{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3012425473","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.astro-ph/9907263","title":"Whipple Observations of BL Lac Objects","display_name":"Whipple Observations of BL Lac Objects","publication_year":1999,"publication_date":"1999-07-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3012425473","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.astro-ph/9907263","mag":"3012425473"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:astro-ph/9907263","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/9907263","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/astro-ph/9907263","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["arxiv","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/astro-ph/9907263","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052912060","display_name":"M. D\u2019Vali","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D'Vali, M.","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017255076","display_name":"I.H. Bond","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130828816","display_name":"University of Leeds","ror":"https://ror.org/024mrxd33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bond, I. H.","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics & Astronomy , University of Leeds , Leeds , LS2 9JT , UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics & Astronomy , University of Leeds , Leeds , LS2 9JT , UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022982170","display_name":"S. M. Bradbury","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9261-885X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9261-885X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130828816","display_name":"University of Leeds","ror":"https://ror.org/024mrxd33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bradbury, S. M.","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics & Astronomy , University of Leeds , Leeds , LS2 9JT , UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics & Astronomy , University of Leeds , Leeds , LS2 9JT , UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069778731","display_name":"J. Buckley","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204465549","display_name":"Washington University in St. Louis","ror":"https://ror.org/01yc7t268","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Buckley, J. H.","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics , Washington University , St. Louis , MO 63130 , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics , Washington University , St. Louis , MO 63130 , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204465549"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055984946","display_name":"A. M. Burdett","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103187081","display_name":"Smithsonian Institution","ror":"https://ror.org/01pp8nd67","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103187081"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130828816","display_name":"University of Leeds","ror":"https://ror.org/024mrxd33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153167508","display_name":"Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory","ror":"https://ror.org/04mh52z70","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103187081","https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I153167508","https://openalex.org/I4210124175"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124175","display_name":"Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian","ror":"https://ror.org/03c3r2d17","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103187081","https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I4210124175"]}],"countries":["GB","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Burdett, A. M.","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics & Astronomy , University of Leeds , Leeds , LS2 9JT , UK","Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory , Harvard-Smithsonian CfA , P.O. Box 97 , Amado , AZ 85645-0097 , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics & Astronomy , University of Leeds , Leeds , LS2 9JT , UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory , Harvard-Smithsonian CfA , P.O. Box 97 , Amado , AZ 85645-0097 , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103187081","https://openalex.org/I153167508","https://openalex.org/I4210124175"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083732577","display_name":"D. A. Carter\u2010Lewis","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173911158","display_name":"Iowa State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04rswrd78","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carter-Lewis, D. A.","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics and Astronomy , Iowa State University , Ames , IA 50011-3160 , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics and Astronomy , Iowa State University , Ames , IA 50011-3160 , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037399961","display_name":"M. Catanese","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173911158","display_name":"Iowa State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04rswrd78","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Catanese, M.","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics and Astronomy , Iowa State University , Ames , IA 50011-3160 , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics and Astronomy , Iowa State University , Ames , IA 50011-3160 , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055285069","display_name":"M. F. Cawley","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157286207","display_name":"National University of Ireland, Maynooth","ror":"https://ror.org/048nfjm95","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157286207"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cawley, M. F.","raw_affiliation_strings":["Physics Department , St. Patrick's College , Maynooth , County Kildare , Ireland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Physics Department , St. Patrick's College , Maynooth , County Kildare , Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157286207"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053387208","display_name":"D.J. Fegan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100930933","display_name":"University College Dublin","ror":"https://ror.org/05m7pjf47","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fegan, D. J.","raw_affiliation_strings":["Experimental Physics Department , University College , Belfield , Dublin 4 , Ireland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Experimental Physics Department , University College , Belfield , Dublin 4 , Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040996553","display_name":"S. Fegan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9978-2510","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9978-2510"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103187081","display_name":"Smithsonian Institution","ror":"https://ror.org/01pp8nd67","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103187081"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153167508","display_name":"Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory","ror":"https://ror.org/04mh52z70","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103187081","https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I153167508","https://openalex.org/I4210124175"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124175","display_name":"Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian","ror":"https://ror.org/03c3r2d17","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103187081","https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I4210124175"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fegan, S. J.","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory , Harvard-Smithsonian CfA , P.O. Box 97 , Amado , AZ 85645-0097 , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory , Harvard-Smithsonian CfA , P.O. Box 97 , Amado , AZ 85645-0097 , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103187081","https://openalex.org/I153167508","https://openalex.org/I4210124175"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108718279","display_name":"JP