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q424930","display_name":"CZTS","level":3,"score":0.9132475852966309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40003534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q862228","display_name":"Raman spectroscopy","level":2,"score":0.7843470573425293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137637335","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899604","display_name":"Crystallite","level":2,"score":0.7629537582397461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.7546313405036926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19067145","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1137203","display_name":"Thin film","level":2,"score":0.6791182160377502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113196181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485223","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry (journal)","level":2,"score":0.6628416776657104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32891209","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483666","display_name":"Spectroscopy","level":2,"score":0.5088741779327393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181966813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q806352","display_name":"Band gap","level":2,"score":0.49704793095588684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98015330","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q907315","display_name":"Absorbance","level":2,"score":0.49528613686561584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988664670","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q505668","display_name":"Spray pyrolysis","level":3,"score":0.4681589603424072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780824857","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58803","display_name":"Solar cell","level":2,"score":0.4291578531265259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.2013380229473114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.1877746880054474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.13955000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.13278478384017944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.05134153366088867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1063/5.0000310","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0000310","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0000310","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764696622","display_name":"AIP conference proceedings","issn_l":"0094-243X","issn":["0094-243X","1551-7616","1935-0465"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320257","host_organization_name":"American Institute of Physics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320257"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AIP Conference Proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1963569973","https://openalex.org/W1965519657","https://openalex.org/W1971160662","https://openalex.org/W1977183559","https://openalex.org/W1983250126","https://openalex.org/W1994679815","https://openalex.org/W1999433765","https://openalex.org/W2004718710","https://openalex.org/W2030476757","https://openalex.org/W2040875144","https://openalex.org/W2041274022","https://openalex.org/W2049817292","https://openalex.org/W2052369092","https://openalex.org/W2057724904","https://openalex.org/W2088279415","https://openalex.org/W2093090943","https://openalex.org/W2110703655","https://openalex.org/W2111439604","https://openalex.org/W2146808816","https://openalex.org/W2149321329","https://openalex.org/W2520333077","https://openalex.org/W2560390895","https://openalex.org/W2803440184","https://openalex.org/W2899654322"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2106713890","https://openalex.org/W2018460221","https://openalex.org/W2044954096","https://openalex.org/W2613316385","https://openalex.org/W2952140491","https://openalex.org/W2323079106","https://openalex.org/W4400866378","https://openalex.org/W4288489530","https://openalex.org/W1675635606","https://openalex.org/W2041402232"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Cu2ZnSnS4":[0],"(CZTS)":[1],"absorber":[2],"Layer":[3],"fabricated":[4],"by":[5,35],"using":[6,51,73],"chemical":[7],"spray":[8],"pyrolysis":[9],"method":[10],"as":[11],"a":[12,142],"fast,":[13],"cheap":[14],"and":[15,28,42,61],"vacuum-free.":[16],"The":[17,38,64,107,124,156],"films":[18,47,70,97],"have":[19,48,126],"been":[20,49],"deposited":[21],"on":[22],"preheated":[23],"glass":[24],"substrates":[25],"at":[26,82,104,165],"400\u00b0C":[27],"thickness":[29],"of":[30,45,67,80,93,116,163],"about":[31],"(400":[32],"nm)":[33],"measured":[34],"gravimetric":[36],"method.":[37],"structural,":[39],"morphological,":[40],"optical":[41,122,130],"electrical":[43],"properties":[44],"all":[46],"investigated":[50],"XRD,":[52],"Raman":[53,90],"spectroscopy,":[54],"Atomic":[55],"Force":[56],"Microscope":[57],"(AFM),":[58],"UV-Vis-NIR":[59,108],"spectroscopy":[60],"Hall":[62,157],"measurement.":[63],"crystallite":[65,78],"size":[66,79],"the":[68,76,94,100,114,121,129],"prepared":[69],"was":[71,138],"estimated":[72],"Scherer\u2019s":[74],"formula,":[75],"maximum":[77,161],"(22.44nm)":[81],"concentration":[83,166],"ratio":[84,167],"(Cu/Zn+Sn=1.3M)":[85],"which":[86,171],"related":[87,173],"to":[88,119,174],"CZTSE.":[89],"shift":[91],"measurement":[92,158],"CZTS":[95],"thin":[96,176],"showed":[98],"that":[99,128,160],"main":[101],"peaks":[102],"located":[103],"(330-335":[105],"cm\u22121).":[106],"absorbance":[109],"spectra":[110],"were":[111],"recorded":[112],"in":[113],"region":[115],"(350-900)":[117],"nm":[118],"investigate":[120],"characteristics.":[123],"results":[125],"shown":[127],"energy":[131],"gap":[132],"for":[133,152],"allowed":[134],"direct":[135],"electronic":[136],"transition":[137],"(1.55-2.31)":[139],"eV":[140],"with":[141],"high":[143],"absorption":[144],"coefficient":[145],"(\u03b1":[146],">104":[147],"cm\u22121)":[148],"wich":[149],"is":[150,172],"suitable":[151],"solar":[153],"cell":[154],"applications.":[155],"found":[159],"conductivity":[162],"(3.1017\u03a9.cm)\u22121":[164],"(Cu/Zn+Sn=":[168],"1.1":[169],"M)":[170],"CZTSD":[175],"film.":[177]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2020-04-03T00:00:00"}