{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3011266331","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10030163","title":"The Neurochemistry of Autism","display_name":"The Neurochemistry of Autism","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-03-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3011266331","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10030163","mag":"3011266331","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32182969","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7139720"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/brainsci10030163","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10030163","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10030163","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/10/3/163/pdf?version=1584072483","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S122317144","display_name":"Brain Sciences","issn_l":"2076-3425","issn":["2076-3425"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-3","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Brain Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/10/3/163/pdf?version=1584072483","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114377563","display_name":"Rosa Marotta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0515-5952","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0515-5952"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36443711","display_name":"Magna Graecia University","ror":"https://ror.org/0530bdk91","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36443711"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rosa Marotta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University \"Magna Graecia\", Catanzaro 88100, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0515-5952","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University \"Magna Graecia\", Catanzaro 88100, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36443711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036595230","display_name":"Maria Cristina Risoleo","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197809005","display_name":"University of Campania \"Luigi Vanvitelli\"","ror":"https://ror.org/02kqnpp86","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197809005"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36443711","display_name":"Magna Graecia University","ror":"https://ror.org/0530bdk91","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36443711"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maria C. Risoleo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Clinic of Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, Department of Mental Health, Physical and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli\u201d, Napoli 80138, Italy","Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University \"Magna Graecia\", Catanzaro 88100, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clinic of Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, Department of Mental Health, Physical and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli\u201d, Napoli 80138, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197809005"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University \"Magna Graecia\", Catanzaro 88100, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36443711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019059146","display_name":"Giovanni Messina","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0011-867X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0011-867X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106296451","display_name":"University of Foggia","ror":"https://ror.org/01xtv3204","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106296451"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giovanni Messina","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia 71100, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0011-867X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia 71100, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106296451"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108079724","display_name":"Lucia Parisi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I900890020","display_name":"University of Palermo","ror":"https://ror.org/044k9ta02","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I900890020"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lucia Parisi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, Educational and Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Palermo 90128, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, Educational and Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Palermo 90128, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I900890020"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029304228","display_name":"Marco Carotenuto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8136-7597","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8136-7597"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197809005","display_name":"University of Campania \"Luigi Vanvitelli\"","ror":"https://ror.org/02kqnpp86","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197809005"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marco Carotenuto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Clinic of Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, Department of Mental Health, Physical and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli\u201d, Napoli 80138, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8136-7597","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clinic of Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, Department of Mental Health, Physical and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli\u201d, Napoli 80138, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197809005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088910149","display_name":"Luigi Vetri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0121-3396","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0121-3396"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I900890020","display_name":"University of