Finley","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Finley, J. P.","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics , Purdue University , West Lafayette , IN 47907 , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics , Purdue University , West Lafayette , IN 47907 , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026538498","display_name":"J. A. Gaidos","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gaidos, J. A.","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics , Purdue University , West Lafayette , IN 47907 , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics , Purdue University , West Lafayette , IN 47907 , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Hall, T. A.","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hall, T. A.","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics , Purdue University , West Lafayette , IN 47907 , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics , Purdue University , West Lafayette , IN 47907 , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079524651","display_name":"A. M. Hillas","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130828816","display_name":"University of Leeds","ror":"https://ror.org/024mrxd33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hillas, A. M.","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics & Astronomy , University of Leeds , Leeds , LS2 9JT , UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics & Astronomy , University of Leeds , Leeds , LS2 9JT , UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071761076","display_name":"Johannes Knapp","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1519-1383","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1519-1383"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130828816","display_name":"University of Leeds","ror":"https://ror.org/024mrxd33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Knapp, J.","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics & Astronomy , University of Leeds , Leeds , LS2 9JT , UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics & Astronomy , University of Leeds , Leeds , LS2 9JT , UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107846292","display_name":"Frank Krennrich","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173911158","display_name":"Iowa State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04rswrd78","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Krennrich, F.","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics and Astronomy , Iowa State University , Ames , IA 50011-3160 , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics and Astronomy , Iowa State University , Ames , IA 50011-3160 , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061785349","display_name":"S. Le Bohec","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bohec, S. Le","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034499641","display_name":"R. Lessard","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lessard, R. W.","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics , Purdue University , West Lafayette , IN 47907 , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics , Purdue University , West Lafayette , IN 47907 , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107484465","display_name":"Conor Masterson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100930933","display_name":"University College Dublin","ror":"https://ror.org/05m7pjf47","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Masterson, C.","raw_affiliation_strings":["Experimental Physics Department , University College , Belfield , Dublin 4 , Ireland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Experimental Physics Department , University College , Belfield , Dublin 4 , Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068422437","display_name":"S.D. Myles","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130828816","display_name":"University of Leeds","ror":"https://ror.org/024mrxd33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Myles, S. D.","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics & Astronomy , University of Leeds , Leeds , LS2 9JT , UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics & Astronomy , University of Leeds , Leeds , LS2 9JT , UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056157422","display_name":"J. Quinn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4855-2694","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4855-2694"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100930933","display_name":"University College Dublin","ror":"https://ror.org/05m7pjf47","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Quinn, J.","raw_affiliation_strings":["Experimental Physics Department , University College , Belfield , Dublin 4 , Ireland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Experimental Physics Department , University College , Belfield , Dublin 4 , Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047336399","display_name":"H. J. Rose","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130828816","display_name":"University of Leeds","ror":"https://ror.org/024mrxd33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rose, H. J.","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics & Astronomy , University of Leeds , Leeds , LS2 9JT , UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics & Astronomy , University of Leeds , Leeds , LS2 9JT , UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001024437","display_name":"FW Samuelson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173911158","display_name":"Iowa State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04rswrd78","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Samuelson, F. W.","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics and Astronomy , Iowa State University , Ames , IA 50011-3160 , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics and Astronomy , Iowa State University , Ames , IA 50011-3160 , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173911158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089702522","display_name":"GH Sembroski","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sembroski, G. H.","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics , Purdue University , West Lafayette , IN 47907 , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics , Purdue University , West Lafayette , IN 47907 , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065254866","display_name":"V. V. Vassiliev","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103187081","display_name":"Smithsonian Institution","ror":"https://ror.org/01pp8nd67","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103187081"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153167508","display_name":"Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory","ror":"https://ror.org/04mh52z70","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103187081","https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I153167508","https://openalex.org/I4210124175"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124175","display_name":"Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian","ror":"https://ror.org/03c3r2d17","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103187081","https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I4210124175"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vassiliev, V. V.","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory , Harvard-Smithsonian CfA , P.O. Box 97 , Amado , AZ 85645-0097 , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory , Harvard-Smithsonian CfA , P.O. Box 97 , Amado , AZ 85645-0097 , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103187081","https://openalex.org/I153167508","https://openalex.org/I4210124175"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103895558","display_name":"TC Weekes","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103187081","display_name":"Smithsonian Institution","ror":"https://ror.org/01pp8nd67","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103187081"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153167508","display_name":"Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory","ror":"https://ror.org/04mh52z70","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103187081","https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I153167508","https://openalex.org/I4210124175"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124175","display_name":"Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian","ror":"https://ror.org/03c3r2d17","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103187081","https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I4210124175"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weekes, T. C.","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory , Harvard-Smithsonian CfA , P.O. Box 97 , Amado , AZ 85645-0097 , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory , Harvard-Smithsonian CfA , P.O. Box 97 , Amado , AZ 85645-0097 , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103187081","https://openalex.org/I153167508","https://openalex.org/I4210124175"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":null,"first_page":"422","last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10818","display_name":"Astrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10818","display_name":"Astrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10744","display_name":"Astrophysical Phenomena and Observations","score":0.0010000000474974513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11323","display_name":"Gamma-ray bursts and supernovae","score":0.0008999999845400453,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bl-lac-objects","display_name":"BL Lac objects","score":0.9829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/very-high-energy-gamma-rays","display_name":"very high energy gamma rays","score":0.9829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gamma-ray-detection","display_name":"gamma-ray detection","score":0.7160000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mrk-501","display_name":"Mrk 501","score":0.9139999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/1es-2344-514","display_name":"1ES 2344+514","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mrk-421","display_name":"Mrk 421","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/x-ray-flares","display_name":"X-ray flares","score":0.6299999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quasars","display_name":"quasars","score":0.6340000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gamma-ray-survey","display_name":"gamma-ray survey","score":0.5600000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/whipple-observatory","display_name":"Whipple Observatory","score":0.7570000290870667}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111717503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q195385","display_name":"BL Lac object","level":4,"score":0.8705573081970215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.8234614133834839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73329638","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q527","display_name":"Sky","level":2,"score":0.7568329572677612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776968204","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3412366","display_name":"QSOS","level":4,"score":0.7274682521820068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100752510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221221","display_name":"Blazar","level":3,"score":0.6852465867996216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779919027","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q62832","display_name":"Observatory","level":2,"score":0.6840262413024902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44870925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37547","display_name":"Astrophysics","level":1,"score":0.6414697170257568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779588948","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628261","display_name":"Flare","level":2,"score":0.6130752563476562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.612000584602356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780848835","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4213","display_name":"Telescope","level":2,"score":0.5834543704986572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7910260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11523","display_name":"Gamma ray","level":2,"score":0.47465068101882935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98444146","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q318","display_name":"Galaxy","level":2,"score":0.23612827062606812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135041427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83373","display_name":"Quasar","level":3,"score":0.1275329887866974}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:astro-ph/9907263","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/9907263","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/astro-ph/9907263","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:cds.cern.ch:393944","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://cds.cern.ch/record/393944","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402195","display_name":"CERN Document Server (European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":null},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.astro-ph/9907263","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.astro-ph/9907263","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.astro-ph/9907263","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},{"id":"mag:3012425473","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://lss.fnal.gov/conf2/C990817/o2_1_37.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306512700","display_name":"ICRC","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ICRC","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:astro-ph/9907263","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/9907263","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/astro-ph/9907263","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/01bj3aw27"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3012425473.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3012425473.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1586404210","https://openalex.org/W2992125216","https://openalex.org/W2079100230","https://openalex.org/W6903731426","https://openalex.org/W2008852708","https://openalex.org/W1511339129","https://openalex.org/W7006243228","https://openalex.org/W2142392371","https://openalex.org/W71205680","https://openalex.org/W7099670275"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Only":[0],"BL":[1,32,44,63,95],"Lac":[2],"objects":[3],"have":[4,27,39,59,89,117],"been":[5,118],"detected":[6],"as":[7,116],"extragalactic":[8],"sources":[9],"of":[10,42,51,93,128],"very":[11,108],"high":[12,71,84,109],"energy":[13],"(E":[14],">":[15],"300":[16],"GeV)":[17],"gamma":[18],"rays.":[19],"Using":[20],"the":[21,49,66,103,126,132],"Whipple":[22],"Observatory":[23],"Gamma-ray":[24],"Telescope,":[25],"we":[26,38,58,88],"attempted":[28],"to":[29,48,80,105],"detect":[30,82],"more":[31],"Lacs":[33,64,96],"using":[34,131],"three":[35],"approaches.":[36],"First,":[37],"conducted":[40,90],"surveys":[41],"nearby":[43],"Lacs,":[45],"which":[46],"led":[47],"detections":[50],"Mrk":[52,121],"501":[53],"and":[54,97],"1ES":[55],"2344+514.":[56],"Second,":[57],"observed":[60],"X-ray":[61,73],"bright":[62],"when":[65],"RXTE":[67],"All-Sky":[68],"Monitor":[69],"identifies":[70],"state":[72],"emission":[74,85],"in":[75,78,102],"an":[76],"object,":[77],"order":[79],"efficiently":[81],"extended":[83],"states.":[86],"Third,":[87],"rapid":[91],"observations":[92],"several":[94],"QSOs":[98],"located":[99],"close":[100],"together":[101],"sky":[104],"search":[106],"for":[107],"flux,":[110],"short":[111],"time-scale":[112],"flare":[113],"states":[114],"such":[115],"seen":[119],"from":[120],"421.":[122],"We":[123],"will":[124],"present":[125],"results":[127],"a":[129],"survey":[130],"third":[133],"observational":[134],"technique.":[135]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-05T12:25:35.769452","created_date":"2020-03-23T00:00:00"}
