{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3011410184","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00268-020-05463-9","title":"Surgical Training Throughout Africa: A Review of Operative Case Volumes at Multiple Training Centers","display_name":"Surgical Training Throughout Africa: A Review of Operative Case Volumes at Multiple Training Centers","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-03-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3011410184","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00268-020-05463-9","mag":"3011410184","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32157402"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00268-020-05463-9","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00268-020-05463-9","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00268-020-05463-9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S60318618","display_name":"World Journal of Surgery","issn_l":"0364-2313","issn":["0364-2313","1432-2323"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"World Journal of Surgery","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017353885","display_name":"Robert K. Parker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4794-5821","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4794-5821"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27804330","display_name":"Brown University","ror":"https://ror.org/05gq02987","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27804330"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159121","display_name":"Tenwek Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/059j2cd05","country_code":"KE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210159121"]}],"countries":["KE","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Robert K. Parker","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Surgery Alpert Medical School of Brown University Providence RI USA","Department of Surgery Tenwek Hospital PO Box 39 20400 Bomet Kenya","Department of Surgery, Tenwek Hospital, PO Box 39, Bomet, 20400, Kenya"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Surgery Alpert Medical School of Brown University Providence RI USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27804330"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Surgery Tenwek Hospital PO Box 39 20400 Bomet Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159121"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Surgery, Tenwek Hospital, PO Box 39, Bomet, 20400, Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159121"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023591880","display_name":"Hillary Mariko Topazian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7824-9605","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7824-9605"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114027177","display_name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","ror":"https://ror.org/0130frc33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hillary M. Topazian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health University of North Carolina Chapel Hill NC USA","Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health University of North Carolina Chapel Hill NC USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084172276","display_name":"Wairimu Ndegwa","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159121","display_name":"Tenwek Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/059j2cd05","country_code":"KE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210159121"]}],"countries":["KE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wairimu Ndegwa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Surgery Tenwek Hospital PO Box 39 20400 Bomet Kenya","Department of Surgery, Tenwek Hospital, PO Box 39, Bomet, 20400, Kenya"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Surgery Tenwek Hospital PO Box 39 20400 Bomet Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159121"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Surgery, Tenwek Hospital, PO Box 39, Bomet, 20400, Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159121"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083629150","display_name":"Patricia Chesang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159121","display_name":"Tenwek Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/059j2cd05","country_code":"KE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210159121"]}],"countries":["KE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patricia Chesang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Surgery Tenwek Hospital PO Box 39 20400 Bomet Kenya","Department of Surgery, Tenwek Hospital, PO Box 39, Bomet, 20400, Kenya"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Surgery Tenwek Hospital PO Box 39 20400 Bomet Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159121"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Surgery, Tenwek Hospital, PO Box 39, Bomet, 20400, Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159121"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007299426","display_name":"Shinji K. Strain","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7107-0802","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7107-0802"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55302922","display_name":"The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston","ror":"https://ror.org/016tfm930","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55302922"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shinji Strain","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Anatomy University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston TX USA","Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Anatomy University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston TX USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55302922"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55302922"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017354534","display_name":"Keir Thelander","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4183-5692","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4183-5692"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Keir Thelander","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pan\u2010African Academy of Christian Surgeons Strongsville OH USA","Pan-African Academy of Christian Surgeons, Strongsville, OH, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pan\u2010African Academy of Christian Surgeons Strongsville OH USA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pan-African Academy of Christian Surgeons, Strongsville, OH, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090546189","display_name":"Andrea S. Parker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5844-9124","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5844-9124"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27804330","display_name":"Brown