Palermo","ror":"https://ror.org/044k9ta02","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I900890020"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Luigi Vetri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Sciences for Health Promotion and Mother and Child Care \u201cG. D\u2019Alessandro\u201d, University of Palermo, Palermo 90127, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0121-3396","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Sciences for Health Promotion and Mother and Child Care \u201cG. D\u2019Alessandro\u201d, University of Palermo, Palermo 90127, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I900890020"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085199095","display_name":"Michele Roccella","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7371-0228","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7371-0228"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I900890020","display_name":"University of Palermo","ror":"https://ror.org/044k9ta02","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I900890020"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michele Roccella","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, Educational and Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Palermo 90128, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7371-0228","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, Educational and Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Palermo 90128, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I900890020"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5088910149"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I900890020"],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1690},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1690},"fwci":19.4728,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":303,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99876,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"3","first_page":"163","last_page":"163"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10106","display_name":"Autism Spectrum Disorder Research","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10106","display_name":"Autism Spectrum Disorder Research","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11772","display_name":"Genetics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders","score":0.0010000000474974513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11541","display_name":"Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2807","display_name":"Endocrine and Autonomic Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autism-spectrum-disorder","display_name":"autism spectrum disorder","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neurochemistry","display_name":"neurochemistry","score":0.9160000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brain-development","display_name":"brain development","score":0.5910000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaba","display_name":"GABA","score":0.9129999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glutamate","display_name":"glutamate","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/serotonin","display_name":"serotonin","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dopamine","display_name":"dopamine","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/n-acetylaspartate","display_name":"N-acetylaspartate","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oxytocin","display_name":"oxytocin","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vasopressin","display_name":"vasopressin","score":0.9139999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/melatonin","display_name":"melatonin","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vitamin-d","display_name":"vitamin D","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orexin","display_name":"orexin","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/endogenous-opioids","display_name":"endogenous opioids","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acetylcholine","display_name":"acetylcholine","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/etiology-of-autism","display_name":"autism etiology","score":0.8059999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autism-treatment","display_name":"autism treatment","score":0.6069999933242798}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25876315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15197465","display_name":"Neurochemical","level":2,"score":0.9245634078979492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205778803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38404","display_name":"Autism","level":2,"score":0.8189164400100708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.6746921539306641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778538070","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1436063","display_name":"Autism spectrum disorder","level":3,"score":0.6726748943328857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39920043","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q786278","display_name":"Neurochemistry","level":3,"score":0.5740084052085876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779388368","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3450985","display_name":"Neurodevelopmental disorder","level":3,"score":0.5696164965629578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5152952671051025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C513476851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170304","display_name":"Dopamine","level":2,"score":0.4105231761932373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3928985595703125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.3811129331588745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16568411","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83042","display_name":"Neurology","level":2,"score":0.27638256549835205}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":8,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/brainsci10030163","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10030163","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10030163","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/10/3/163/pdf?version=1584072483","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S122317144","display_name":"Brain