{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3010700765","doi":null,"title":"Living in a car-free housing development. Motivations and mobility practices of residents in nine developments in Switzerland and Germany","display_name":"Living in a car-free housing development. Motivations and mobility practices of residents in nine developments in Switzerland and Germany","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3010700765","mag":"3010700765"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.unil.ch:iris/45115","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://iris.unil.ch/handle/iris/45115","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055444","display_name":"IRIS","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"doctoral thesis"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://serval.unil.ch/notice/serval:BIB_2053C99A97BC","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054258820","display_name":"Daniel Baehler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7642-5959","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7642-5959"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Baehler","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7642-5959","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5054258820"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10298","display_name":"Urban Transport and Accessibility","score":0.6015999913215637,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10298","display_name":"Urban Transport and Accessibility","score":0.6015999913215637,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13819","display_name":"Collaborative and Sustainable Housing Initiatives","score":0.31470000743865967,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3322","display_name":"Urban Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11942","display_name":"Transportation and Mobility Innovations","score":0.04989999905228615,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/car-free-living","display_name":"car-free living","score":0.6880000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resident-motivation","display_name":"resident motivation","score":0.5830000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobility-practices","display_name":"mobility practices","score":0.8109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alternative-transport-modes","display_name":"alternative transport modes","score":0.8159999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobility-capital","display_name":"mobility capital","score":0.5260000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/collaborative-housing","display_name":"collaborative housing","score":0.6050000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/housing-cooperatives","display_name":"housing cooperatives","score":0.9150000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobility-transition","display_name":"mobility transition","score":0.6460000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/car-dependence","display_name":"car dependence","score":0.3179999887943268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sustainable-transport","display_name":"sustainable