University","ror":"https://ror.org/05gq02987","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27804330"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159121","display_name":"Tenwek Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/059j2cd05","country_code":"KE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210159121"]}],"countries":["KE","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrea S. Parker","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Surgery Alpert Medical School of Brown University Providence RI USA","Department of Surgery Tenwek Hospital PO Box 39 20400 Bomet Kenya","Department of Surgery, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Surgery Alpert Medical School of Brown University Providence RI USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27804330"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Surgery Tenwek Hospital PO Box 39 20400 Bomet Kenya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159121"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Surgery, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27804330"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040966730","display_name":"Robert R. Riviello","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3783-153X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3783-153X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1283280774","display_name":"Brigham and Women's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04b6nzv94","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121934306","https://openalex.org/I1283280774","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert Riviello","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Surgery and Public Health Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston MA USA","Center for Surgery and Public Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Surgery and Public Health Brigham and Women's Hospital Boston MA USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283280774"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Surgery and Public Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283280774"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5017353885"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27804330","https://openalex.org/I4210159121"],"apc_list":{"value":3860,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3860},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.4088,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89422111,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"44","issue":"7","first_page":"2100","last_page":"2107"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11731","display_name":"Global Health and Surgery","score":0.5976999998092651,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11731","display_name":"Global Health and Surgery","score":0.5976999998092651,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10916","display_name":"Surgical Simulation and Training","score":0.38920000195503235,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10254","display_name":"Innovations in Medical Education","score":0.009700000286102295,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surgical-training","display_name":"surgical training","score":0.9539999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operative-case-volume","display_name":"operative case volume","score":0.8610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surgical-residency","display_name":"surgical residency","score":0.4440000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surgical-disease-burden","display_name":"surgical disease burden","score":0.4690000116825104}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8445113301277161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779767262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5592059","display_name":"Graduate medical education","level":3,"score":0.7345812320709229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777010666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1498222","display_name":"Vascular surgery","level":3,"score":0.5906245112419128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61521584","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q705899","display_name":"Accreditation","level":2,"score":0.5301055908203125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61434518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932510","display_name":"General surgery","level":1,"score":0.4768446683883667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10885799","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80015","display_name":"Obstetrics and gynaecology","level":3,"score":0.464310884475708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46304622","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q374814","display_name":"Certification","level":2,"score":0.4511522352695465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160022790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2964004","display_name":"Cardiothoracic surgery","level":2,"score":0.44908446073532104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780423258","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1430816","display_name":"Pediatric surgery","level":2,"score":0.44559717178344727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.3364573121070862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512399662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712","display_name":"Family medicine","level":1,"score":0.33590227365493774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.26839277148246765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778789114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q235007","display_name":"Cardiac surgery","level":2,"score":0.25938406586647034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779234561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11995","display_name":"Pregnancy","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000068","descriptor_name":"Accreditation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000068","descriptor_name":"Accreditation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000068","descriptor_name":"Accreditation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000068","descriptor_name":"Accreditation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000349","descriptor_name":"Africa","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000349","descriptor_name":"Africa","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000349","descriptor_name":"Africa","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000349","descriptor_name":"Africa","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002983","descriptor_name":"Clinical Competence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002983","descriptor_name":"Clinical Competence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002983","descriptor_name":"Clinical Competence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002983","descriptor_name":"Clinical