Sciences","issn_l":"2076-3425","issn":["2076-3425"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-3","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Brain Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:6095910","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7139720","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7139720","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7139720","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Brain Sci","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:32182969","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32182969","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Brain sciences","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:32bcc7d84865443db23981794e91dab4","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/32bcc7d84865443db23981794e91dab4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Brain Sciences, Vol 10, Iss 3, p 163 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:fair.unifg.it:11369/386970","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11369/386970","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400369","display_name":"Institutional Research Information System University of Ferrara (University of Ferrara)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I201324441","host_organization_name":"University of Ferrara","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201324441"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.unicampania.it:11591/436687","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11591/436687","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055255","display_name":"Archivio Istituzionale della Ricerca - Universit\u00e0 degli Studi della Campania \"Luigi Vanvitelli\"","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.unipa.it:10447/419866","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10447/419866","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401065","display_name":"Nova Science Publishers (Nova Science Publishers, Inc.)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/brainsci10030163","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10030163","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10030163","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/10/3/163/pdf?version=1584072483","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S122317144","display_name":"Brain Sciences","issn_l":"2076-3425","issn":["2076-3425"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-3","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Brain Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9537000060081482}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3011266331.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3011266331.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":171,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W15569989","https://openalex.org/W105688798","https://openalex.org/W156365467","https://openalex.org/W633735835","https://openalex.org/W1485256456","https://openalex.org/W1521522959","https://openalex.org/W1548483078","https://openalex.org/W1657431829","https://openalex.org/W1840649461","https://openalex.org/W1862233274","https://openalex.org/W1963985457","https://openalex.org/W1970406018","https://openalex.org/W1971013529","https://openalex.org/W1973138133","https://openalex.org/W1974307776","https://openalex.org/W1976887222","https://openalex.org/W1977514547","https://openalex.org/W1978262894","https://openalex.org/W1980625058","https://openalex.org/W1983572971","https://openalex.org/W1986624226","https://openalex.org/W1988293145","https://openalex.org/W1989064214","https://openalex.org/W1989199110","https://openalex.org/W1989262311","https://openalex.org/W1990146458","https://openalex.org/W1991721037","https://openalex.org/W1996107567","https://openalex.org/W1997516447","https://openalex.org/W1999172174","https://openalex.org/W2000385214","https://openalex.org/W2000484318","https://openalex.org/W2002371359","https://openalex.org/W2002453592","https://openalex.org/W2004706060","https://openalex.org/W2005350170","https://openalex.org/W2009082639","https://openalex.org/W2010795441","https://openalex.org/W2011279769","https://openalex.org/W2014711343","https://openalex.org/W2015029726","https://openalex.org/W2015177313","https://openalex.org/W2016364319","https://openalex.org/W2018998808","https://openalex.org/W2021637426","https://openalex.org/W2023966963","https://openalex.org/W2025947691","https://openalex.org/W2027283032","https://openalex.org/W2033735816","https://openalex.org/W2034277730","https://openalex.org/W2034411968","https://openalex.org/W2042202819","https://openalex.org/W2045069726","https://openalex.org/W2054114455","https://openalex.org/W2062657498","https://openalex.org/W2063130958","https://openalex.org/W2065893573","https://openalex.org/W2067039768","https://openalex.org/W2072652550","https://openalex.org/W2075113809","https://openalex.org/W2075445782","https://openalex.org/W2077256384","https://openalex.org/W2078313364","https://openalex.org/W2081758073","https://openalex.org/W2083934986","https://openalex.org/W2083953112","https://openalex.org/W2084427518","https://openalex.org/W2085736898","https://openalex.org/W2085830161","https://openalex.org/W2087609223","https://openalex.org/W2090084195","https://openalex.org/W2091028497","https://openalex.org/W2092758385","https://openalex.org/W2093926419","https://openalex.org/W2096504331","https://openalex.org/W2099220311","https://openalex.org/W2103535314","https://openalex.org/W2105056500","https://openalex.org/W2105153310","https://openalex.org/W2108366837","https://openalex.org/W2112389652","https://openalex.org/W2116573486","https://openalex.org/W2118521626","https://openalex.org/W2119098759","https://openalex.org/W2119744351","https://openalex.org/W2121134774","https://openalex.org/W2123137331","https://openalex.org/W2123247267","https://openalex.org/W2123739801","https://openalex.org/W2124533302","https://openalex.org/W2124549431","https://openalex.org/W2128060628","https://openalex.org/W2129032286","https://openalex.org/W2131568512","https://openalex.org/W2136581101","https://openalex.org/W2137305986","https://openalex.org/W2146597551","https://openalex.org/W2146701730","https://openalex.org/W2153657359","https://openalex.org/W2155856343","https://openalex.org/W2158197814","https://openalex.org/W2159733258","https://openalex.org/W2166273490","https://openalex.org/W2197168351","https://openalex.org/W2268477073","https://openalex.org/W2270432837","https://openalex.org/W2286636876","https://openalex.org/W2292245145","https://openalex.org/W2320983896","https://openalex.org/W2339794795","https://openalex.org/W2409899008","https://openalex.org/W2418093731","https://openalex.org/W2475478211","https://openalex.org/W2512025015","https://openalex.org/W2514055214","https://openalex.org/W2520088250","https://openalex.org/W2547618877","https://openalex.org/W2558188546","https://openalex.org/W2559175849","https://openalex.org/W2561153892","https://openalex.org/W2570496985","https://openalex.org/W2589065283","https://openalex.org/W2592249199","https://openalex.org/W2594655921","https://openalex.org/W2596370077","https://openalex.org/W2599849370","https://openalex.org/W2606579084","https://openalex.org/W2612728084","https://openalex.org/W2614349964","https://openalex.org/W2626843622","https://openalex.org/W2736636687","https://openalex.org/W2738944059","https://openalex.org/W2739669908","https://openalex.org/W2740484728","https://openalex.org/W2749882608","https://openalex.org/W2752263182","https://openalex.org/W2767064823","https://openalex.org/W2768318677","https://openalex.org/W2771416343","https://openalex.org/W2780761170","https://openalex.org/W2786716084","https://openalex.org/W2788735464","https://openalex.org/W2800723797","https://openalex.org/W2800794333","https://openalex.org/W2801913374","https://openalex.org/W2802947782","https://openalex.org/W2804295544","https://openalex.org/W2806224492","https://openalex.org/W2885502620","https://openalex.org/W2892234938","https://openalex.org/W2897154618","https://openalex.org/W2904856508","https://openalex.org/W2911295890","https://openalex.org/W2928597614","https://openalex.org/W2945401030","https://openalex.org/W2946838445","https://openalex.org/W2952499395","https://openalex.org/W2952797026","https://openalex.org/W2953716731","https://openalex.org/W2955539844","https://openalex.org/W2960067605","https://openalex.org/W2969493315","https://openalex.org/W2972079513","https://openalex.org/W2995401133","https://openalex.org/W3026829963","https://openalex.org/W4211046201","https://openalex.org/W4247665917","https://openalex.org/W4320577279","https://openalex.org/W6716996676","https://openalex.org/W7038476429","https://openalex.org/W7073830660"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4407742486","https://openalex.org/W180247906","https://openalex.org/W2101382188","https://openalex.org/W3185815307","https://openalex.org/W3099403323","https://openalex.org/W4310803304","https://openalex.org/W3014467115","https://openalex.org/W2529249807","https://openalex.org/W2012350876","https://openalex.org/W2803899179"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Autism":[0],"spectrum":[1,109],"disorder":[2],"(ASD)":[3],"refers":[4],"to":[5,97,114,129,170],"complex":[6,73],"neurobehavioral":[7],"and":[8,16,19,26,33,43,49,76,111,120,143,150,157,165,197,205],"neurodevelopmental":[9,101],"conditions":[10],"characterized":[11],"by":[12],"impaired":[13],"social":[14],"interaction":[15],"communication,":[17],"restricted":[18],"repetitive":[20],"patterns":[21],"of":[22,41,47,57,80,84,107,122,182,208],"behavior":[23],"or":[24],"interests,":[25],"altered":[27],"sensory":[28],"processing.":[29],"Environmental,":[30],"immunological,":[31],"genetic,":[32],"epigenetic":[34],"factors":[35],"are":[36,65,95],"implicated":[37],"in":[38,54,67,93,140,195],"the":[39,45,55,58,78,81,99,104,118,131,137,180,206],"pathophysiology":[40],"autism":[42,85,94,108,141],"provoke":[44],"occurrence":[46],"neuroanatomical":[48],"neurochemical":[50,63,91,138],"events":[51],"relatively":[52],"early":[53,100],"development":[56],"central":[59],"nervous":[60],"system.":[61],"Many":[62],"pathways":[64],"involved":[66],"determining":[68],"ASD;":[69],"however,":[70],"how":[71],"these":[72],"networks":[74],"interact":[75],"cause":[77],"onset":[79],"core":[82],"symptoms":[83],"remains":[86],"unclear.":[87],"Further":[88],"studies":[89],"on":[90,145],"alterations":[92,139],"necessary":[96],"clarify":[98],"variations":[102],"behind":[103],"enormous":[105],"heterogeneity":[106],"disorder,":[110],"therefore":[112],"lead":[113],"new":[115],"approaches":[116],"for":[117],"treatment":[119],"prevention":[121],"autism.":[123],"In":[124],"this":[125],"review,":[126],"we":[127],"aim":[128,169],"delineate":[130],"state-of-the-art":[132],"main":[133],"research":[134],"findings":[135],"about":[136],"etiology,":[142],"focuses":[144],"gamma":[146],"aminobutyric":[147],"acid":[148],"(GABA)":[149],"glutamate,":[151],"serotonin,":[152],"dopamine,":[153],"N-acetyl":[154],"aspartate,":[155],"oxytocin":[156],"arginine-vasopressin,":[158],"melatonin,":[159],"vitamin":[160],"D,":[161],"orexin,":[162],"endogenous":[163],"opioids,":[164],"acetylcholine.":[166],"We":[167],"also":[168],"suggest":[171],"a":[172],"possible":[173],"related":[174],"therapeutic":[175],"approach":[176],"that":[177],"could":[178],"improve":[179],"quality":[181],"ASD":[183],"interventions.":[184],"Over":[185],"one":[186],"hundred":[187],"references":[188],"were":[189],"collected":[190],"through":[191],"electronic":[192],"database":[193],"searching":[194],"Medline":[196],"EMBASE":[198],"(Ovid),":[199],"Scopus":[200],"(Elsevier),":[201],"ERIC":[202],"(Proquest),":[203],"PubMed,":[204],"Web":[207],"Science":[209],"(ISI).":[210]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":39},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":49},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":50},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":59},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":44},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":41},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2020-03-23T00:00:00"}