transport","score":0.34299999475479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/switzerland","display_name":"Switzerland","score":0.3889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/germany","display_name":"Germany","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hamburg","display_name":"Hamburg","score":0.4580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cologne","display_name":"Cologne","score":0.7879999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/munster","display_name":"M\u00fcnster","score":0.7940000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zurich","display_name":"Z\u00fcrich","score":0.6539999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bern","display_name":"Bern","score":0.6990000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biel-bienne","display_name":"Biel/Bienne","score":0.8820000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/winterthur","display_name":"Winterthur","score":0.8510000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ostermundigen","display_name":"Ostermundigen","score":0.890999972820282}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74909509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10387","display_name":"Gerontology","level":1,"score":0.36783382296562195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.35322970151901245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.34959518909454346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.2327038049697876}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.unil.ch:iris/45115","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://iris.unil.ch/handle/iris/45115","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055444","display_name":"IRIS","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"doctoral thesis"},{"id":"pmh:oai:serval.unil.ch:BIB_2053C99A97BC","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://serval.unil.ch/notice/serval:BIB_2053C99A97BC","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401797","display_name":"SERVAL (Universit\u00e9 de Lausanne)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210093590","host_organization_name":"Swiss School of Archaeology in Greece","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210093590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis"},{"id":"mag:3010700765","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://serval.unil.ch/resource/serval:BIB_2053C99A97BC.P001/REF.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:serval.unil.ch:BIB_2053C99A97BC","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://serval.unil.ch/notice/serval:BIB_2053C99A97BC","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401797","display_name":"SERVAL (Universit\u00e9 de Lausanne)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210093590","host_organization_name":"Swiss School of Archaeology in Greece","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210093590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3038061872","https://openalex.org/W3114751068","https://openalex.org/W6963471299","https://openalex.org/W6991716092","https://openalex.org/W4415752265","https://openalex.org/W205165032","https://openalex.org/W2201140912","https://openalex.org/W824508194","https://openalex.org/W3036647929","https://openalex.org/W4298004366"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Cars":[0],"and":[1,6,23,85,90,126,130,136,143,173,187,197,244,271,293,308,387,429,435,440,468,522,535,557,579,582,591,597,614,671],"the":[2,63,98,183,195,231,257,309,315,323,355,358,376,383,414,473,483,490,508,516,520,583,607,627,630],"system":[3,647],"of":[4,50,102,152,157,164,168,194,225,242,256,263,291,299,311,325,336,357,382,392,447,485,492,527,540,546,572,587,612,648,661,668],"infrastructures":[5,616,1368],"urban":[7],"forms":[8,167,467],"built":[9],"to":[10,33,56,75,81,87,181,201,252,288,342,344,395,464,550,559,603,641,652,656],"support":[11],"them":[12,165,264],"have":[13,39,233,238],"many":[14],"negative":[15,1456],"impacts":[16,691],"such":[17,353,365,617],"as":[18,189,191,328,330,354,366,420,563,565,618],"pollution,":[19,696],"greenhouse":[20],"gas":[21],"emissions":[22],"a":[24,51,59,68,150,239,268,276,289,306,326,345,369,400,417,424,499,594,646,669,803,878,917,1111],"high":[25,240],"land":[26],"use,":[27],"particularly":[28,374,637],"in":[29,41,62,111,114,117,120,123,128,132,138,141,145,155,212,223,368,375,507,626,1468,1474],"cities.":[30,45],"In":[31,46,644,1481],"response":[32],"this,":[34],"car-":[35,69,561],"free":[36,562],"housing":[37,104,347,378,405],"developments":[38,154,215],"emerged":[40],"different":[42,158],"Western":[43],"European":[44],"these":[47,88],"real-world":[48],"laboratories":[49],"mobility":[52,385,434,466,568,650],"transition,":[53],"residents":[54,232,406,494,521,542,574],"commit":[55],"living":[57,284,367],"without":[58,267,398],"private":[60,269,401],"car":[61,270,307,327],"long":[64,750],"term.":[65],"To":[66],"overcome":[67,657],"centred":[70],"society,":[71],"it":[72,610,633],"is":[73,600],"important":[74,251,538],"understand":[76],"why":[77],"some":[78],"households":[79,258],"choose":[80],"voluntarily":[82],"live":[83,202,265,560,604],"car-free":[84,103,153,285,346,404,456,493,511,541,573,649,675],"move":[86,343],"developments,":[89,109],"how":[91,394],"they":[92,432],"are":[93,249,259,335,349,360,371],"mobile.":[94],"This":[95],"thesis":[96],"represents":[97],"first":[99,297],"large-scale":[100],"study":[101,182],"residents.":[105],"It":[106,659],"analysed":[107],"nine":[108,214],"five":[110],"Switzerland":[112],"(Burgunder":[113,811],"Bern,":[115],"FAB-A":[116,814],"Biel/Bienne,":[118],"Giesserei":[119,817],"Winterthur,":[121],"Oberfeld":[122,820],"Oster-":[124],"mundigen":[125],"Sihlbogen":[127,824],"Zurich)":[129,826],"four":[131,390],"Germany":[133],"(Klein":[134,831],"Borstel":[135,832],"Saarlandstra\u00dfe":[137,834],"Hamburg,":[139],"Stellwerk60":[140,837],"Cologne":[142,839],"Wei\u00dfenburg":[144,841],"M\u00fcnster).":[146,843],"These":[147],"sites":[148],"include":[149],"diversity":[151,539],"terms":[156],"dwelling":[159],"types":[160,391,586,855,1114,1341],"(even":[161],"though":[162],"six":[163,224,570,927,1322],"represent":[166,275],"collaborative":[169],"housing),":[170],"sizes,":[171],"ages":[172],"localisations.":[174],"A":[175,204,544],"mixed":[176],"methods":[177],"approach":[178],"was":[179,216],"adopted":[180],"residents\u2019":[184,384],"profiles,":[185],"motivations":[186,341,534,558,993,1013,1041,1060,1281,1308],"practices":[188,388],"well":[190,329,564],"their":[192,470,486,555,567],"evaluation":[193],"spatial":[196,596,670,897,1351,1436],"social":[198,363,598,638,672,899,1353,1438],"context":[199,599,673],"necessary":[200,602],"car-free.":[203,605],"self-":[205],"administered":[206],"questionnaire":[207,908],"survey":[208],"(n=500)":[209,910],"carried":[210],"out":[211],"all":[213,262,465],"combined":[217],"with":[218],"in-depth":[219],"interviews":[220],"(n=50)":[221,924],"conducted":[222],"them.":[226,253,279,552],"The":[227,296,340,380],"analyses":[228,381,933],"show":[229],"that":[230],"very":[234,250,337],"particular":[235],"profiles.":[236],"They":[237],"level":[241],"education":[243],"ethical":[245],"or":[246,332,419,423,449,504,621],"altruistic":[247],"values":[248,556],"Nearly":[254],"half":[255],"families.":[260],"Almost":[261],"deliberately":[266],"this":[272,525],"does":[273],"not":[274],"sacrifice":[277,989],"for":[278,283,305,533,623],"Their":[280],"motiva-":[281],"tions":[282],"refer":[286],"mainly":[287,317],"combination":[290],"practical":[292,351,500],"personal":[294],"reasons.":[295],"type":[298,1011,1037],"moti-":[300],"vation":[301],"includes":[302,634],"no":[303],"need":[304],"availability":[310],"alternative":[312,410],"transport":[313,411,428,436,613],"modes,":[314,412],"second":[316],"revolves":[318],"around":[319],"ecological":[320],"motivations.":[321],"Conversely,":[322],"affordability":[324],"health":[331],"age":[333],"reasons":[334,352],"little":[338],"importance.":[339,1058],"development":[348,509],"similar,":[350],"accessibility":[356,477],"location":[359],"highlighted,":[361],"but":[362,443,666],"aspects":[364,1082,1392],"community":[370,491,517],"important,":[372,496],"too,":[373],"cooperative":[377],"projects.":[379],"capital":[386,1103],"revealed":[389],"strategies":[393],"be":[396,653],"mobile":[397,1119],"owning":[399],"car.":[402],"First,":[403],"rely":[407],"on":[408,554,566],"(augmented)":[409],"i.e.":[413],"bicycle":[415],"(with":[416],"trailer":[418],"an":[421,537,1452],"e-":[422],"cargo":[425],"bike),":[426],"public":[427],"walking.":[430],"Second,":[431],"use":[433,446],"services,":[437,442],"including":[438],"taxis":[439,1168],"delivery":[441],"also":[444,518,601,667],"limited":[445],"(carsharing":[448],"other":[450,615,631],"borrowed)":[451],"cars.":[452],"Furthermore,":[453],"digitalisation":[454],"facilitates":[455],"living,":[457,512],"especially":[458],"smartphone":[459],"apps":[460],"al-":[461],"lowing":[462],"access":[463],"supporting":[469],"use.":[471],"Third,":[472],"inhabitants":[474],"favour":[475],"car-less":[476],"and,":[478],"thus,":[479],"proximity":[480],"often":[481],"influences":[482],"localisation":[484],"everyday":[487],"activities.":[488],"Fourth,":[489],"appeared":[495],"too.":[497],"On":[498,606,629],"level,":[501],"neighbourly":[502],"help":[503],"common":[505,624],"activities":[506,625],"facilitate":[510],"but,":[513],"beyond":[514],"that,":[515],"empowers":[519],"\u201cnor-":[523],"malises\u201d":[524],"way":[526],"life.":[528],"Despite":[529],"clear":[530],"general":[531],"tendencies":[532],"practices,":[536,569],"exists.":[543],"typology":[545],"lifestyles":[547,571],"allowed":[548],"us":[549],"uncover":[551],"Based":[553],"were":[575],"found:":[576],"ecological,":[577,589],"pragmatic":[578,590],"utilitarian":[580],"cyclists":[581],"same":[584],"three":[585],"multimodals,":[588],"utilitarian.":[592],"Finally,":[593],"certain":[595],"one":[608],"hand,":[609,632],"consists":[611,660],"local":[619,1379],"supply":[620],"spaces":[622],"development.":[628],"immaterial":[635],"aspects,":[636],"norms":[639],"allowing":[640,674],"consider":[642],"car-freeness.":[643],"brief,":[645],"needs":[651],"set":[654],"up":[655],"automobility.":[658],"various":[662],"indi-":[663],"vidual":[664],"strategies,":[665],"living.":[676],"--":[677,1444],"Les":[678,930,1059,1070],"voitures":[679,724,851,1067],"et":[680,705,775,823,827,833,840,869,898,946,955,1007,1106,1153,1158,1169,1206,1217,1243,1265,1282,1306,1346,1352,1432,1437],"le":[681,749,883,1015,1035,1086,1138,1250,1388],"syst\u00e8me":[682,1409],"d\u2019infrastructures":[683],"urbaines":[684],"construit":[685],"autour":[686],"d\u2019elles":[687],"ont":[688,725,938,948],"de":[689,699,703,764,771,785,797,854,856,866,953,1004,1012,1017,1028,1030,1050,1076,1088,1104,1115,1131,1164,1172,1201,1204,1241,1252,1259,1271,1293,1296,1317,1320,1324,1327,1342,1410,1440],"nombreux":[690],"n\u00e9gatifs":[692],"tels":[693],"que":[694,782,892,935,984,1025,1034,1049,1074,1085,1144,1316,1337],"la":[695,758,791,846,967,1026,1077,1154,1184,1187,1220,1228,1302,1371,1425],"les":[697,714,741,783,913,936,976,1045,1095,1125,1150,1192,1211,1244,1263,1280,1283,1297,1330,1338],"\u00e9missions":[698],"gaz":[700],"\u00e0":[701,718,744,794,812,815,818,821,825,835,838,842,942,960,994,1001,1161,1176,1200,1311,1370,1377,1424],"effet":[702],"serre":[704],"une":[706,738,754,957,1002,1122,1285,1402],"importante":[707],"consommation":[708],"d\u2019espace,":[709],"en":[710,809,829,852,1090,1092,1099,1136,1142,1299,1366,1394,1417,1427,1433],"parti-":[711],"culier":[712],"dans":[713,727,778,912,926,1063,1094,1247,1384],"villes.":[715],"En":[716,1406],"r\u00e9ponse":[717],"cette":[719,1269],"probl\u00e9matique,":[720],"des":[721,848,862,875,885,921,932,939,961,969,972,1040,1081,1107,1109,1129