Competence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004503","descriptor_name":"Education, Medical, Graduate","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004503","descriptor_name":"Education, Medical, Graduate","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004503","descriptor_name":"Education, Medical, Graduate","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004503","descriptor_name":"Education, Medical, Graduate","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012189","descriptor_name":"Retrospective Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012189","descriptor_name":"Retrospective Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012189","descriptor_name":"Retrospective Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012189","descriptor_name":"Retrospective Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013502","descriptor_name":"General Surgery","qualifier_ui":"Q000193","qualifier_name":"education","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013502","descriptor_name":"General Surgery","qualifier_ui":"Q000193","qualifier_name":"education","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013502","descriptor_name":"General Surgery","qualifier_ui":"Q000193","qualifier_name":"education","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013502","descriptor_name":"General Surgery","qualifier_ui":"Q000193","qualifier_name":"education","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D066231","descriptor_name":"Surgeons","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D066231","descriptor_name":"Surgeons","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D066231","descriptor_name":"Surgeons","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D066231","descriptor_name":"Surgeons","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00268-020-05463-9","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00268-020-05463-9","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00268-020-05463-9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S60318618","display_name":"World Journal of Surgery","issn_l":"0364-2313","issn":["0364-2313","1432-2323"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"World Journal of Surgery","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:32157402","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32157402","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"World journal of surgery","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9537000060081482}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W786124647","https://openalex.org/W1981462833","https://openalex.org/W1983353299","https://openalex.org/W1991926153","https://openalex.org/W1996907756","https://openalex.org/W1998346849","https://openalex.org/W2010246800","https://openalex.org/W2024649243","https://openalex.org/W2043861297","https://openalex.org/W2069082328","https://openalex.org/W2077796311","https://openalex.org/W2108696896","https://openalex.org/W2113976452","https://openalex.org/W2121241419","https://openalex.org/W2130233101","https://openalex.org/W2135745970","https://openalex.org/W2155477357","https://openalex.org/W2249967534","https://openalex.org/W2317509465","https://openalex.org/W2337386212","https://openalex.org/W2344252348","https://openalex.org/W2345131657","https://openalex.org/W2562209799","https://openalex.org/W2562523562","https://openalex.org/W2607821628","https://openalex.org/W2611638382","https://openalex.org/W2736652866","https://openalex.org/W2743482579","https://openalex.org/W2743605223","https://openalex.org/W2766586772","https://openalex.org/W2766884207","https://openalex.org/W2777523092","https://openalex.org/W2789695156","https://openalex.org/W2808761967","https://openalex.org/W2891895890","https://openalex.org/W2899879300","https://openalex.org/W2903934466","https://openalex.org/W2913510669","https://openalex.org/W2913548409","https://openalex.org/W2944918475","https://openalex.org/W2992286642"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2048366209","https://openalex.org/W2023333427","https://openalex.org/W2056554749","https://openalex.org/W4251342668","https://openalex.org/W4250370159","https://openalex.org/W2114316777","https://openalex.org/W4385445889","https://openalex.org/W2044552158","https://openalex.org/W2122924564","https://openalex.org/W1970538291"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"Adequate":[1],"surgical":[2,16,70,246],"training":[3,28],"is":[4,63],"paramount":[5],"to":[6,10,90,237],"produce":[7],"competent":[8],"surgeons":[9],"address":[11,238],"the":[12,50,66,239],"global":[13],"burden":[14,244],"of":[15,21,69,85,245],"disease.":[17,247],"The":[18,101],"Pan-African":[19],"Academy":[20],"Christian":[22],"Surgeons":[23],"(PAACS)":[24],"has":[25],"general":[26],"surgery":[27],"programs":[29,125,235],"in":[30,49,126,188,223],"eight":[31],"countries.":[32],"Operative":[33,75],"case":[34,59,108],"volumes":[35,109],"have":[36],"been":[37],"positively":[38],"associated":[39],"with":[40,221],"improved":[41],"trainee":[42],"performance":[43],"and":[44,80,88,103,110,163,167,177,179,194,202,207,210,241],"patient":[45],"outcomes.":[46],"For":[47],"certification":[48],"USA,":[51],"850":[52],"total":[53,107],"operations":[54,217],"are":[55],"required":[56],"from":[57,82,92,123,138],"defined":[58],"categories.":[60,114,196],"Yet,":[61],"little":[62],"known":[64],"about":[65],"operative":[67,171],"experience":[68,226],"trainees":[71,214,220],"throughout":[72],"Africa.":[73],"METHODS:":[74],"procedures":[76],"were":[77,106,117],"reviewed,":[78],"categorized,":[79],"validated":[81],"a":[83,230],"cohort":[84],"PAACS":[86,121,141,158,213],"graduates":[87,91,142,151,159,184],"compared":[89],"Accreditation":[93],"Council":[94],"for":[95,232],"Graduate":[96],"Medical":[97],"Education":[98],"(ACGME)":[99],"programs.":[100,140],"primary":[102],"secondary":[104],"outcomes":[105],"cases":[111,146,187],"within":[112],"ACGME-defined":[113],"Regional":[115],"variations":[116,204],"explored.":[118],"RESULTS:":[119],"Twenty":[120],"trainees,":[122],"five":[124],"four":[127],"countries,":[128],"performed":[129,160,185],"38,267":[130],"unique":[131],"procedures.":[132],"ACGME":[133,150,219],"reports":[134],"on":[135],"1211":[136],"residents":[137],"251":[139],"logged":[143],"more":[144,161,186,216],"major":[145],"(median":[147,152],"1448)":[148],"than":[149,218],"993)":[153],"(p":[154],"value":[155],"=":[156],"0\u00b70001).":[157],"gynecology":[162],"obstetrics,":[164],"orthopedics,":[165],"head":[166],"neck,":[168],"urology,":[169],"endocrine,":[170],"trauma,":[172],"pediatric":[173],"surgery,":[174,176],"plastic":[175],"skin":[178],"soft":[180],"tissue":[181],"cases.":[182],"US":[183],"abdomen,":[189],"alimentary":[190],"tract,":[191],"breast,":[192],"thoracic,":[193],"vascular":[195],"Comparison":[197],"between":[198,205],"regions":[199],"demonstrated":[200],"volume":[201],"category":[203],"Kenya":[206],"Gabon,":[208],"Ethiopia,":[209],"Cameroon.":[211],"CONCLUSION:":[212],"perform":[215],"differences":[222],"distribution.":[224],"This":[225],"can":[227],"serve":[228],"as":[229],"model":[231],"regional":[233],"educational":[234],"seeking":[236],"broad":[240],"largely":[242],"unmet":[243]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-11T09:32:39.932853","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}