,1162,1167,1170,1274,1291,1304,1307,1309,1367,1391,1396,1428],"habitats":[722,849],"sans":[723,746,773,800,850,903,981,983,996,1066,1120,1189,1215,1254,1313,1360,1404,1412,1442],"\u00e9merg\u00e9":[726],"diff\u00e9rentes":[728],"villes":[729],"d\u2019Europe":[730],"occidentale.":[731],"Dans":[732],"ces":[733,779],"laboratoires":[734],"d\u2019une":[735,1022,1179,1364],"transition":[736],"vers":[737],"mobilit\u00e9":[739,1105,1205,1411],"durable,":[740],"habitant\u00b7e\u00b7s":[742,937,1126,1212,1264,1310],"s\u2019engagent":[743],"vivre":[745,772,902,995,1089,1253,1312,1359,1441],"voiture":[747,774,982,997,1023,1180,1314,1413],"sur":[748,757,874,1128],"terme.":[751],"Pour":[752],"surmonter":[753,1420],"soci\u00e9t\u00e9":[755],"bas\u00e9e":[756,873],"voiture,":[759,1216],"il":[760],"est":[761,1355],"impor-":[762],"tant":[763,1143],"comprendre":[765],"pourquoi":[766],"certains":[767],"m\u00e9nages":[768,970,977],"choisissent":[769],"volontairement":[770],"d\u2019emm\u00e9na-":[776],"ger":[777],"habitats,":[780],"ainsi":[781,891,1024,1048,1315,1336],"caract\u00e9ristiques":[784],"leur":[786,893,1208],"mobilit\u00e9.":[787],"Cette":[788],"th\u00e8se":[789],"repr\u00e9sente":[790,987,1038],"premi\u00e8re":[792],"\u00e9tude":[793],"grande":[795,958],"\u00e9chelle":[796],"r\u00e9sident\u00b7e\u00b7s":[798,1110],"d\u2019habitats":[799],"voitures.":[801],"Elle":[802],"ana-":[804],"lys\u00e9":[805],"neuf":[806,914],"quartiers,":[807],"cinq":[808],"Suisse":[810],"Berne,":[813],"Bienne,":[816],"Winterthour,":[819],"Ostermundigen":[822],"quatre":[828,1113],"Allemagne":[830],"Hambourg,":[836],"Ils":[844,945],"couvrent":[845],"diversit\u00e9":[847,1286],"termes":[853],"logements":[857],"(six":[858],"d\u2019entre":[859,928],"eux":[860],"repr\u00e9sentent":[861],"formes":[863,1203],"d\u2019habitat":[864],"collaboratif),":[865],"taille,":[867],"d\u2019\u00e2ge":[868,1053],"d\u2019emplacements.":[870],"Une":[871,905,1289],"approche":[872],"m\u00e9thodes":[876],"mixtes":[877],"\u00e9t\u00e9":[879,918],"adopt\u00e9e":[880],"afin":[881],"d\u2019\u00e9tudier":[882],"profil":[884],"m\u00e9nages,":[886],"leurs":[887,889,1223,1318],"motivations,":[888],"pratiques,":[890,1284],"\u00e9valuation":[894],"du":[895,1102],"contexte":[896,1350,1389,1435],"n\u00e9cessaire":[900,1357],"pour":[901,990,1061,1194,1222,1358,1419],"voiture.":[904,1123,1255,1361,1405,1443],"enqu\u00eate":[906],"par":[907],"auto-administr\u00e9":[909],"r\u00e9alis\u00e9e":[911],"quartiers":[915],"consid\u00e9r\u00e9s":[916],"combin\u00e9e":[919],"avec":[920,1147],"entretiens":[922],"approfondis":[923],"men\u00e9s":[925],"eux.":[929,991],"r\u00e9sultats":[931],"d\u00e9montrent":[934],"profils":[940],"particuliers":[941],"plusieurs":[943],"\u00e9gards.":[944],"elles":[947,1159],"souvent":[949,1219],"un":[950,988,1064,1234,1349,1408,1434],"haut":[951],"niveau":[952,1238],"formation":[954],"accordent":[956],"importance":[959],"valeurs":[962,1305],"\u00e9thiques":[963],"ou":[964,1052,1146,1334,1380],"altruistes.":[965],"Presque":[966],"moiti\u00e9":[968],"sont":[971,1068,1097],"familles.":[973],"Quasiment":[974],"tous":[975],"vivent":[978],"volontai-":[979],"rement":[980],"cela":[985],"ne":[986,1018],"Leurs":[992],"se":[998],"r\u00e9f\u00e8rent":[999],"surtout":[1000],"combinaison":[1003],"raisons":[1005,1046,1071],"pratiques":[1006,1072,1108,1319],"personnelles.":[1008],"Le":[1009],"premier":[1010],"inclut":[1014,1390],"fait":[1016,1087,1251],"pas":[1019],"avoir":[1020],"besoin":[1021],"disponibilit\u00e9":[1027],"modes":[1029,1292,1323],"transports":[1031,1151,1374],"alternatifs":[1032,1134],"tandis":[1033],"deuxi\u00e8me":[1036],"principalement":[1039],"\u00e9cologiques.":[1042],"Au":[1043,1237],"contraire,":[1044],"financi\u00e8res":[1047],"sant\u00e9":[1051],"n\u2019ont":[1054],"qu\u2019une":[1055],"tr\u00e8s":[1056],"faible":[1057],"emm\u00e9nager":[1062],"habitat":[1065],"similaires.":[1069],"telles":[1073],"l\u2019accessibilit\u00e9":[1075,1214],"localisation,":[1078],"mais":[1079,1174,1375],"aussi":[1080,1175,1262,1376],"sociaux":[1083],"tel":[1084],"communaut\u00e9,":[1091],"particulier":[1093,1137,1395],"coop\u00e9ratives,":[1096],"mis":[1098,1416],"\u00e9vidence.":[1100],"L\u2019analyse":[1101],"r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9":[1112],"strat\u00e9gies":[1116,1429],"permettant":[1117,1439],"d\u2019\u00eatre":[1118],"poss\u00e9der":[1121],"Premi\u00e8rement,":[1124],"s\u2019appuient":[1127],"moyens":[1130],"trans-":[1132],"ports":[1133],"(am\u00e9lior\u00e9s),":[1135],"v\u00e9lo":[1139],"(avec":[1140],"remorque,":[1141],"v\u00e9lo-cargo":[1145],"assistance":[1148],"\u00e9lectrique),":[1149],"publics":[1152],"marche.":[1155],"Deuxi\u00e8mement,":[1156],"ils":[1157],"recourent":[1160],"services":[1163,1171],"mobilit\u00e9,":[1165,1321],"comme":[1166,1233],"livraisons,":[1173],"l\u2019utilisation":[1177],"ponctuelle":[1178],"partag\u00e9e.":[1181],"De":[1182,1256],"plus,":[1183,1257],"num\u00e9risation":[1185],"facilite":[1186],"vie":[1188,1294,1325,1403],"voitures,":[1190],"particuli\u00e8rement":[1191],"applications":[1193],"smartphones":[1195],"qui":[1196,1399],"per-":[1197],"mettent":[1198],"l\u2019acc\u00e8s":[1199],"nombreuses":[1202],"facilitent":[1207,1249],"usage.":[1209],"Troisi\u00e8mement,":[1210],"favorisent":[1213],"donc":[1218],"proximit\u00e9":[1221],"activit\u00e9s":[1224,1245,1382],"quotidiennes.":[1225],"Quatri\u00e8-":[1226],"mement,":[1227],"communaut\u00e9":[1229,1260],"d\u2019habitant\u00b7e\u00b7s":[1230,1287],"apparait":[1231],"\u00e9galement":[1232,1356],"facteur":[1235],"important.":[1236],"pratique,":[1239],"l\u2019aide":[1240],"voisinage":[1242],"communes":[1246,1383],"l\u2019habitat":[1248],"l\u2019esprit":[1258],"encourage":[1261],"\u00ab":[1266],"normalise":[1267],"\u00bb":[1268],"mani\u00e8re":[1270],"vivre.":[1272],"Malgr\u00e9":[1273],"tendances":[1275],"g\u00e9n\u00e9rales":[1276],"clairement":[1277],"d\u00e9finies":[1278],"concernant":[1279],"existe.":[1288],"typologie":[1290],"permet":[1295],"mettre":[1298],"lumi\u00e8re.":[1300],"Sur":[1301],"base":[1303],"ressortent":[1326],"l\u2019analyse":[1328],":":[1329],"cyclistes":[1331],"\u00e9cologiques,":[1332,1344],"pragmatiques":[1333,1345],"utilitaristes":[1335],"m\u00eames":[1339],"trois":[1340],"multimodaux,":[1343],"utilitaristes.":[1347],"Enfin,":[1348],"sp\u00e9cifique":[1354],"Il":[1362,1422],"consiste":[1363,1423],"part":[1365],"li\u00e9es":[1369],"fois":[1372,1426],"aux":[1373,1381],"l\u2019approvisionnement":[1378],"l\u2019habitat.":[1385],"D\u2019autre":[1386],"part,":[1387],"immat\u00e9riels,":[1393],"normes":[1397],"sociales":[1398],"permettent":[1400],"d\u2019envisager":[1401],"r\u00e9sum\u00e9,":[1407],"doit":[1414],"\u00eatre":[1415],"place":[1418],"l\u2019automobilit\u00e9.":[1421],"individuelles":[1430],"vari\u00e9es":[1431],"Autos":[1445],"und":[1446,1461,1463],"das":[1447],"f\u00fcr":[1448],"sie":[1449],"aufgebaute":[1450],"System":[1451],"Infrastrukturen":[1453],"haben":[1454],"viele":[1455],"Auswirkungen,":[1457],"wie":[1458],"Schad-":[1459],"stoff-":[1460],"Treibhausgasemissionen":[1462],"einen":[1464],"hohen":[1465],"Bodenverbrauch,":[1466],"insbesondere":[1467],"St\u00e4dten.":[1469],"Als":[1470],"Antwort":[1471],"darauf":[1472],"sind":[1473],"verschiedenen":[1475],"westeurop\u00e4ischen":[1476],"St\u00e4dten":[1477],"autofreie":[1478],"Wohnsiedlungen":[1479],"entstanden.":[1480],"diesen":[1482],"Re-":[1483],"allaboren":[1484],"einer":[1485],"Mobilit":[1486]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2020-03-23T00:00:00"}